by Andi Zeisler
Hot Feminist (Vernon), 166
How to Be a Woman (Moran), 235
Hudson, Kate, 57
Hues magazine, 159–160
Huffington, Ariana, 197
Hung (television show), 192
Hunt, Tim, 209
The Hurt Locker (movie), 51
I Love Cinema (movie), 41
“If You Let Me Play” ad campaign, 14
Independent Film Channel, 40
independent films, 39–44
Independent Spirit Awards, 40
Independent Women’s Forum (IWF), 213–214
Ingmar Bergman Foundation, 56
Inside Amy Schumer, xiv
InStyle, xiii
Internet, 26, 54, 55, 89, 90, 91
feminism and, 161, 250, 252–254
television and, 104–106
IWF. See Independent Women’s Forum
J. Walter Thompson advertising agency, 5
James, Lilly, 161
Jay Z, 111, 112, 123
Jenner, Caitlyn, 14, 211
Jhally, Sut, 27
Johnson, Kjerstin, 56
Jones, Samantha, 34
Jordan, Barbara, 193
Judd, Ashley, 65
Julia (television show), 85
Just Another Girl on the IRT (movie), 41, 42
Kaling, Mindy, 107
Kamen, Paula, 150
Kang, Inkoo, 44
The Kansas City Star, 14
Kay, Katty, 209–210
Kids (movie), 54
Kilbourne, Jean, 27
Knocked Up (movie), 134
Koester, Megan, 196
Kotex ads, 26
Kramer vs. Kramer (movie), 147
Kriezman, Maris, 105
Kuczynski, Alex, 221, 229
labor
fashion and, 63
See also workplace
Lady Gaga, 119
Lansing, Sherry, 148
LaSalle, Mick, 35
Lasch, Christopher, 19
Lauzen, Martha, 45, 47
Lawrence, Jennifer, 227
Le Bon, Gustave, 200, 208–209
Lean Cuisine pizza ad campaign, 20
Lean In philosophy, xv, 75
Lear, Norman, 86, 154
Lee, Spike, 149
Lennox, Annie, 112
lesbians, 219
in independent films, 39
Lewis, Sarah Katherine, 190
“Liberated and Unhappy” (Douthat), 163–164
Liberated Wool Sweater, 7
liberation
consumption as, 18–23
fashion as, 59, 61, 63, 64
See also women’s liberation
Lifetime, 89
Lilith Fair, 215–218
Lilly, Evangeline, 119
lipstick feminism, 62, 160
Liss, Shannon, 153
Listen Up: Voices from the New Feminist Generation (Findlen), 153–154
Listerine, 10
listicle feminism, 94, 123, 124
looks
bad feminists and, 236–238
choice and, 228–229, 236, 237
self-deprecation about, 245–246
See also beauty
loophole women, 156–157, 166
Lorenzana, Debrahlee, 224
Louis-Dreyfuss, Julia, 134
Lyne, Adrian, 148
Mad Max: Fury Road (movie), 29–31, 44, 58, 142
Mad Max trilogy (movies), 29, 30
Mad Men (television show), 7, 81–82
magazines
fashion, 69–71
Riot Grrrl zines, 174, 175, 176
See also specific magazines
Maidenform “Dream” campaign, 6
mainstream feminism, 76
MAKERS, 24
conference, 194–196
makeup, 221–222, 224, 232–233
Mako Mori Test, 56
Malone, Annie Turnbo, 5
Mamet, Zosia, 81
Manhattan (movie), 147
March for Women’s Lives (1992), 173
Marcus, Sara, 174, 176
Marie Claire, 71
marketing
gendered product, 202–205
girl power, 173, 176–179
girls’ lib, 16
of movies as gendered, 33
See also advertising; branding
marketplace feminism, xiii, xiv, 9, 196, 252, 253, 257–258
as appeasement, 254
beauty and, 238, 241
choice and, 237
fashion and, 60, 70, 160
feminism and, 27, 210–211
as feminist branding, 74
Mad Max: Fury Road as, 32
media and, xvi
movies and, 32, 53, 54, 57, 58
popular culture and, ix–xvi
as prioritizing individuals, 255
purchasing and, 4, 255–256
Spice Girls and, 176, 179
television and, 96, 103, 108
“The Marriage Crunch,” 146
