Book Read Free

The Great Railroad Revolution

Page 50

by Christian Wolmar


  stockyards, 255, 302

  and Transcontinental railroad, 153, 155

  Tremont House Hotel, 182

  Chicago, Aurora & Elgin Railroad, 335

  Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad (Burlington), 70, 168–169, 171–172, 199, 246–247, 305, 335, 349

  gas-engine trials, 310

  prestige services, 310–312, 325, 328

  Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Railroad (Milwaukee Road), 236, 287

  Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad, 70, 204

  Chicago & Alton Railroad, 71, 183–184, 250

  Chicago Great Western Railroad, 310

  Chickamauga, Battle of, 103, 113, 114

  Chief, 313

  Chimneys, bulbous, 43, 144

  Chinese laborers, 141, 142, 143, 144–145, 146, 150, 151, 160, 162, 177

  Chisholm Trail, 148

  Cincinnati Daily Chronicle, 89

  Cinders, 75, 144, 278, 287

  Circuses, 227

  City of Portland, 312

  Civil War, US, 89–119, 290

  bridge destruction, 106, 109, 110, 112

  death toll, 118

  railway destruction, 104–106, 109–112, 114–115

  and railway expansion, 121–124

  railway raids, 109–112

  root causes, 95–96

  and Southern railways, 90–94, 99–105, 111–113, 115, 122–123

  and train robberies, 202–203

  Class I railroads, 349–350

  Cleveland, Grover, 236

  Cleveland, Painesville & Ashtabula Railroad, 122

  Cody, “Buffalo Bill,” 169

  Coffin, Lorenzo, 198–200, 206

  Colfax, Schuyler, 157–158

  Commuter services, 211, 275–279, 299, 329–330, 335, 345, 350–351, 352–354

  Conductors, 79–80, 229, 326, 329

  Conrail, 348–349

  Constitution, US, 11, 32, 304

  Construction companies, 38

  Convict labor. See under Labor

  Cooke, Jay, 177

  Cooper, Peter, 21–22, 41

  Corbin, Austin, 277

  Corinne, Utah, 143

  “Cornfield meets,” 194–196

  Corning, Erastus, 67

  Corpses, 188

  County, Albert J., 297

  Cowboys, 148–149, 173, 179

  Cowcatchers, 41–42, 43, 82

  Crane’s Patent Pile Driving Machine, 59

  Crédit Mobilier of America, xxiii, 136

  Crocker, Alvah, 166

  Crocker, Charles, 131–133, 141–142, 144, 147, 151–152

  CSX, 349, 350

  Cugnot, Nicolas, 14

  Cullom, Shelby, 256–257

  Cumberland Valley Railroad, 181, 213

  Cummins, Albert, 295–296

  Curr, John, 3

  Dalton gang, 202

  Daniels, George, 265, 269

  Darrow, Clarence, 237

  Davis, Jefferson, 95, 97, 99, 100, 102, 117

  De Luxe, 301

  Debs, Eugene, 235–236, 237, 246

  Declaration of Independence, US, 1

  Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad, 268

  Delaware & Hudson Canal, 17, 56

  Delaware & Hudson Railroad, 20

  Delmonico, 189

  Denver & Rio Grande Railroad, 173, 174, 221

  Denver Zephyr, 312

  Derailments, 42, 43, 75, 80–81, 81–82, 110, 161, 192, 193, 195, 196, 206, 247, 256, 323

  and Native Americans, 149–150

  and robberies, 202–203

  See also Accidents

  Dexter, Samuel, 125

  Dey, Peter, 137–138

  Dickens, Charles, 73–74, 75–79, 207

  Diesel, Rudolf, 310

  Diesel locomotives, 297–298, 309–314, 316, 317–318, 324–327. See also Locomotive technology

  Dining cars, 188–190. See also Carriages

  Dix, John, 135

  Dodge, Grenville, 138, 141, 143, 146, 147, 148, 151, 152, 157

  Dodge City, 173, 179

  Domeliners, 328

  Double-manning, 325–326

  Douglas, George H., 53, 78–79, 82, 105, 111, 156–157, 179, 194, 207, 318, 324, 342, 353

  Douglas, Stephen A., 31, 85

  Dowd, C. F., 219

  Drew, Daniel, xxv, 238, 239–240, 241, 242–243, 244, 249, 259

  Dripps, Isaac, 41–42, 44

  Dubai, 357

  Dunkirk, New York, 57, 125

  Durant, Thomas, xxiii, 134–138, 147, 151–152, 155, 156, 157, 176, 224, 244

  Dynamite, 159

  Eastern Railroad (Massachusetts), 77

  Edginton, Edward, 169

  Edwards, John Newman, 204–205

  Effie Aflon, 86

  Eisenhower, Dwight D., 304, 332

  Electric Air Line Railroad, 282–283

  Electrification, 46, 274–275, 285, 286–288, 297, 299–300, 309, 310, 324. See also Locomotive technology

