The Lost Tribe of Coney Island
Page 42
Else/bigamy charges and, 127, 143
family in Kentucky and, 93–94, 125, 128, 143
gifts from Truman, 94, 125–26
Hunts’ stay with Wilkins, 65, 93, 94
Leo’s care/finances and, 332–34, 334–35
meeting/marrying Truman, 15, 41
name change on marrying Hunt, 15, 335–36
nights out with husband, 94–95, 118, 127
pregnancy (first) and, 94–95, 126, 130, 143
second marriage/family, 334–35, 335
sister (Catherine) and, 93–94, 128, 143
St. Louis Exposition and, 15
staying with family in Kentucky, 143, 146–47, 308
Truman visiting (1906), 200, 249
Truman visiting at family home, 146–47
Truman’s final years/death, 330–32
Truman’s time with, 93–94, 125–26, 127
wedding ceremonies (Truman), 135, 336
Hunt, Truman
after trials/Sallie, 308–10
alcohol consumption and, 197, 200, 204, 224, 227, 228, 229, 245, 249
background, xxiv, 4, 15–16, 128, 130, 279
canceling Lewis and Clark Exposition exhibit, 45–46
change in (overview), xxiv, xxv, xxvi
Cincinnati and, 201–2
description, xxiii–xxiv, 1, 14–15, 16, 26, 55, 97, 134, 200, 224, 227–29, 230–31, 238, 245, 248–49, 264, 266, 287
double booking and, 152
Elks lodges and, 92–93, 142, 146, 174, 182, 186
European tour plans, 95, 140
final years/death, 330–31
financial problems, 235, 238, 245, 267, 305
first wife (Myrtle), 15–16, 26, 53, 124, 128, 336
funeral/burial, 331–32
Hopkins deal, 106–8
Igorrotes’ attempted escape and, 175–76, 182
Memphis and, 138–40, 141, 142–46
mother on, 126
New York arrival, 58–59, 66
obligations with Igorrote deaths and, 172, 185, 186
photo, xxiii–xxiv, 1
as physician in Philippines, 4–5, 12, 179
portrayal of self, 56, 59, 160
positions in Philippines, 4, 5
promotion/interviews, 42–43, 44, 47, 55–56, 59–60, 143–46
Pucuan’s death/exploiting, 170, 171–72, 176
relationship with Igorrotes in Philippines, 4–5
Sallie’s family and, 128
script for Igorrotes and, 59
in Seattle/Blake Island, 42–44, 47, 49–50, 51
as spendthrift, 94, 118, 125–26, 127, 140, 153, 224, 267, 287, 289
splitting Igorrotes into groups, 138–39, 140–41, 147–48, 187
St. Louis Exposition (1904) and, 1, 5–6, 132, 151, 179, 180, 181
stealing from Igorrotes’ trunks, 273–74, 286–87
stealing Igorrotes’ money, 104, 150–52, 165–66, 168, 172, 173, 180, 201, 204–7, 217–18, 228, 231, 235, 289
story told to Dallas Morning News reporter, 153–58
timekeeping problems, 64–65
violence against Igorrotes, 204–7, 217
War Department permission/plan and, 44
See also Igorrotes in America/Hunt; and specific events; specific exhibits; specific locations
Hunt, Truman, and bigamy
bail/release, 133
charges/arrests, 123–24, 126–27, 131
divorce costs and, 135–36
Gumpertz and, 131, 133
Hunt v. Hunt, 134–37
newspapers/reporters and, 125, 127, 129, 133–34, 137
plans to get away, 130–31
release from jail 127
See also Hunt, Else
Hunt, Truman, and US government
arrests/bond releases, 252, 263–65
bond for taking Igorrotes and, 179–81, 183, 187, 230, 231, 232, 250–51
changed relationship with Igorrotes, 240
charges and court case against Barker, 255–63
correspondence with McIntyre, 185–87, 200–201
Deputy’s telegram to War Department, 159, 164, 179, 186
Elks connections and, 279, 293, 294–95, 296, 303, 304–5
embezzlement charges, 248, 252
government contract for taking Igorrotes, 180–81, 185, 187
Hunt as fugitive, 234–36, 238–39, 243–44, 306–10
