Hit Refresh
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Earlier I wrote that the C in CEO is about being the curator of culture. After all, it really comes down to people. It’s the sum of a million decisions made by thousands of people every day. It’s about helping employees live out their own personal mission in the context of Microsoft’s. Microsoft no longer employs people, people employ Microsoft. What is possible to achieve when we shift the mindset of more than 100,000 people from being employees to employers? Our entire purpose is to make things that help others make things—and make things happen. Our services are irreplaceable tools in countless enterprises and organizations around the world. Anybody at Microsoft can look at our constellation of assets and dream of what can be and bring it to bear on any problem in any geography. We’re providing the resources countless people can use to build something that will outlast themselves, whether that’s a small business, a school, a clinic, or a giant enterprise creating jobs and opportunity for millions.
This culture needs to be a microcosm of the world we hope to create outside the company. One where builders, makers, and creators achieve great things. But, equally important, one where every individual can be their best self, where diversity of skin color, gender, religion, and sexual orientation is understood and celebrated. I know that we are on the right track when I hear a colleague express an insight that could only come from empathy, or when a product breakthrough results from someone who used Microsoft as a platform for his or her personal passion and creativity.
What does it mean to Hit Refresh? I encourage you to answer that for yourself. Start the conversation in your institution. Start the conversation in your community. And please, share with me what you learn, and I’ll continue to do the same.
Sources and Further Reading
Chapter 1 — From Hyderabad to Redmond
Cornet, Manu. “Organizational Charts.” Bonkers World, June 27, 2011. Accessed December 8, 2016. http://www.bonkersworld.net/organizational-charts/.
Gordon, Robert J. The Rise and Fall of American Growth: The U.S. Standard of Living since the Civil War. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2016.
Widmer, Ted. “The Immigration Dividend.” New York Times, October 6, 2015.
Chapter 2 — Learning to Lead
A Cloud for Global Good. Case study. Redmond, WA: Microsoft, 2016. Accessed December 12, 2016. http://news.microsoft.com/cloudforgood/.
Guha, Ramachandra. A Corner of a Foreign Field: The Indian History of a British Sport. Basingstoke, UK: Pan Macmillan, 2003.
Eastaway, Robert. Cricket Explained. New York: St. Martin’s Griffin, 1993.
Shapshak, Toby. “How Kenya’s M-Kopa Brings Prepaid Solar Power To Rural Africa.” Forbes, January 28, 2016.
Beser, Ari. “How Citizen Science Changed the Way Fukushima Radiation is Reported.” National Geographic, Fulbright National Geographic Stories, February 13, 2016.
Heikell, Lorence. “UN and Microsoft Aid Disaster Recovery, Economic Development in Nepal.” Microsoft Feature Story. Accessed March 10, 2017. https://news.microsoft.com/features/un-and-microsoft-aid-disaster-recovery-economic-development-in-nepal/#sm.00001tfvv5hhqcs610r97vxf4vfiv#hAyXgOep0YzFR1W8.97.
Amazon. “New Version of Alexa Web Search Service Gives Any Developer Tools to Innovate in Search at Web Scale.” Amazon Press Release, June 6, 2007. http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=176060&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1012591.
Barr, Allison. “Amazon’s Next Billion-dollar Business Eyed.” Reuters, July 22, 2011.
Brengel, Kellogg. “ThyssenKrupp Elevator Uses Microsoft Azure IoT for Improved Building Efficiency.” OnMicrosoft. Accessed March 10, 2017. https://www.onmsft.com/news/thyssenkrupp-elevator-uses-microsoft-azure-iot-improved-building-efficiency.
Chapter 3 — New Mission, New Momentum
Vance, Ashlee. “CEO Memo Makes ‘Productivity’ the New Mantra at Microsoft.” Bloomberg, July 10, 2014.
McGregor, Jen. “Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella’s Love of Literary Quotes.” Washington Post, July 10, 2014.
Wingfield, Nick. “Satya Nadella Says Changes Are Coming to Microsoft.” New York Times, July 10, 2014.
Chapter 4 — A Cultural Renaissance
Peckham, Matt. “‘Minecraft’ Is Now the Second Best-Selling Game of All Time.” Time, June 2, 2016.
Chapter 5 — Friends or Frenemies?
http://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/telecom/internet/popular-internet-of-things-forecast-of-50-billion-devices-by-2020-is-outdated.