  Elevated railways, 244, 273, 278–279

  Elmira Branch, 333

  Emergency cords, 80, 203

  Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 51

  Eminent domain, grants of, 26–30, 47

  Empire Builder, 328–329

  Empire State Express, 264

  Enterprise, 7

  Erie & Northeast Railroad, 61

  Erie Canal, 8, 19, 23, 53, 67, 69, 182

  Erie Railroad, 18, 30, 68, 70, 80, 85, 168, 181, 191, 335

  and Civil War, 90, 105, 121–122

  and Conrail, 348–349

  construction, 53–65

  “Erie War,” 239–244

  financial difficulties, 53–55, 58–59, 308, 323

  laborers, 55–56 (see also Labor)

  New York terminals, 58

  piling experiment, 46, 59, 63

  and railway barons, 239–244, 247, 249

  and telegraph, 63–65

  track gauge, 59–62, 201

  and Van Sweringen brothers, 299

  workforce and management, 229–230

  European railways, 159

  Euston Station, 14, 286

  Evans, Chris, 205

  Evans, John, 147, 148

  Factory production, 228

  Farmers. See Granger movement

  Farmers’ Alliance, 257

  Farrer, T. C., 264–265

  Fast Flying Virginian, 265

  Fencing, 42, 81–82, 191, 270

  Ffestiniog Railway, 174

  Field, Ben, 183

  Fillmore, Millard, 57

  First World War, 261, 269, 270, 288–292, 293–296, 321–322

  Fish, Stuyvesant, 249, 250

  Fisk, Jim, 157, 241–244, 247

  Fitch, John, 5

  Fitchburg Railroad, 166

  Flagler, Henry Morrison, 35, 225–226, 288, 302

  Flewellen Hospital, 116

  Florida East Coast Railroad, 225

  Florida Railroad, 103

  Ford Model T, 283, 284, 306

  Fort Laramie, Treaty of, 129

  Fort Sumter attack, 97, 98, 119

  Fosse Way, 2

  Fourth of July specials, 35

  Four-Track News, 269

  Foxwell, E., 264–265

  Franco-Prussian War, 171

  Franklin, Benjamin, 220

  Freight services, 82–83, 197, 198, 213–214, 300, 306, 307, 315–316, 319, 321–322, 322–323, 326, 327

  collapse and turnaround, 345–351, 355, 357–358

  competition with passenger services, 350

  French Revolution, 233

  Fuller, William, 109–111

  Fulton, Robert, 7

  Fulton Chain Railroad, 224

  Galena & Chicago Union Railroad, 69, 70

  Galton, Douglas, 47–48

  Garfield, James A., 157–158

  Garrett, Franklin, 118

  Garrett, John, 104

  Gas-engine locomotives, 310

  General, The, 110–111

  General Electric, 286
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  General Motors, 310, 311, 330–331

  George, Henry, 252–253

  Georgia Central Railroad, 195

  Georgia Railroad, 49, 93

  Gettysburg, Battle of, 108

  Glacier National Park, 270

  Gordon, Sarah H., 19, 30, 78, 79, 89, 99, 163, 165, 217, 355

  Gould, George, 259

  Gould, Jay, xxv, 188, 234–235, 238, 241–244, 246, 247, 250–251, 259, 278

  Grand Canyon, 270

  Grand Crossing intersection, 194

  Grand Trunk Railroad, 287

  Granger movement, 255, 256, 257, 272

  Granger railways, 70–71, 168, 346–347

  Granite Railroad, 17

  Grant, Cary, 266

  Grant, Ulysses S., 113, 151

  Grasse River Railroad, 224

  Grasshoppers, 169

  Great Chatsworth Train Wreck, 256

  Great Depression, 302, 303, 306, 308–309, 314, 316, 317, 322

  Great Northern Railroad, 177, 178, 235, 246, 249–250, 270, 272, 287, 288, 300, 301–302, 316