keeping Igorrotes against their will, 162, 163–67, 168, 172, 173–76, 179, 185, 192, 196, 202, 203, 217, 218, 230, 259–60
kidnapping Igorrotes at Syracuse, 253–55, 253
Memphis imprisonment and court cases, 270, 278–95
New Orleans officer and, 182–84
not feeding Igorrotes, 240
objections to taking Igorrotes from Philippines, 20, 180, 181
obligations with Igorrote deaths and, 172, 185, 186
Sans Souci, Chicago exhibition and, 213–19, 221–32
stealing Igorrotes’ money and, 104, 150–52, 165–66, 168, 172, 173, 201, 204–7, 217–18, 228, 231, 235, 289
See also US government and Hunt; US government prosecution of Hunt, Memphis; and specific individuals
Hunt, Truman, and Igorrotes’ journey to America
arranging exhibitions, 26–27
finances/tickets and, 19–20, 22
Hunt’s journey to Manila, 11–13, 14–15, 16–17
in Manila, 18–20
permission/bond and, 19–20
selecting Igorrotes for trip, 1–4
train trip, 40–42
trip to Vancouver, 22–23, 26, 29, 30
Hunt v. Hunt, 134–37
Hunt v. Moody
accusations/testimonies, 159–62
Balinag and, 161, 162, 163
Court Commissioner Larimore and, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164
court findings, 163, 167
Hunt’s intentions and, 163–64
Igorrotes in court, 162–63
Igorrotes wanting to go home and, 162, 163–64
Ide, Henry Clay, 182
Igorrote Double Cross puzzle, 103
Igorrote exhibitions
calls for end, 272–73
continuing after Hunt, 317–18
Cuba and, 317, 324, 326
ending, 320
Europe and, 317, 319, 319–20, 322, 324, 326
wedding celebration (1909), 318
Western clothing and, 318
See also specific individuals; specific locations
Igorrote witnesses against Hunt
after trials, 302–3
Barker relationship, 267–68
Barker selecting, 248
bodies of dead Igorrotes and, 275
at Fort Sheridan army base, 271–72, 273–76
going home, 312–13
intimidation by Hunt associates, 295
list of, 262
at Riverview, 268–69
See also US government prosecution of Hunt, Memphis; and specific individuals
Igorrotes
age concept and, xxvi, 13, 27, 114
clothing/basket hats and, 2, 100–101, 115–16, 257–58
crime and, xxii, 283
dates concept/calendars, 27, 163–64, 202
description, xxii, 5, 7
diet (Philippines), 8, 10, 75, 112
eating dogs (in Philippines), 2, 51, 75, 100, 103
economy/agriculture, 1, 7, 73, 85
as forgotten in United States, xxv, 321
funeral/burial rituals, 51–52
hairstyles, 2
marriage (according to Hunt), 91, 156–57
ornaments, 2, 55, 58, 68, 89
photos at Coney Island (1905), vii, xix, 67, 82, 88
photos at Luna Park (1905), vii, 67, 82, 88
returning to Philippines, 251, 262, 272, 273–74, 313
sexual habits (according to Hunt), 91–92
smoking by, 1, 9, 58, 89, 161, 257, 260, 288
spiritual beliefs, 99–100, 121, 170–7
1, 282, 291
at St. Louis Exposition (1904), 1, 5–6, 7, 8, 42–43
sugarcane spirit and, 9
tattoos and, xx, 2, 27, 55, 58, 59, 68, 70–71, 79
tribal trials, 283
use of names, 298
village in Northern Luzon, 314
See also head-hunting by Igorrotes; Hunt, Truman; Schneidewind, Richard
Igorrotes in America
attack-on-dog stunt, 41–42
authorities banning dog killing, 50
in Chicago, 56
contract with Hunt and, 11, 163–64
dancing, 42, 47, 48, 49, 50, 80, 85, 90, 114–15, 157, 211–12, 292
dog eating and, xx, 40, 46–51, 75, 76, 79, 84, 85, 90–91, 103–4, 110, 112, 115, 149, 150, 154–55, 191, 232, 238–39, 279
escape attempt and, 173–76
Falino’s death and, 52–53
hiding money from Hunt, 166, 173, 197, 199–200, 274
