For the Common Defense
Page 102
Hadley, Stephen, 666, 670
Haig, Alexander, 579
Haig, Sir Douglas, 311, 334
Haiti, 284, 289, 301, 302, 586, 613, 616, 686
HALFMOON, 446
Hall, John H., 115
Halleck, Henry W., 119, 161, 163, 164, 166–69, 172, 178, 179, 182, 188, 197, 202, 207, 208
Halloween Massacre, 571
Halsey, William F., 352, 397, 416, 418
Hamilton, Alexander, 79–80, 87–91, 92, 108
Hamilton, Henry, 70
Hamlet Evaluation System (HES), 536
Hampton, Wade, 101
Hampton Roads, Battle of, 199
Harassment and interdiction (H&I), 531–32
Harboard, James G., 331
Hardee, William J., 165
Harkins, Paul, 515, 516
Harlem Heights, Battle of, 61
Harmar, Josiah, 80–81, 85
Harpers Ferry, 155, 156, 170, 175, 176
Harrison, William Henry, 95, 99, 101
Hartford Convention (1814), 96, 107
Hatteras Inlet, 165
Hawaiian Islands, 237, 246, 269, 271, 283, 284, 289, 343, 347, 361, 373–75
Hay, John, 269
Hayes, Rutherford B., 234
Helicopters, 495–96, 503, 574, 604, 615, 621, 631
in Afghanistan/Iraq Wars, 640, 648, 649, 655, 658, 659
in Korean War, 471
in Vietnam War, 514, 529, 530, 532, 555, 559
Hessians, 49, 53, 59, 60, 62, 65
Hezbollah, 581, 585, 628, 629
Higgins, Andrew J., 393
Hill, Ambrose P., 192
Hill, Daniel H., 175
Hill, John, 29
Hindenburg, Paul von, 323
Hirohito, Emperor, 438–39
Hiroshima, 439
Hispaniola, 301
Hitch, Charles, 487, 497, 498
Hitchcock, Ethan Allen, 202
Hitler, Adolf, 365, 367–69, 371, 372, 379, 391, 401, 423, 424, 432–36
Hoar, George F., 280
Hobkirk’s Hill, Battle of, 69
Ho Chi Minh, 511–13
Ho Chi Minh Trail, 517–22, 534–35, 547, 553, 554, 558
Holbrooke, Richard C., 620, 621
Holland, John R., 290–91
Homeland Security, 639
Homestead Act, 222
Honduras, 581, 591, 592, 607
Hood, John B., 211, 212, 213
Hooker, Joseph, 175, 178, 190–92, 196, 209, 210
Hoover, Herbert, 350, 351, 363
Hopkins, Esek, 73
Horner, Charles, 597, 599, 601, 603
Hornets’ Nest, 167
Horseshoe Bend, Battle of, 105
Hospital Corps, 242
Howe, Jonathan T., 615, 616
Howe, Richard Lord, 60, 61
Howe, William, 58, 60–63, 65, 72, 73
Howitzers, 358
Hudson Bay, 20, 30, 40
Hudson Highlands, 66, 67
Hudson River, 20, 23, 24, 60–63
Huerta, Victoriano, 302
Hughes, Charles Evans, 342
Hull, John A.T., 257
Hull, William, 99
HUMVEES, 656, 680
Hunley (submarine), 199
Hunt, William H., 238
Hunter, David, 161, 182
Huntington, Jedediah, 55
Huron Indians, 23, 24
Huse, Caleb, 205
Hussein, King of Jordan, 494, 595
Hussein, Saddam, 592–98, 601, 604, 625–27, 632, 634–35, 650–61, 664–65, 671, 676
Hydrogen bomb, 447, 462
Ia Drang, Battle of the, 529–30
ICBMs (intercontinental ballistic missiles), 476, 484–85, 500, 505, 567, 572–73, 578, 579, 607–608
IEDs, 663, 664, 668–69, 670, 675
Imperial German Navy, 310
Imperialism, 219, 236–41, 246, 253, 268–69, 271, 283, 300–303, 312
Imperial Japanese Fleet, 353, 364, 366, 373–75, 406, 416–19, 428, 436–37
Implementation Force (IFOR), 621
Impressment, 94
Inchon invasion, 458
Indentured servants, 42, 53
India, 75, 374, 408, 430, 444, 512, 624, 673, 674, 678
Indians. See Native Americans
Industrial Mobilization Plan (IMP), 356–57
Industrial Revolution, 108, 114, 115
Infantry School of Practice, 119
Infantry Tactics (Upton), 243
Inflation, 55, 64, 144, 206
Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660–1783, The (Mahan), 245–46
Intelligence, 247, 248, 354
Cold War, 443, 449, 451, 477, 480–82, 488, 494, 504
counterterrorist, 629–31, 639–40, 651–52
early organization, 247