  Great Southern Mail Route, 162

  Great Southwest Railroad strike, 234

  Great Wall of China, 141

  Great Western Railway, 59–60, 219

  Greeks, ancient, 2

  Greenwood & Augusta Railroad, 164

  Greyhound Lines, 303

  Grierson, Benjamin, 111

  Groundhog Days, 276

  Gunpowder, 38, 55, 139, 142, 167

  Guns, railway-mounted, 116

  Hamilton, Alexander, 62

  Harding, Warren, 307

  Harnden, William F., 82–83

  Harpers Ferry, 94–95, 109

  Harriman, Edward, 248–250

  Harrison, Benjamin, 200

  Hartford & New Haven Railroad, 167

  Harvey, Fred, 209

  Haupt, Herman, 66, 105–109, 112, 114, 117, 166, 290

  Havana Special, 226

  Hayes, Rutherford, 234

  Hayne, Robert, 91

  Hearst, William Randolph, 237

  Hell on Wheels towns, 143, 148, 179

  Hemingway, Ernest, 226

  High-speed rail, 351–352, 359

  Hill, James J., 177, 235, 246, 272, 300

  Hoboes, 205–206, 317–318

  Holbrook, Stewart H., 20, 22, 34, 56, 57, 66–67, 82, 111, 199, 205, 219, 220

  Holliday, Doc, 173

  Homestead Act, 130

  Hood, John, 114

  Hoosac Tunnel, 165–167, 287

  Hopkins, Mark, 131

  Horse Soldiers, The (film), 111

  Horseshoe Curve, 66, 105

  Hospital trains and ambulance, 115

  Housatonic Railroad, 83

  Hoxie, Herbert, 137

  Hudson River Railroad, 85, 240

  Hudson tunnels, 287

  Humming Bird, 335

  Huntington, Collis P., 131, 151, 250

  Huntington, Henry E., 282

  Hurricane Agnes, 333–334, 338

  ICC. See Interstate Commerce Commission

  Illinois & Michigan Canal, 69

  Illinois Central Railroad, 39, 85, 87, 117, 168, 249, 250, 299, 353

  Immigrants, 169–173, 206–208. See also under Labor

  Indian railways, 74

  Indian wars, 147–150

  Indiana Central Railroad, 113

  Indianapolis, Crawfordsville & Western Railroad, 282

  International News Reel Company, 315

  Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC), xxvi, 199, 212, 248, 257, 259, 262, 271–272, 348, 356

  and “Big John” case, 346–347

  and First World War, 288, 289, 290, 292

  and interwar period, 295–297, 299, 305–306, 317

  and railway closures, 334–335, 339, 342

  Interurban railways, 280–284, 330

  Irish laborers, 55–56, 139, 141, 151–152, 160. See also Immigrants

  Iron imports, 33

  Jackson, Nelson, 303

  Jackson, Thomas “Stonewall,” 101, 104

  Jacksonville, St. Augustine & Halifax Railroad, 225

  James-Younger gang, 202, 203–204

  Janney, Eli, 197, 198, 200

  Japan, 315, 357

  Jefferson, Thomas, 62

  Jeffersonville, Madison & Indianapolis Railroad, 113, 203

  Jensen, Oliver, 224

  Jessop, William, 4

  John Bull, 41, 43

  Johnson, Andrew, 141, 151

  Johnson, Lyndon B., 326, 336, 341

  Johnston, Joseph, 101

  Judah, Theodore, xxiii, 128, 130–132, 134–135, 137

  Julesburg, Colorado, 143

  Kansas City Times, 204

  Kansas Pacific Railroad, 148–149

  Keaton, Buster, 110–111

  Kelley, Oliver, 253, 254

  Kemble, Fanny, 74

  Kentwood & Eastern Railroad, 317

  King, William, 85

  Klondike gold rush, 307

  Knights of Labor, 234

  Kornweibel, Theodore, Jr., 39–40, 123, 164, 186

  Labor, 38–40, 159–160

  convict labor, 38, 39, 164–165, 225

  immigrant labor, 38, 39, 40, 160 (see also Immigrants; Irish laborers)

  slave labor, 22, 25, 38, 39–40, 47, 91, 94–96, 102, 123, 163–164

  and Transcontinental railroad, 139–149, 143–144, 146, 150–152

  Labor unions, xxv, 231–238, 251, 262, 288, 322, 325–326, 329, 336

  Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad, 168, 194

  Lamps, kerosene, 81

  Lancaster Turnpike, 11

  Land grants, xxii, xxiii, xxiv, 33, 35, 85, 96, 129, 135, 144, 148, 175, 177

  Laramie, Wyoming, 143

  Lee, Robert E., 95, 108, 116

  Lehigh Valley Railroad, 256, 334, 338, 348

  Level crossings, 42, 47–48, 192, 311

  Lewis, Isaac, 64

  Lewis, Roger, 342

  Lincoln, Abraham

  and Civil War, 96–100, 105, 106, 113, 122

  funeral cortège, 183–184

  and Rock Island incident, 86–87

  and Transcontinental railroad, xxiii, 128, 130, 135, 138, 201

  Lindbergh, Charles, 315

  Little Schuylkill Navigation, Railroad, and Coal Company, 23

  Liverpool & Manchester Railway, 16, 18, 59, 74

  Loading gauges, 44, 183. See also Track gauge

  Locomotion, 16

  Locomotive technology, 13–17, 20–21, 40–46, 196–198, 297–298, 327. See also Diesel locomotives; Electrification