The Mary Sue, 105
The Mary Tyler Moore Show (television show), 85
Mattel, 16–18
Maude (television show), 85, 86
Maule, Frances, 5
Maxim, xiii, 75
Mayer, Marissa, 76, 196
Mazza, Cris, 162
McKenzie, Mia, 125
McLachlan, Sarah, 215, 216
McMillan Cottom, Tressie, 76
McRobbie, Angela, 20, 99
Mean Girls (movie), 172
media
beauty and, 232, 238, 245
empowerment and, 170
feminism and, ix–xvi, 126, 133, 137, 144–146, 156–158, 160, 163, 164, 173, 183, 185, 249–251, 253
feminist backlash and, 143–146, 149, 164–167
gender essentialism and, 205–208, 210
marketplace feminism and, xvi
postfeminism and, 144–146, 156–158, 164–167
rapid response to advertising, 26–27
Riot Grrrl and, 175–176
social movements and, xv
Media Report to Women, 45
men
in advertising, 10
feminism and, xv
men’s stories, 43–44
Men Are From Mars, Women Are From Venus (Gray), 205
menstrual products advertising, 23–27
Michigan Womyn’s Music Festival, 219
Microsoft, xiv, 189
Mikulski, Barbara, 173
Mildred Pierce (movie), 37, 38
Mill, John Stuart, 180–181
Miller, George, 142
Million Dollar Baby (movie), 51
Minaj, Nicki, 121, 123
The Mindy Project (television show), 107
Mink, Patsy, 193
minorities
Hays Code and, 36
See also race
Miramax, 40, 41
Miss America pageant, 61
Miss Piggy, xiii
Miss Representation, 73
The Mommy Brain: How Motherhood Makes Us Smarter (Ellison), 206
“Mommy Wars,” 186
Mo’Nique, 134
Moran, Caitlin, 235, 236, 237
The Morning After: Sex, Fear, and Feminism on Campus (Roiphe), 157, 158–159
Motion Picture Production Code of 1930. See Hays Code
movies
Bechdel Test, 54–58
criticism, 54–58
empowerment and, 191
feminist analysis of, 54–58, 255
gender roles in, 147
gendered market for, 33
independent films, 39–44
marketplace feminism and, 32, 53, 54, 57, 58
rape in, 149
women’s pictures, 37–38
See also Hollywood
“Moving Past Gender Roles to Negotiate a Raise,” 82–83
Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, 113
Ms., xiii, 26, 65, 67, 143, 153
celebrity feminism and, 115, 116, 118
“Trash
ing: The Dark Side of Sisterhood” article, 129
MTV, 91, 113, 118, 121, 159, 170
multiculturalism, 156
Mumolo, Annie, 51
Murphy Brown (television show), 87, 100
music
festivals and gender separation, 215–219
women’s, 215–219
My Big Fat Wedding (movie), 49
My Dinner With Andre (movie), 57
Myers, Nancy, 58
Nadella, Satya, 189
The Nation, 127
National Association of Theatre Owners, 46
National Organization for Women (NOW), 173, 213, 214
A Natural History of Rape, 206
neoliberalism, 75–77, 155, 156, 178, 180, 182–184, 187, 255
Net-A-Porter, 70
The New Victorians: A Young Woman’s Challenge to the Old Feminist Order (Denfield), 157–158
New Woman, 4
New York American Marketing Association, EFFIE award, 12
New York Film Academy, 45
New York Post, 30
New York Times, 10, 47, 52, 53, 66, 78, 88, 158, 160, 198, 251
“Liberated and Unhappy” column, 163–164
“Moving Past Gender Roles to Negotiate a Raise” article, 82–83
sexual harassment statement ad, 152–153
Styles section, 59, 60, 61
“Up the Career Ladder, Lipstick in Hand” article, 221–222, 224
“Voices From the Post-Feminist Generation” article, 144
New York Times Magazine, 183, 184
