The Lost Tribe of Coney Island

by Claire Prentice

  39. Ibid.

  40. Ibid.

  41. NARA RG 350-9640.

  42. The Independent, October 5, 1905.

  Bibliography

  The source materials I consulted to write this book filled many boxes, bookshelves, and filing cabinets. I read thousands of newspaper articles and trawled through vital records and genealogical databases across America, the Philippines, and Europe. Below is a selection of the materials that were of most value to my research.

  Archival Sources

  Beals, Jessie Tarbox, Photographs from the Philippine Reservation at the St. Louis Exposition, American Museum of Natural History, New York.

  Coney Island Folders. Villages and Sections. Milstein Division, New York Public Library (NYPL).

  Dinwiddie, William. Papers, 1898–1905. Two boxes. US Army Heritage and Education Center.

  Elsa W. Hunt vs. Truman K. Hunt Divorce Papers, New York County Court Archives, New York Supreme Court, County Court of New York.

  Folders: Dundy, Elmer S. Billy Rose Theater Division, NYPL.

  Folders: Gumpertz, Samuel. Billy Rose Theater Division, NYPL.

  Folders: Thompson & Dundy, Billy Rose Theater Division, NYPL.

  Folders: Thompson, Fred, Billy Rose Theater Division, NYPL.

  Folders: Thompson, Frederic, Billy Rose Theater Division, NYPL.

  King, Naomi. Diary, January 1899. Manuscripts Division, NYPL.

  Oceania Collection, The University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.

  Philippines Diary of Simeon A. Villa, sub-inspector of military hospitals, 1899–1901. Translated by American Lieutenant J. C. Hixon. Manuscripts Division, NYPL.

  Record Group 350, Records of the Bureau of Insular Affairs, National Archives and Records Administration at College Park, MD.

  Schneidewind, Richard. Papers, 1899–1914, Michigan Historical Collections, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan.

  The Lewis and Clark Exposition Collection, Manuscripts Division, Oregon Historical Society.

  The Robinson Locke Collection: Frederic Thompson; Thompson & Dundy. Billy Rose Theater Division, NYPL.

  Truman Hunt Military Pension Application File and Compiled Military Service File, the National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC.

  Welling, Richard. Papers, ca. 1876–1946, Manuscripts Division, NYPL.

  Worcester, Dean C. Papers 1834–1915, Museum of Anthropology and Special Collections Library, University of Michigan.

  Worcester, Dean C. Photographic Collection 1890–1913, Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan.

  Wotherspoon, George. Papers. Billy Rose Theater Division, NYPL, Boxes 1, 2, 3.

  Books

  Adams, Judith A. The American Amusement Park Industry: A History of Technology and Thrills. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1991.

  Alter, Judy. Amusement Parks: Roller Coasters, Ferris Wheels, and Cotton Candy. New York: Franklin Watts, 1997.

  Andrews, E. Benjamin. History of the United States from the Earliest Discovery of America to the Present Time, vol. 5. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1912.

  Barton, R. F. The Half-way Sun: Life Among the Headhunters of the Philippines. New York: Brewer and Warren Inc., 1930.

  Berman, John S. Portraits of America: Coney Island. New York: Barnes & Noble, 2003.

  Blount, James H. The American Occupation of the Philippines, 1898–1912. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1912.

  Breitbart, Eric. A World on Display: Photographs from the St. Louis World’s Fair, 1904. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico, 1997.

  Byron, Joseph. New York Interiors at the Turn of the Century. New York: Dover Publications, Inc. 1976.

  Clapp, Walter Clayton. A Vocabulary of Igorot Language as Spoken by the Bontok Igorots: Igorot-English and English-Igorot. Manila: Bureau of Printing, 1908.

  Cudahy, Brian J. How We Got to Coney Island: The Development of Mass Transportation in Brooklyn and Kings County. New York: Fordham University Press, 2002.

  Cunningham, Joseph and Leonard De Hart. A History of the New York City Subway System. New York: J. Schmidt, R. Giglio, and K. Lang, 1993.

  Dauncey, Mrs. Campbell. An Englishwoman in the Philippines. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., 1906.

  Denson, Charles. Coney Island and Astroland. Mount Pleasant, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2011.

  Denson, Charles. Coney Island: Lost and Found. Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press, 2004.

  Ellis, Edward Robb. The Epic of New York City: A Narrative History. New York: Basic Books, 1990.

  Fermin, Jose D. 1904 World’s Fair: The Filipino Experience. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press/Infinity Publishing, 2004.

  Freer, William B. The Philippine Experiences of an American Teacher: A Narrative of Work and Travel in the Philippine Islands. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1906.