Chapter 6 — Beyond the Cloud
Linn, Allison. “How Microsoft Computer Scientists and Researchers Are Working to ‘Solve’ Cancer.” Microsoft Story Labs, September 2016. https://news.microsoft.com/stories/computingcancer/.
Dupzyk, Kevin. “I Saw the Future Through Microsoft’s HoloLens.” Popular Mechanics, September 6, 2016, http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/a22384/hololens-ar-breakthrough-awards/.
Aukstakalnis, Steve. Practical Augmented Reality. A Guide to the Technologies, Applications, and Human Factors for AR and VR. Boston: Addison-Wesley, 2016.
Grunwald, Martin. Human Haptic Perception: Basics and Applications. Boston: Birkhauser, 2008.
Gartner, Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies, 2016, G00299893
Aaronson, Scott. Quantum Computing Since Democritus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
Linn, Allison. “Microsoft Doubles Down on Quantum Computing Bet.” Next at Microsoft Blog, November 20, 2016. https://blogs.microsoft.com/next/2016/11/20/microsoft-doubles-quantum-computing-bet/.
Chapter 7 — The Trust Equation
Ignatius, Adi. “They Burned the House Down.” Harvard Business Review 93, no. 7/8 (2015): 106–13.
Smith, Brad. “‘The Interview’ Now Available on Xbox Video.” The Official Microsoft Blog, December 24, 2014. http://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2014/12/24/the-interview-now-available-on-xbox-video/.
Microsoft News Center. “Statement from Microsoft about Response to Government Demands for Customer Data.” The Official Microsoft Blog, July 11, 2013. http://news.microsoft.com/2013/07/11/statement-from-microsoft-about-response-to-government-demands-for-customer-data/#sm.001aorusr7vufs511ur2bludrw2u3.
Hesseldahl, Arik. “Microsoft and Google Will Sue U.S. Government Over FISA Order Data.” All Things D, August 30, 2013. http://allthingsd.com/20130830/microsoft-and-google-will-sue-u-s-government-over-fisa-order-data/#.
Cellan-Jones, Rory. “Technology Firms Seek Government Surveillance Reform.” BBC Technology News, December 9, 2013. Accessed December 8, 2016. http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-25297044.
Ackerman, Spencer. “Tech Giants Reach White House Deal on NSA Surveillance of Customer Data.” The Guardian, January 27, 2014. Accessed December 8, 2016. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/27/tech-giants-white-house-deal-surveillance-customer-data.
Ellingsen, Nora. “The Microsoft Ireland Case: A Brief Summary,” LawFare Blog, July 15, 2016, https://www.lawfareblog.com/microsoft-ireland-case-brief-summary.
Bennet, James, et al. “Adapting Old Laws to New Technologies; Must Microsoft Turn Over Emails on Irish Servers?” New York Times, July 27, 2014. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/28/opinion/Must-Microsoft-Turn-Over-Emails-on-Irish-Servers.html?_r=0.
Conger, Kate. “The Federal District Court Ruled in Favor of U.S. Prosecutors, but We Appealed the Decision, and the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit Backed Microsoft’s Position.” TechCrunch, July 14, 2016. https://techcrunch.com/2016/07/14/microsoft-wins-second-circuit-warrant/.
Nakashima, Ellen. “Apple Vows to Resist FBI Demand to Crack iPhone Linked to San Bernardino Attacks.” Washington Post, February 17, 2016. Accessed December 8, 2016. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-wants-apple-to-help-unlock-iphone-used-by-san-bernardino-shooter/2016/02/16/69b903ee-d4d9–11e5–9823–02b905009f99_story.html.
Bloomberg, Michael. “The Terrorism Fight Needs Silicon Valley; Tech Executives Are Dangerously Wrong in Resisting the Government’s Requests for Their Help.” Wall Street Journal, June
29, 2016. Accessed December 8, 2016. http://www.wsj.com/articles/the-terrorism-fight-needs-silicon-valley-1467239710.
Hazelwood, Charles. “Trusting the Ensemble.” TED Talk, 19:36, filmed July 2011. http://www.ted.com/talks/charles_hazlewood.
Gates, Bill. “Memo from Bill Gates.” The Official Microsoft Blog, January 11, 2012. http://news.microsoft.com/2012/01/11/memo-from-bill-gates/#sm.00000196kro2y0ndaxxlau37xidty.
Delgado, Rick. “A Timeline of Big Data Analytics.” CTO Vision, September 12, 2016. https://ctovision.com/timeline-big-data-analytics/.