Gulf War, 594–95, 597
Iraq War, 651–52, 656–57
Somalia, 615
Vietnam War, 516, 523, 529, 532, 538, 540
World War I, 323
World War II, 384–85, 390–91, 411, 418, 421
Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (Rio Pact), 441
Intercontinental bombers, 476
Interim Agreement (1972), 567
Internal combustion engine, 283, 290, 298
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 486, 626–27, 636, 651, 653, 662
International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), 645, 646, 674–78
Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate (ISI), 624–25
Intervention, Clinton-era policy of, 613–23
Interwar period (1919–1939), 339–66
Intifada, 628
Iran, 477, 493, 585–88, 624–28, 636, 650, 676, 686
-Iraq War, 581, 585, 586
Revolution, 571, 575, 576, 671
U.S. embassy takeover, 575
Iran-contra affair, 585, 589
Iraq, 493, 494, 581, 585–87, 607, 613, 625–27, 635–36, 650–72
Gulf War (1991), 593–605, 606, 625, 638, 652
pacification, 660–72
WMD program, 594–96, 604, 626–27, 634, 636, 650–55, 661, 662, 671
IRAQI FREEDOM, 650–60, 665–66, 671–72, 682
maps of, 657, 662
Iraqi Governing Council, 667–68
Iraq War (2003–2011), 650–72, 679, 682
maps of, 657, 662
IRBMs (intermediate-range ballistic missiles), 476, 483–84, 505, 574
Ironclads, 115, 116 and n., 117, 166, 169, 199–200, 219
Iron Triangle, 468, 473
Iroquois Indians, 23–31, 34–36, 41, 71
Isherwood, Benjamin F., 198, 221
Islamic fundamentalism, 581, 624–33, 636–50, 664–65, 672–79
Israel, 444, 493, 572, 575, 576, 582, 585, 586, 594, 595, 607, 626, 628, 636
Israeli Defense Force, 581
Isthmus of Panama, 283
Italian campaign, 401–403, 424–25, 436
IVY, 464
Iwo Jima, 435
Jackson, Andrew, 102, 104–106, 108, 112, 120, 124, 126–28, 162, 233, 234, 275
Jackson, Claiborne, 157, 159
Jackson, Henry M., 481, 497, 570
Jackson, Thomas J. (Stonewall), 157, 170, 173–76, 191–92
Jaish al-Mahdi (JAM), 665, 669, 670, 671
James, Jesse, 161
James River, 149, 170, 208, 209
Jamestown, Virginia, 1, 2
Japanese rearmament, 474, 492
Jaruzelski, Wojciech, 578
Jáudenes, Don Fermin, 267–68
Jay, John, 88
Jay’s Treaty, 88, 89
Jefferson, Thomas, 92–95, 100, 233
Jennison, Charles R., 161
Jihad, 628–32, 636–38, 664, 673
Joffre, Joseph, 312
John Paul II, Pope, 578
Johnson, Andrew, 229–30
Johnson, Harold K., 525, 534, 541
Johnson, Kelly, 481
Johnson, Louis A., 357, 450, 461
Johnson, Lyndon B., 475, 481, 500, 506
Vietnam and, 507, 509, 516–27, 539, 540, 542–43, 546, 558
Johnson, Richard M., 101
Johnson, Robert B., 613
Johnson, William, 36
Johnston, Albert S., 165, 166
Johnston, Joseph E., 156–57, 165–72, 194–97, 208, 210–22, 213
Joint Army-Navy Munitions Board, 346, 353, 356, 357, 388, 389
Joint Board of Aeronautics, 346, 347
Joint Chiefs of Staff, 380–81, 389, 396–99, 406–408, 411, 418, 430, 438, 446–52, 458, 460, 461, 473, 478, 488–90, 504, 510, 518, 519, 526, 527, 535, 541, 545, 546, 552, 579, 589, 596–98, 610–11, 622, 635, 652
Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff (JSTPS), 485
Joint Task Force Bravo, 591
Jomini, Antoine Henri de, 118–19, 245
Jones, John, 205
Jones, John Paul, 73
Jordan, 494, 581, 587, 597, 628, 672
JSTARS, 599, 623, 641
Jupiter missile, 483
JUST CAUSE, 593
Kahn, Herman, 487
Kaiser, Henry J., 392
Kamikazes, 419–20, 432–37
Kanagawa, Treaty of (1854), 124
Kandahar, 643–45
KANSAS-WYOMING line, 468
Karadzic, Radovan, 618–21
Karzai, Hamid, 641–44, 649, 674–77
Kaskaskia, 70
