Making Eden
Page 39
RSL gene 79, 81–2, 82 f
Soil 12
Ryan, Frank 128
acidification 154
Rye (Secale cereale), root hairs 81
Solanaceae, genome duplication 60
Solar energy, harvest by plants 3–4
Saccharum (sugarcane) 190
Sonchus canariensis 54
Sack, Fred 102–3
Sorghum 60–61
Saprotrophic fungi, liverworts 132–4, 136
Southern Mediterranean, climate change 180
Saprotrophic plants 139
Soybean (Glycine max) 190
Science: a History (Gribbin) 8–9
Spain 179
Science fiction movies 2
Species distribution 179
Science fiction novels 2, 7
area relationship 176
Scott, Ridley 2
Species extinction see extinction
SCRM gene 109
Species richness of plants 31 f
ancestral stomata development 110
SPEECHLESS (SPCH) gene 106–11, 107 f
Sea-level rises 192
Spencer, Herbert 8, 127–8
Secale cereale (rye), root hairs 81
Sphenopsids 71
Sedge (Cyperaceae) 70
Spikemosses (Selaginellaceae)
Sedimentary analysis 157–8
genome sequencing 51–2
Seed plants
KNOX–ARP 74
evolution/origin 29
lignin 53
leaf evolution 71
Spirogyra 88
life cycle 36–8
transcriptomes 49
256 a Inde x
Sporophytes 33, 40–1
orchid reproduction 141–43
evolution 83
suggested evolution 145–47, 148 f
generation of 84
Symbiotic Planet ( Margulis) 130
mosses 34 f, 83–4
Syria, phosphorus 164 b
stomata 114
State of the World’s Plants (Royal Botanic Gardens,
Taxonomy 15
Kew) 174
Tectonic events 165–6
Stebbins, G Ledyard 56
Terra Nova expedition 5 b
Steel slag 170
Terrestrial plants, origins of 8–9
Stein, Bill 151–2, 162
Tolkien, J R R 66–67, 122
Stem cells 71
Tolkien’s Tree 66–7
roots 77–8
Torii, Keiko 94, 106
Stevenson, Robert Louis 35
Tracheids 87
St Helena
Transcriptome, charophytes 49–50
evolution on 54–5
Transpiration stream 97
species extinction timescale 181–2
Tree ferns 152
St Helena olive (Nesiota elliptica) 181–2
Tree of life 16, 44–5
Stomata 10–11, 75–76, 94–121, 104 f
Trees
closure of 112–14
basalt chemical weathering 153
DNA records 115
evolution of 54
dumb-bell shaped 110
height and transpiration 98
evolution/development 83, 104–16
The Trees (Larkin) 92
fossil record 96–7
Treubia 25
guard cells 103–4, 104 f
Triassic period 30
heat maps 114
mass extinction 184
master regulator genes 106–11, 107 f
multicellular algae 46–7
mechanism investigations 105 b
Permian–Triassic extinction 64
number reduction 120
symbiosis evolution 146
spacing of 111–12
Triffids 7
vascular plants 114–15
Triticum (wheat) 60–1
Stoneworts (Charales) 22–3
Trubia pygmaeaone 135 f
The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde
Truffles 129 b
(Stevenson) 35
Tuber aestivum (summer (burgundy) truffle) 129 b
Streptophyta 19–20
Tuber melanosporum (black truffle) 129 b
Sub-aerial transmigration 21
2R hypothesis 63
Sub-Saharan Africa, hunger in 190
Succulents (ice plants) 39–40
Ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation 89
Sugarcane (Saccharum) 190
UN Convention on Species Diversity 184
Summer (burgundy) truffle (Tuber aestivum) 129 b
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
Sustainable agriculture 189–91
(1992) 192
Sustainable energy 189–90
UN Global Strategy for Plant Conservation 184
Symbiosis 122–49
United Nations Paris Agreements 168
argument for 127
UN Sustainable Development Goals 2030 184
biochemical cycles 159
Updike, John 30–1, 116
carbon flow 161
Urban area living 67
fossil record 122–9, 137, 162
Utricularia gibba, genome size 56–7
fungi 11
genetic fingerprinting 138–9
van Leeuwenhoek, Anton 47
legumes 146
Vascular plants
mutualistic symbiosis 132
evolution of 27
natural selection vs. 128, 129 b
stomata 114–15
nomenclature 137–138
Vascular tissues 51–2
Inde x a 257
Venter, J Craig 42, 185
Westonbirt National Arboretum
Vertebrates
(Gloucestershire, UK) 160–1
evolution of 63
Wheat (Triticum) 60–1
land colonisation 4–5
Whisk ferns 28, 70
Viridiplantae 16
White rot fungi 52–3
Volcanoes
White smokers 3
atmospheric carbon dioxide rise 165–8
Whole genome duplication (WGD)
climate change 165–8, 166 f
events 58 f
Voltaire 102–3
Wicking, proto-bryophytes 99
Volvox, cellular co-operation 46–47
Wind-blown pollen 37
World Conservation Monitoring Centre 183
Wackernagel, Mathis 188–9
World population 173
Walker, David 80 b
World Summit on Sustainable
Walker, Timothy 94–5
Development 184
Wallace, Alfred Russell 15, 54
Wyndham, John 6
Wall Street trader analogy (Berry)
116–17
XYLEM, genome sequencing 51–2
Water cycles 100, 102, 103 f
Waterhouse, Alfred 87
Yosemite National Park 94
Water stress 87
Watney, Mark 4
Zea mays (maize) 60–1
Watson, Hewett C 175 b, 174 f
Zook, Douglas 18 b
Wellman, Charles 24
Zostera marina, stomatal gene loss 109
Welwitsch, Friedrich 29
Zuckerkandl, Émile 26
Welwitschia 29
Zygnematales 22, 23
Went, Frits 86
reproduction of 32
Document Outline
COVER
DEDICATION
MAKING EDEN
COPYRIGHT
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
CONTENTS
PLATES
1. ALL FLESH IS GRASS
2. FIFTY SHADES OF GREEN
3. GENOMES DECODED
4. ANCIENT GENES, NEW PLANTS
5. GAS VALVES
6. ANCESTRAL ALLIANCES
7. SCULPTING CLIMATE
8. EDE
N UNDER SIEGE
SIMPLIFIED GEOLOGIC TIMESCALE FROM THE CAMBRIAN
ENDNOTES 1 . All flesh is grass
2 . Fifty shades of green
3 . Genomes decoded
4 . Ancient genes, new plants
5 . Gas valves
6 . Ancestral alliances
7 . Sculpting climate
8 . Eden under siege
FIGURE CREDITS
PLATE CREDITS
PUBLISHER’S ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
INDEX