Lieberman, Mark. “Zettascale Linguistics.” Language Log, November 5, 2003. http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/000087.html.
North, Douglass Cecil. Economic Growth of the United States, 1790–1860. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1961.
Adams, John. “John Adams to Abigail Adams, 3 July 1776.” Adams Family Papers: An Electronic Archive, Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston. Accessed December 8, 2016. http://www.masshist.org/digitaladams/archive/doc?id=L17760703jasecond.
Riley v. California, 134 S. Ct. 2473, 189 L. Ed. 2d 430, 2014 U.S. LEXIS 4497, 82 U.S.L.W. 4558, 42 Media L. Rep. 1925, 24 Fla. L. Weekly Fed. S 921, 60 Comm. Reg. (P & F) 1175, 2014 WL 2864483 (U.S. 2014). https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/13pdf/13–132_8l9c.pdf.
Rothman, Lily. “10 Questions with Akhil Reed Amar.” Time, September 5, 2016, 56.
Arun K. Thiruvengadam Scholarly Papers. New York: Social Science Research Network, 2013–2016. Accessed December 8, 2016. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=411428.
Malden, Mary, and Lee Rainie. “Americans’ Attitudes about Privacy, Security and Surveillance.” Washington, DC: Pew Research Center, 2015. Accessed December 8, 2016.
http://www.pewinternet.org/files/2015/05/Privacy-and-Security-Attitudes-5.19.15_FINAL.pdf.
Neuborne, Burt. Madison’s Music: On Reading the First Amendment. New York: The New Press, 2015.
Chapter 8 — The Future of Humans and Machines
Markoff, John, and Paul Mozur, “For Sympathetic Ear, More Chinese Turn to Smartphone Program.” New York Times, July 31, 2015.
Tractica. Virtual Digital Assistants. Boulder, CO: Tractica, 2016. Accessed December 8, 2016.
https://www.tractica.com/research/virtual-digital-assistants/.
Executive Office of the President National Science and Technology County Committee on Technology. Preparing for the Future of Artificial Intelligence. Washington, DC: National Science and Technology Council, 2016. Accessed December 8, 2016. https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/whitehouse_files/microsites/ostp/NSTC/preparing_for_the_future_of_ai.pdf.
Kurzweil, Ray. The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology. New York: Penguin Books, 2006.
Markoff, John. Machines of Loving Grace: The Quest for Common Ground Between Humans and Robots. New York: Ecco, 2015.
Asimov, Isaac. “Runaround.” In I, Robot. New York: Gnome Press, 1950.
Gates, Bill. “The Internet Tidal Wave.” Memorandum to executive staff, May 26, 1995. https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/atr/legacy/2006/03/03/20.pdf.
Breazeal, Cynthia. Designing Sociable Robots. London: MIT Press, 2002.
Nadella, Satya. “The Partnership of the Future.” Slate, June 28, 2016. Accessed December 8, 2016. http://www.slate.com/authors.satya_nadella.html.
Stone, Peter, et al. “Artificial Intelligence and Life in 2030.” One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence: Report of the 2015–2016 Study Panel. Stanford, CA: Stanford University, 2016. Accessed: September 6, 2016. https://ai100.stanford.edu/2016-report/preface.
Allen, Colin. “The Future of Moral Machines.” New York Times, December 25, 2011.
Bostrom, Nick. Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
Ford, Martin. Rise of the Robots: Technology and the Threat of a Jobless Future. New York: Basic Books, 2015.
Brynjolfsson, Erik, and Andrew McAfee. The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies. New York: W. W. Norton, 2014.
McCullough, David. The Wright Brothers. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2015.
Krznaric, Roman. Empathy: Why It Matters, and How to Get It. New York: TarcherPerigee, 2014.
Schwab, Klaus. The Fourth Industrial Revolution. New York: Crown Business, 2017.
Susskind, Daniel, and Richard Susskind. The Future of the Professions: How Technology Will Transform the Work of Human Experts. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.
Chapter 9 — Restoring Economic Growth for Everyone
Associated Press. “Who’s Been Invited to the State of the Union Tonight?” Boston Globe, January 12, 2016. Accessed December 9 2016. https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/2016/01/12/guestsrdp/DR3KzNA90x3nxLYFOFs0nN/story.html.
Obama, Barack. State of the Union Address. White House, January 12, 2016. Accessed December 9, 2016. https://www.whitehouse.gov/sotu.