Kasserine Pass, 401
Kaufmann, William W., 487, 497
Keane, John, 105, 670
Kearny, Lawrence, 124
Kearny, Stephen W., 136–37
Kennan, George, 441
Kennedy, John F., 475, 478, 481, 496–97, 512, 569, 577, 611
Bay of Pigs, 504
Cuban missile crisis, 505–506
death of, 516
Flexible Response, 496–506
Vietnam and, 507, 509, 514–16
Kennedy, Robert F., 504
Kennesaw Mountain, Battle of, 211
Kenney, George C., 416
Kernstown, Battle of, 170
Key, A. O., 288
Key, Francis Scott, 104
KGB, 480
Khalid ibn Sultan, 595, 600
Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, 636–37, 646, 678
Khe Sanh, 539, 540
Khmer Rouge, 552
Khomeini, Ayatollah, 575, 588
Khrushchev, Nikita S., 477, 503, 505–506
Killian, James R., Jr., 481
Kimball, William W., 255–56
Kim Il-Sung, 454, 455, 456–57, 473
King, Ernest J., 352, 373, 376, 378, 380, 394, 405–407, 416, 418
King George’s War, 32–34
King Philip’s War, 9, 16–19, 20
King’s Mountain, Battle of, 68
Kingston, 101
King William’s War, 25–27, 28
Kiowa Indians, 225
Kissinger, Henry, 487, 491, 544, 548, 555, 558, 562, 563, 564, 666
Knights of the Rising Sun, 231
Knox, Henry, 59, 78, 83, 85, 86
Knoxville, 177, 196, 197
Komer, Robert, 536
Korean Military Advisory Group (KMAG), 454–55
Korean War, 453–60, 467–74, 477, 511
air support, 458, 464–65, 468, 470–72
armistice, 474
casualties, 216, 471, 472, 474, 680
draft, 462–64
logistical support, 457–58, 469–70
MacArthur in, 457–60
maps of, 456, 469
mobilization, 457–58, 459, 464, 465
peace talks, 471–73, 474
prisoners of war, 472, 473, 474
rearmament, 460–67
tactics, 473
Kosovar Liberation Army (KLA), 622–23
Kosovo, 617–23, 627, 628
Kriegsakademie, 118
Krulak, Victor H., 529
Ku Klux Klan, 231–32
Kurds, 601, 602, 605, 626, 627, 650, 654, 655, 660, 661, 671
Kuwait, 586, 587, 593–605, 607, 628, 652, 655, 656, 657, 658
Kuwaiti Theater of Operations (KTO), 595–98, 601, 602
Kwajalein atoll, 417
Ky, Nguyen Cao, 537–38
Labor disputes, 233, 234–35, 295
Lafayette, Marquis de, 69
Lafayette Escadrille, 333
Lafitte, John, 105
Laird, Melvin R., 546, 547, 548, 552
Lake Champlain, 20, 23, 27, 29, 34, 60, 62, 97, 101
Lake Erie, Battle of, 99–100, 101
Lake George, Battle of, 36
Lake Huron, 97
Lake Michigan, 123
Lake Ontario, 39, 97, 99
LAM SON 719, 554–56
Land force reform, 292–300, 305
Land-grant colleges, 305
Lane, James H., 161, 182
Langley, Samuel, 298
Laos, 474, 477, 493, 507, 511, 512, 519, 529, 532, 540, 544, 551, 553, 554–56
Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT), 673–74
Lawrence, E. O., 447
Lawrence, James, 100
League of Nations, 340
Leahy, William D., 380
Lebanon, 477, 494, 581–82, 586, 591, 607, 686
Lee, Charles, 65
Lee, Robert E., 139, 150, 152, 162, 171–78, 190–94, 204, 207–214, 228
Legion of the United States, 86–87
Lehman, John, 577, 578, 584
Lejeune, John A., 353
LeMay, Curtis E., 431–32, 446, 447
Lend Lease, 372–73, 387
Lend-Lease Act (1941), 372
Lend-Lease Administration, 388
Lenthall, John, 198
Leopard, 94
Lewis, I. N., 297, 298
Lewis, Meriwether, 122
Lewiston, 102
Lexington, 30, 47–48, 50, 64
Lexington, 343, 348, 350, 351
Leyte Gulf, Battle of, 418–19, 420
Liberty engine, 317
Libya, 582, 607, 628, 650
Liggett, Hunter, 337
Lilienthal, David E., 445
Limited Test Ban Treaty (1963), 501
Limited War (Osgood), 496
Linares, Arsenio, 263, 266
Lin Biao, 503–504, 571
Lincoln, Abraham, 145, 222, 228
in Civil War, 145, 148–56, 159, 162–66, 169–80, 181, 184, 189–97, 202, 203, 208, 210, 216–17