  Garland-Thomson, Rosemarie, ed. Freakery: Cultural Spectacles of the Extraordinary Body. New York: New York University Press, 1996.

  Go, Julian and Anne L. Foster, eds., The American Colonial State in the Philippines: Global Perspectives. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2003.

  Go, Julian. Empire and the Politics of Meaning: Elite Political Cultures in the Philippines and Puerto Rico during U.S. Colonialism. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2008.

  Greller, James Clifford and Edward Watson. Brooklyn Trolleys. New Jersey: NJ International, 1985.

  Greller, James Clifford. Brooklyn Trolley Cars from the BRT to the B&QT. New Jersey: Xplorer Press Inc, 2011.

  Holt, Hamilton, ed. The Life Stories of Undistinguished Americans as Told by Themselves. New York: Routledge, 2000.

  Homberger, Eric. The Historical Atlas of New York City: A Visual Celebration of 400 Years of New York City’s History. New York: Holt Paperbacks, 2nd edition, 2005.

  Ierardi, Eric, J. Gravesend Brooklyn: Coney Island and Sheepshead Bay. Mount Pleasant, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 1996.

  Immerso, Michael. Coney Island: The People’s Playground. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2002.

  Jackson, Kenneth T. The Encyclopedia of New York City. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1995.

  Jenks, Albert Ernest. The Bontoc Igorot. Manila: Bureau of Public Printing, 1905.

  Jenks, Maud Huntley. Death Stalks the Philippine Wilds: Letters of Maud Huntley Jenks. Minneapolis: The Lund Press Inc., 1951.

  Kasson, John F. Amusing the Million: Coney Island at the Turn of the Century. New York: Hill and Wang, 1978.

  Kramer, Frederick A. Across New York by Trolley. New York: Quadrant Press, 1975.

  Kramer, Paul A. The Blood of Government: Race, Empire, the United States & the Philippines. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006.

  Lowenstein, M. J. The Official Guide to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition at the City of St. Louis, State of Missouri, April 30 to December 1, 1904. St. Louis: Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company, 1904.

  McCauley, Clay. A Day in the Very Noble City, Manila: A Lecture (1899). Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing, 2008.

  McCullough, Edo. Good Old Coney Island. New York: Fordham University Press, 1999.

  Official Catalogue: Philippine Exhibits. St. Louis: Official Catalogue Company, 1904.

  Official Handbook of the Philippines and Catalogue of the Philippine Exhibit in Two Volumes. Manila: Bureau of Public Printing, 1903.

  Parezo, Nancy J. and Don D. Fowler. Anthropology Goes to the Fair: The 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2007.

  Peiss, Kathy. Cheap Amusements: Working Women and Leisure in Turn-of-the-Century New York. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986.

  Pilapil, Virgilio R. Touring the Legacy of the 1904 St. Louis World’s Fair: With Special Attention to the Philippine Exhibit. Springfield, IL: The House of Isidoro Press, 2004.

  Pilat, Oliver and Jo Ranson. Sodom by the Sea: An Affectionate History of Coney Island. New York: Doubleday, Doran & Co., 1941.

  Register, Woody. The Kid of Coney Isl
and: Fred Thompson and the Rise of American Amusements. New York: Oxford University Press USA, 2003.

  Reiss, Marcia. Brooklyn Then and Now. San Diego: Thunder Bay Press, 2002.

  Reports of the U.S. Philippine Commission to the Secretary of War, 1901–1909. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1901–1909.

  Rydell, Robert W. All the World’s a Fair: Visions of Empire at American International Expositions, 1876–1916. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984.

  Sally, Lynn Kathleen. Fighting the Flames: The Spectacular Performance of Fire at Coney Island. New York: Routledge, 2006.

  Sansone, Gene. New York Subways: An Illustrated History of New York City’s Transit Cars. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 2004.

  Schroeder Jr., Joseph J., ed. Sears, Roebuck and Co. Consumers Guide Fall 1900, Catalogue no. 110. Chicago: DBI Books, Inc., 1970.

  Seidenadel, Dr. Carl Wilhelm. The First Grammar of the Language Spoken by the Bontoc Igorot, with a Vocabulary and Texts. Chicago: The Open Court Publishing Company, 1909.

  Snow, Richard. Coney Island: A Postcard Journey to the City of Fire. New York: Brightwaters Press, 1989.

  Solomon, Prof. Coney Island. Baltimore: Top Hat Press, 1999.

  Sonderman, Joe. St. Louis: The 1904 World’s Fair. Mount Pleasant, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 2008.

  Stein, Harvey. Coney Island. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1998.