  Loder, Benjamin, 55, 57

  London Underground, 278, 285

  Long Island Rail Road, 35, 277–278, 285, 287, 329–330, 345, 358

  Longstreet, James, 113

  Lookout points, 78

  Los Angeles, 175, 176, 281–282, 330–331, 352, 354

  Louis XIV, King, 4

  Louisville & Nashville Railroad, 87, 93, 111–112, 114, 162, 204, 335

  Lucin Cutoff, 288

  Luxury and prestige services. See under Railway Travel

  Lykens Valley Colliery, 286

  Madison Southern Railway, 317

  Mail-order brides, 172

  Mail-order goods, xxv, 218

  Maine Central Railroad, 334

  Manassas Gap Railroad, 101–102

  Manhattan Railway, 278

  Mansfield, Josie, 244

  Mark Twain Zephyr, 312

  Martin, Albro, 12, 56, 259, 290, 335

  Martineau, Harriet, 75

  Martinsburg Raid, 104

  Masterson, William Barclay “Bat,” 173

  Mauch Chunk, Pennsylvania, 17

  McAdoo, William, 291

  McCallum, Daniel, 105, 106–107, 117–118, 230–231

  McClellan, George, 106

  McClellan, Jim, 343

  McDowell, Irvin, 101

  Mees, Paul, 331

  Mencken, H. L., 323

  Mennonites, 171–172

  Metr
oliner trains, 341

  Mexican-American War, 89–90

  Michigan Central Railroad, 70, 82, 122, 194, 245

  Military Railway Service, 322

  Militias, 173, 233–234

  Miller, Alexander, 283

  Miller, Ezra, 197, 222

  “Millionaire’s Express,” 277

  Milwaukee Road. See Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Railroad

  Mine Hill & Schuylkill Haven Railroad, 49

  Minneapolis & St. Louis Railroad, 189, 334

  Minor, D. Kimball, 154

  Minot, Charles, 63–64, 65

  Mississippi & Missouri Railroad, 134–135

  Missouri Pacific Railroad, 234, 308

  Mitchel, Ormsby, 109

  Mobile & Ohio Railroad, 85, 87, 162

  Mohawk & Hudson Railroad, 23, 44, 60, 67

  Monster, 44

  Mont Cenis Tunnel, 166

  Morgan, David P., 330, 334

  Morgan, John, 111–112

  Morgan, John Pierpont, 188, 224, 246–248, 259, 260

  Mormons, 146–147, 151

  Morse code, 65

  Mountfield, David, 246

  Mussel Slough tragedy, 253

  Narragansett Pier Railroad, 210

  Narrow-gauge railways, 174

  Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad, 113–114

  National City Lines, 330–331

  National Road, 12

  Native Americans, 171, 217, 270

  attacks from, 147–150, 154, 202

  and land issues, 37, 54, 127, 128–129, 179–180

  New Deal, 308

  New Haven Rail Road, 194, 210, 336, 341

  New Jersey Railroad Company, 17

  New Orleans, 7

  New York, Chicago & St. Louis Railroad (Nickel Plate Road), 298

  New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, 167, 286

  New York, West Shore & Buffalo Railroad, 248

  New York & Harlem Railroad, 23, 52, 58, 240, 241, 274

  New York & New Haven Railroad, 167

  New York Central Railroad, 70–71, 168, 219, 270, 298, 333

  and Civil War, 121–122

  construction, 47, 66–67, 67–68

  electrification, 286–287

  financial difficulties and merger, 286, 308, 335–337

  and First World War, 292

  and interurban railways, 283–284

  prestige services, 264–267, 308

  and Vanderbilt takeover, 182, 238, 240–241, 244, 248

  New York City

  elevated railways, 244, 273, 278–279

  Erie Railroad terminals, 58

  Grand Central Station, 245, 286–287, 358

  Grand Opera House, 244

  health and public transport, 358

  Penn Station, 260, 285, 358

  railway electrification, 286–288

  Staten Island ferry, 240

  and Transcontinental railroad, 153

  New York State, 30–31, 54–55, 59–60, 68, 192, 286–287, 330, 345

  New York Sun, 157

  New York Times, 167–168

  New York Tribune, 83

  Newcomen, Thomas, 5

  News butchers, 74, 207

  Newton’s Station, Mississippi, 111

  Niagara Falls, 256, 270

 

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