news
cable television, 91–92
feminist backlash and, 146
Newsweek, 156
single women article, 146, 163, 164
Nicholson, Jack, 142
Nike, 13–15, 196
9/11, and gender roles, 13
Nixon, Richard, 251, 252
NOW. See National Organization for Women
Nussbaum, Emily, 98
Obama, Barack, 67, 214, 252
Olivia Records, 219
The Onion, 170
Orange Is the New Black (television show), 103, 105
Orbach, Susie, 239
Orenstein, Peggy, 15, 179
Oscars, 48, 131, 134
“Our Outfits, Ourselves” fashion spread, 69, 70
Oxygen, 89
Pacific Rim (movie), 56
Paglia, Camille, 156–157, 161, 162, 206
Palin, Sarah, 211–212, 214, 215
Pantozzi, Jill, 105
Pao, Ellen, 82
Paul, Pamela, 66
Perez, Rosie, 217
perfume advertising, 8–10
Perry, Katy, xiii, 119, 211, 247
Peters, Tom, 72
Pfeiffer, Michelle, 141
Phan, Michelle, 191
Pickford, Mary, 33
Pinker, Steven, 207, 208
Pinker, Susan, 206–207
Pitch Perfect, 50
Planned Parenthood Federation of America, 67, 118
Playboy, xiii
pluralistic feminism, 73
Poehler, Amy, 118, 234
political correctness, 156
politics
celebrities and, 116–117
women in, 173
pop feminism, xiii
popular culture
backlash and, 149–150
empowerment and, 170, 191
feminism and, ix–xvi, 137, 158, 159, 173, 185, 249–256
marketplace feminism and, xvi
in nineties, 159
postfeminism and, 147, 156
social movements and, xv
transgender women and, xii
PORTER, 69–71
fashion spread, 69–71, 74
Portman, Natalie, 118
postfeminism, 10
antifeminism and, 162
backlash and, 143–146, 165–167
BUST magazine on, 161
choice feminism and, 186
Hollywood and, 147–149
“I’m-not-a-feminist-but,” 156
loophole women, 156–157, 166
media and, 144–146, 156–158, 164–167
in nineties, 156–162
popular culture and, 147, 156
race and, 151
reality TV and, 92, 93
Riot Grrrl on, 174
straw feminists, 165, 166
television and, 92, 93, 147–148, 151–153
third-wave feminism and, 153, 156, 158, 161
Postfeminist Playgrounds Web site, 161, 162
postfeminist writing, 162
power
empowerment and, 170–173
girl, 171–179
See also empowerment
power feminism, 157, 182–183
Powers, Ann, 217
Pozner, Jennifer L., 92, 95, 143, 240
Precious (movie), 134
President Barbie, 18
Procter & Gamble study, 222–223, 224
prostitution. See sex workers
pubic hair, 233–238
punk culture, 173–175
purchasing, and marketplace feminism, 4
Putnam, Keri, 43
Quayle, Dan, 100
race
celebrity feminism and, 112, 113, 121, 131, 133
empowerment and, 171, 172
erotic capital and, 225–226
fashion and, 64, 68–69
feminism and, 144, 145, 151–153
first-generation bias, 155
gender and, 151–153
Hays Code and minorities, 36
Hollywood and, 44–45, 48, 49, 54, 56, 149, 256
postfeminism and, 151
second-generation bias, 155
self-deprecation and, 245
sexual harassment and, 151–153
See also black women
Radcliffe, Daniel, 124
radfems, 219
radical feminism, 207, 214, 218
rape
college campus, 157–161, 251
by Cosby, 249
date, 157–161
erotic capital and, 226
in movies, 149
Paglia on, 157, 206
on television shows, 105, 106
Rational Dress Society, 61
Reagan, Ronald, 145, 148, 178
The Real World (television show), 91
Reality Bites Back: The Troubling Truth About Guilty-Pleasure Television (Pozner), 92
reality TV, 90–97
Reddit, 82
Red-Headed Woman, 34