  Tompkins, Vincent. American Decades 1900–1909. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group 1996.

  Trager, James. The New York Chronology: The Ultimate Compendium of Events, People, and Anecdotes From the Dutch to the Present. New York: Collins Reference, 2003.

  U.S. Bureau of the Census. Census of the Philippine Islands, 1903. 4 vols. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1905.

  Vaughn, Christopher A. “Ogling Igorots: The politics and commerce of exhibiting cultural otherness, 1898–1913,” in Freakery: Cultural Spectacles of the Extraordinary Body, ed. Rosemarie Garland Thomson, 219–33. New York: New York University Press, 1996.

  Vergara, Benito M. Displaying Filipinos: Photography and colonialism in early 20th century Philippines. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press, 1995.

  Who’s Who in Tennessee: A Biographical Reference Book of Notable Tennesseans of Today. Memphis: Paul & Douglass Co., Publishers, 1911.

  Worcester, Dean C. The Philippine Islands and Their People. New York: Macmillan, 1899.

  Worcester, Dean C. The Philippines, Past and Present. Ed. R. Hayden. New edition in one volume. New York: Macmillan, 1930. First published in 1914.

  Journal Articles and Reports

  Afable, Patricia, “The Exhibition of Cordillerans in the United States in the Early 1900s.” Igorot Quarterly 6, no. 2 (1997): 19–22.

  Afable, Patricia. “ ‘Nikimalika,’ the ‘Igorrotes’ of the Early Twentieth Century Fairs: A Chronology and Name Lists.” Igorot Quarterly 9, no. 4 (2000): 18–31.

  Afable, Patricia, “Journeys from Bontoc to the Western Fairs, 1904–1915: The ‘Nikimalika’ and their Interpreters,” Philippine Studies 52, no. 4 (2004): 445–473.

  Civic Affairs, Souvenir Courthouse Edition, Memphis: March 1910.

  Fawcett, Waldon. “Henry W. Goode: The Electrical Engineer Now President of the Lewis and Clark Exposition.” American Illustrated Magazine 60, no. 6 (Oct 1905): 678–681.

  Folkmar, Daniel. “The Administration of a Philippine Province.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 30 (July 1907): 115–122.

  “Hippodrome for London is Next.” New York Telegraph, February 14, 1906.

  “Homage to Thompson.” Billboard, September 18, 1915.

  “The Igorrote Tribe from the Philippines,” Lewis & Clark Journal, October, 1905, The Oregon Historical Society.

  Jenks, Albert Ernest. “Building a Province,” The Outlook (May 21, 1904): 170–176.

  Kauffman, Reginald Wright. “Why Is Coney? A Study of the Wonderful Playground and the Men that Made It.” Hampton’s Magazine 23, no. 2 (August 1, 1909): 215–224.

  “Luna Park in Trouble.” Billboard, October 22, 1910.

  Mathé, Barbara. “Jessie Tarbox Beals’ Photographs for the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition.” VRA Bulletin 23, no. 4 (Winter 1996): 53–61.

  Mendoza, Victor Roman. “Little Brown Students and the Homoerotics of White Love,” Asian American Subgenres: 1853–1941. Ed. Hsuan Hsu. Spec. double issue of Genre: Forms of Discourse and Culture 39, no. 4 (winter 2006): 65–83.

  Newell, Alfred C. “The Philippine Peoples.” World’s Work 8, no. 4 (August 1904): 5128–5145.

  “New York Hippodrome Under New Regime.” Billboard, September 8, 1906.

  Paine, Albert Bigelow. “The New Coney Island.” The Century Magazine (August 1904): 528–538.

  Rice, Dr. Mark. “Dean Worcester’s Photographs and American Perceptions of the Philippines.” Education About Asia 16, no. 2 (2011): 29–33.

  Rice, Dr. Mark. “His Name Was Don Francisco Muro: Reconstructing an Image of American Imperialism,” American Quarterly 62, no. 1 (March 2010): 49–76, 193.

  “Samuel Gumpertz—Superlative Showman.” Billboard, April 29, 1933.

  “Views of an Igorrote Chief.” The Independent 59, no. 2 (October 5, 1905): 779–785.

  Wiltse, H. M. “Igorrote Marriage Customs.” The Journal of American Folklore 14 (July 1, 1901): 204–205.

  Winter, Frank H. and Randy Liebermann. “A Trip to the Moon.” Air and Space (October/November, 1994).

  Worcester, Dean C. “Head-hunters of Northern Luzon,” National Geographic 23, no. 9 (September 1912): 833–842.

  Worcester, Dean C. Ninth Annual Report of the Secretary of the Interior to the Philippine Commission for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1910. Manila: Bureau of Printing, 1910.