Solow, Robert M. “We’d Better Watch Out.” Review of The Myth of the Post-Industrial Economy, by Stephen S. Cohen and John Zysman. New York Times, July 12, 1987. Accessed December 9, 2016. http://www.standupeconomist.com/pdf/misc/solow-computer-productivity.pdf.
Nadella, Satya, Ulrich Spiesshofer, and Andrew McAfee. “Producing Digital Gains at Davos.” BCG Perspectives, March 9, 2016. Accessed December 9, 2016. https://www.bcgperspectives.com/content/articles/technology-digital-technology-business-transformation-producing-digital-gains-davos/.
Weightman, Gavin. The Industrial Revolutionaries: The Making of the Modern World, 1776–1914. New York: Grove Press, 2010.
Ashton, T. S., and Pat Hudson. The Industrial Revolution, 1760–1830, 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Republic of Malawi. National ICT Policy. Lilongwe: Malawi, 2013. Accessed December 9, 2016. https://www.malawi.gov.mw/Publications/Malawi_2013_Malawi_ICT_Policy.pdf.
Republic of Rwanda Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning. Rwanda Vision 2020. Kigali: Rwanda, 2000. Accessed December 9, 2016. http://www.sida.se/globalassets/global/countries-and-regions/africa/rwnda/d402331a.pdf.
Comin, Diego A., and Bart Hobijn. “Historical Cross-Country Technology Adoption (HCCTA) Dataset.” The National Bureau of Economic Research. Last modified August 8, 2004. http://www.nber.org/hccta/.
McKenzie, David, and Christopher Woodruff. “What Are We Learning from Business Training and Entrepreneurship Evaluations around the Developing World?” Working Paper WPS6202, The World Bank Development Research Group Finance and Private Sector Development Team. World Bank, 2012.
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/777091468331811120/pdf/wps6202.pdf.
Adesanya, Ireti. “The Genius Behind the Gini Index.” Virginia Commonwealth University School of Mass Communications Multimedia Journalism. Last modified December 20, 2013. http://mmj.vcu.edu/2013/12/20/methodology-gini-index-sidebar/.
“Maxima and minima.” Wikipedia. Last modified October 9, 2016. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxima_and_minima.
Immelt, Jeffrey. “NYU Stern Graduate Convocation 2016: Jeffrey Immelt.” Filmed May 20, 2016. YouTube video, 18:27. Posted June 2, 2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLMiuN8uSsk.
Erlanger, Steven. “‘Brexit’: Explaining Britain’s Vote on European Union Membership.” New York Times, October 27, 2016. http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/world/europe/britain-european-union-brexit.html?_r=0.
Hardy, Quentin. “Cloud Computing Brings Sprawling Centers, but Few Jobs, to Small Towns.” New York Times, August 26, 2016. http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/27/technology/cloud-computing-brings-sprawling-centers-but-few-jobs-to-small-towns.html.
Acemoglu, Daron, and Pascual Restrepo. “The Race Between Man and Machine: Implications of Technology for Growth, Factor Shares and Employment.” Unpublished manuscript, December 2015. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4159/521bb401c139b440264049ce0af522033b5c.pdf?_ga=1.
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Lemann, Nicholas. “The Network Man: Reid Hoffman’s Big Idea.” The New Yorker, October 12, 2015. http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/10/12/the-network-man.
Romer, Paul. “Interview on Urbanization, Charter Cities and Growth Theory.” Paul Romer (blog), April 29, 2015. https://paulromer.net/tag/charter-cities/.
Calmes, Jackie. “Who Hates Free Trade Treaties? Surprisingly, Not Voters.” New York Times, September 21, 2016. http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/22/us/politics/who-hates-trade-treaties-surprisingly-not-voters.html.
“Trans-Pacific Partnership.” International Trade Administration, Department of Commerce, Washington, DC. Accessed December 9, 2016. http://www.trade.gov/fta/tpp/index.asp.
Index
The pagination of this electronic edition does not match the edition from which it was created. To locate a specific passage, please use your e-book reader’s search tools.
Aadhaar, 222
Abba, 10
Accenture, 87
accessibility, 103, 225
Accompli, 137
accountability, 100, 207
Acemoglu, Daron, 231–32
acquisitions, 137
Acrobat, 136
Adams, Abigail, 185
Adams, John, 185, 188
Adobe, 20, 127–28, 136–37
advertising, 47, 50
Africa, 219, 225
African Americans, 116–17
agility, 51