reproductive rights, 66–67
choice and, 181–182, 187
See also abortion
Republicans, 145
Revlon, 8–9, 247
Rhimes, Shonda, 108
Rice, Condoleezza, 76
Rich, Lois, 114
Rich, Melissa, 114
Richardson, Ann, 194
Richardson, Terry, 227
rights
choice and, 181–182, 187
Equal Rights Amendment, 115–116, 145
reproductive, 66–67
U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, 45
See also women’s right to vote
Rihanna, 121, 123
Riot Grrrl, 159, 177, 179, 215
media and, 175–176
movement, 16, 173–175
punk culture and, 173–175
songs, 175
zines, 174, 175, 176
Rivers, Caryl, 207, 208
Robinov, Jeff, 51, 52
Roe v. Wade, 181–182
Roeper, Richard, 241
Roiphe, Katie, 157, 158–159, 161
Rolling Stone, ix
Romney, Mitt, 36
Roseanne (television show), 87, 100, 176
Run Lola Run (movie), 57
Ryan, Paul, 36
safe space, 250
Sandberg, Sheryl, xv, 75, 195, 196
Sarandon, Susan, 141, 142
Sarkeesian, Anita, 55
Sassy magazine, 159, 1
60, 176
Saturday Night Live, 22, 100, 160
Saujani, Reshma, 24
Scandal (television show), 108
Schmitt, Mary, 14
Schumer, Amy, 51, 133–134, 252
Scorsese, Martin, 40
Scott, A. O., 47
second-generation bias, 155
second-wave feminism, 7, 78, 99, 127, 128, 144, 145, 147, 219, 256
third-wave feminism and, 158
Secret antiperspirant advertising, 9–10
Seneca Falls, 3, 7, 127
Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (television show), 191
sex
biologically-based differences, 206–210
empowerment and, 189–191
erotic capital, 221–228, 248
pro-sex feminism, 161–162
sex objects, 166–167
sex trade decriminalization, 131–132
sexual conduct policy, 160
Sex, Lies, and Videotape (movie), 38, 41
Sex and the City (television show), 34, 97–99, 184
sex discrimination
in Hollywood hiring, 44–46
in television, 256
Walmart suit, 188
See also gender inequality
sex workers, 190–192
sexism
first-generation bias, 155
reality TV, 92–93
second-generation bias, 155
in tech companies, 82
in workplace, 81–84
See also gender essentialism
sexual harassment, 83–84, 225
erotic capital and, 226, 227–228
of Hill, 151–153, 173
race and, 151–153
The Sexual Paradox: Men, Women, and the Real Gender Gap (Susan Pinker), 206–207
sexual violence. See rape
shapewear, 77–80
Shapiro, Sarah Gertrude, 96
S.H.E. Summit, 193
She’s Gotta Have It (movie), 149
She’s Gotta Have It (television show), 149
Shipman, Claire, 209–210
Shit People Say to Women Directors & Other Women in Film (Tumblr), 45
Showalter, Elaine, 62
Silicon Valley, 82
Silverstein, Melissa, 33, 52, 53, 57, 102
Sin City (movie), 57
single women
advertising and, 10–13
independent career women in television, 85
Newsweek article on, 146, 163, 164
Sirk, Douglas, 37
Sisters of ‘77 (documentary), 194
Sleep with Me (movie), 54
Sleepy Hollow (television show), 105–106
slogan t-shirts, 65–68
Smith, William Kennedy, 226
smoking
advertising, 5–7
women’s movements and, 5–7
social movements
advertising and, 27
branding, 72
celebrities and, 115, 124
demands of, 125
fame and, 128
media and, xv
popular culture and, xv
third-wave feminists and, 155
See also women’s movements
Solomon, Barbara Bryant, 171
Soloway, Jill, 29
Sony Entertainment, 226–227
Spanx, 77–80
Spar, Deborah, 8–9