  Worcester, Dean C. “The Non-Christian Peoples of the Philippine Islands,” National Geographic 24, no. 11 (November 1913): 1158–1194.

  Worcester, Dean C. Report of the Secretary of the Interior to the Philippine Commission for the Year Ending August 31, 1902. Manila: Bureau of Public Printing, 1902.

  Film on Video/DVD

  American Experience: Coney Island, directed by Ric Burns. New York: Steeplechase Films for PBS, 1991, DVD.

  Bontoc Eulogy, directed by Marlon Fuentes. New York: Cinema Guild, 1995, DVD.

  Cake Walk. New York: American Mutoscope and Biograph Company, 1903. Billy Rose Theater Division, New York Public Library, motion picture.

  Fighting the Flames, Dreamland. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1904. Billy Rose Theater Division, NYPL, motion picture.

  New York Subway 1905, directed by G. W. Bitzer. New York: American Mutoscope and Biograph, 1905, motion picture.

  Rube and Mandy at Coney Island, directed by Edwin S. Porter. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1903. Billy Rose Theater Division, NYPL, motion picture.

  Maps

  Bromley G. W. & Co. Atlas of the Borough of Brooklyn, City of New York: from actual surveys and official plans. Philadelphia: G. W. Bromley, 1907–1908, plate 29.

  Kings County Census Maps, Assembly District 7, 1905. New York Municipal Archive.

  Map of the Business District of New York, Brooklyn and Jersey City. Chicago: Rand McNally & Co., 1904. As reproduced by H & M Productions, 2000, in Twelve Historical New York City Street and Transit Maps (Volume II: from 1847–1939).

  Map of Mid to Lower Manhattan Showing the Rapid Transit Line. New York: Wanamaker Stores Maps, 1906. As reproduced by H & M Productions, 2000, in Twelve Historical New York City Street and Transit Maps (Volume II: from 1847–1939).

  New York South Part of the Borough of Manhattan. Printed for the Convention of the New England Water Works Association September, 1905. Buffalo, NY: Matthews, Northrup & Co., 1904.

  Passenger Department of the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad Company. Map of the Underground Railway of New York. G. H. Daniels, general passenger agent, 1905.

  Sanborn Map Company, New York. Insurance Maps of Memphis, Tennessee, 1
907, vol. 1: 4, 5, 15.

  Sanborn-Perris Company, New York. Insurance Maps of Memphis, Tennessee, 1897, vol. 1: 39.

  City Directories and Guides

  Coney Island. Portland, Maine: L. H. Nelson Company, 1905.

  Coney Island Souvenir & Traveler’s Guide. New York: Lain & Co. Publisher, 1892.

  Ennison, W. J. Souvenir Guide to Coney Island. New York: The Megaphone Press, 1905.

  Glimpses of the New Coney Island: America’s Most Popular Pleasure Resort. New York: Isaac H. Blanchard Company, 1904.

  Hall, John D. Banner Guide, Excursion Book and Directory for New York City and Vicinity. New York: J. D. Hall, 1905.

  History of Coney Island. New York: Burroughs & Co., 1904.

  Ingersoll, Ernest. Handy Guide to New York City. Chicago: Rand McNally & Company, 1905.

  Memphis City Directory 1906. Memphis, Tennessee: R.L. Polk & Co., 1906.

  New York Standard Guide. New York: Foster & Reynolds Publishers, 1904.

  New York Standard Guide. New York: Foster & Reynolds Publishers, 1906.

  Staley, Frank W. Views of Coney Island. New York: Charles Francis Press, 1908.

  The 5 Cent Guide and Street Directory of New York City. New York: W. H. Smith, 1903.

  The Tourist’s Handbook of New York. New York: The Historical Press, 1905.

  Views of Coney Island. Portland, ME: L. H. Nelson, 1905.

  Views of Coney Island. Portland, ME: L. H. Nelson, 1907.

  Illustration Credits

  vii Brooklyn Historical Society V1986.24.1.29

  xi The American Occupation of the Philippines, 1898–1912 by J. H. Blount. G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1913.

  xii–xiii NYPL, Maps Division, Record no. b13995708

  xix Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-ggbain-03959

  1 New York County Clerk, Division of Old Records, Elsa W. Hunt v. Truman K. Hunt, Equity Actions, Index Number GA-860/1908

  10 Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-USZ62-107899

  21 Courtesy of Ian Boyle

  40 The Seattle Sunday Times

  57 Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-det-4a30339

  67 The New York Daily Tribune

  82 The Independent

  88 Brooklyn Historical Society, V1974.22.6.6