election of 1864, 212
Emancipation Proclamation, 181–82, 183
Gettysburg Address, 217
habeas corpus, suspension of, 189
Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, 176, 181
LINEBACKER I, 557–58, 562, 563
LINEBACKER II, 563–64
Line-staff rivalry, 110, 112, 220–21, 250
Lisbon Agreement (1952), 467, 490
Little Bighorn, Battle of the, 226–27
Lloyd George, David, 311
Lockwood, Charles A., 428
Lodge, Henry Cabot, 280, 539
Logan, John A., 162
Logistical support, 76, 219
in American Revolution, 49, 55–57, 64–65
in Civil War, 143–44, 150, 152, 153, 163, 166, 195, 201–205, 210
in Gulf War, 596–97, 600
in Iraq War, 656, 659–60, 667–68
in Korean War, 457–58, 469–70
in Mexican War, 130, 134–35
in Spanish-American War, 256, 258–59, 263–66, 269–70
in Vietnam War, 518–19, 520–21, 524–25, 557
in War of 1812, 96
in World War I, 315, 316, 324, 325, 328, 331, 335–336
in World War II, 373, 397, 401, 402, 405, 416, 420–27
London Conference of 1930, 351
Long, John D., 254–56, 287
Longstreet, James, 174, 175, 178, 192, 193, 197
Long Term Defense Program, 574
Lord Dunmore’s War, 70–71
Loudoun, Lord, 37, 40, 41, 42, 43
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br /> Louisbourg, 31–34, 37, 38, 41
Louisiana Purchase, 126
Lovett, Robert A., 461, 497
Luce, Stephen B., 242, 245, 246, 255
Ludendorff, Erich, 310, 323, 330, 334
Luftwaffe, 392, 402, 403, 410–15
Lukban, Vicente, 279
Luna, Antonio, 274
Lundy’s Lane, Battle of, 103, 134
Lusitania incident, 304, 310
Luzon, 434–35
Lyon, Nathaniel, 157
M–1 tank, 574
M–16 rifles, 527, 549
MacArthur, Arthur, 277–79
MacArthur, Douglas, 356–58, 576
in Korean War, 457–60
modernization and, 359, 361
Protective Mobilization Plan, 356
in World War II, 374, 375, 379, 380, 381, 396, 397, 399, 407–408, 415–19, 431, 434, 435, 439
Macdonough, Thomas, 103
Machine guns, 297–98, 317, 335, 336, 422
Macomb, Alexander, 102, 103
Maddox, 516
Madison, James, 81, 95–97, 106, 108–110
MAGIC, 391
Mahan, Alfred Thayer, 242, 245–47, 251, 255
Mahan, Dennis Hart, 117–19, 245
Maine, 252, 253
Main Line of Resistance (MLR), 473, 474
Mallory, Stephen R., 198, 199
Malvar, Miguel, 276, 279
Malvern Hill, Battle of, 173
Manassas Junction, 156, 174
Manhattan Island, 60, 61, 62
Manhattan Project, 437–38
Manifest Destiny, 108, 128, 129, 141, 236, 246
Manila, 261, 265, 267, 273, 275, 303, 434–35
“Many Flags” program, 527
Mao Zedong, 443, 455, 473, 510
March, Peyton C., 324, 327
Marcy, William L., 135
Marianas, 267, 340, 399, 406, 417–20, 431
Marine Corps, 91, 252, 285, 290, 300–302, 309, 353–54, 365, 447–50, 462, 495, 502, 581, 582, 587, 609, 683, 684
in Afghanistan, 640–45, 675–78
in Grenada, 583
in Gulf War, 597–605
in Iraq, 654–60, 663–68
in Korean War, 457–60, 468, 471
in Somalia, 614–16
in Vietnam, 522, 526, 529, 530, 533, 539–43, 560, 561
in World War I, 322, 328–29
in World War II, 375, 382–84, 397, 407, 416–19, 435, 437
Marion, Francis, 68
Maritime Commission, 388
MARKET-GARDEN, 425
MARKET TIME, 534–35, 554
Marshall, George C., 370, 380, 405, 407, 409, 445, 460, 461, 465
Marshall Islands, 340, 406, 417
Marshall Plan, 443
Martin, Josiah, 51
Marye’s Heights, 178–79, 191
Mason, John, 15
Massasoit, 16
Massive retaliation, 482, 484, 491, 499, 500
Massoud, Ahmad Shah, 625, 631
Matchlock musket, 3–4
MATTERHORN, 408, 431
Maumee River, 85–86
Maxim, Hiram, 297, 298
Maximilian, Archduke of Austria, 221
Mazar-e-Sharif, 643