homesickness/desire to go home, 163–67, 168, 172, 173–76, 192, 196, 202, 203, 217, 218, 230
Hunt kidnapping Syracuse Igorrotes, 253–55
Igorrotes’ names and, xxv–xxvi
New York arrival, 57–60, 63–64, 65–66
popularity/views on, 70–72, 80, 81, 102–4, 117–18
in Portland, 43–44
racism and, 115–16, 192–93, 202, 256
salary/earnings and, 7, 11, 73, 76, 118, 150–52, 165–66, 168, 172, 179, 315
Syracuse Igorrotes in court (July 1906), 253–55, 256–63, 256
train trip to New York, 55–56
as wards of US government, 111
wedding ceremonies (staged), 88–91, 215, 323
Western clothing and, xxii, 18, 23, 64, 100–101
See also Hunt, Truman; St. Louis Exposition (1904); and specific locations
Igorrotes’ journey to America
belongings taken, 8, 11
contracts and, 11, 163–64
in Hong Kong, 21, 22
in Manila, 16–18
Manila to Hong Kong, 22
medical inspectors in Vancouver, 29–30
music and, 25
recruitment/selection, 1–4, 7–8
steerage accommodations, 23–25
train trip, 40–42
trip to Vancouver, 21–30, 21
walk to Manila, 8, 10–15, 16–17
Western clothes and, 18, 23
Ilocanos, 16
Independent (journal), 97–103
Infant Incubator exhibit, Coney Island, 70, 120–21
Jenks, Albert Ernest, xxii, 155, 189, 209, 269
Jenks, Maud, 155
Johnson, Franklin O., 214–18
Jones Act (1916), 337
Judy (elephant) and trainer (Barlow), 82, 96–97
Kenner (inspector), 303, 304
Kentucky State Fair, 128, 147, 148
Killip, W. A., 321–22
Knight, Peter, 160
Kortrecht, Alexander Humphreys
background/description, 284
cases against Hunt, 284, 290, 293, 298, 300, 301, 302, 303
Labor World (newspaper), 310–11
Laguima (Igorrote), 88–91
Langasa (Igorrote), 96
language (of Bontoc Igorrotes) studies, 268–69, 316, 324
Larimore (court commissioner), 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164
Latimer, N. H., 53–54
law and Hunt. See Hunt, Truman, and US government; US government and Hunt
Lepanto, Philippines map, xi
Lewis and Clark Exposition, Portland, Oregon
Goode and, 43, 45
Hunt canceling Igorrote exhibit, 45–46
Hunt’s plan and, 26–27
Schneidewind and Igorrotes, 118
Lincoln, Abraham, 106, 200
Lumawig (Igorrote god), 90, 121
Luna Park
creation of, 61–62
description/attractions, 60, 62–63, 69–70, 105, 109
entrance, 105
map, xii–xiii
See also specific individuals
Luna Park and Hunt
American Humane Association and, 74, 75
Dreamland deal/double-crossing, 110, 111, 112
elephant-dog story, 96–97
on Igorrote customs, 71, 72, 75, 89, 90, 91–92
Igorrotes’ discontent and, 85–87
Independent (journal) and, 98, 99, 100–101
keeping Igorrotes in village, 86–87
rehearsing/instructing Igorrotes’ behavior, 73–75
stealing money from Igorrotes, 104
story of dog eating, 84
Thompson meeting, 68–69
See also Igorrotes
Luna Park and Igorrotes
Brooks (cartoonist) and, 77–80
discontent, 76–77, 84–87, 110, 112–13
dog eating, 74–76, 84, 85, 90–91, 110, 112
exhibition description, 63, 90–91
headhunters’ watchtower, 72, 88
Independent (journal) and, 97–101, 102–3
killing hen, 73–74
lack of clothing and, 77
popularity/views on, 70–72, 80, 81, 102–4
public opening/crowds, 70–72
selecting new leaders, 95–96
sign after Igorrotes left, 112
site description, 68
sleep and, 71, 76
smelting plant, 73, 85
split, Hopkins and, 106–8
Thompson and Dundy, 27, 39, 43, 46, 63, 95, 110, 111, 112
Thompson meeting Igorrotes, 67–68
tips made, 104
tricks and, 73
Uncle Sam meeting, 67, 81
US government clerk reading about, 97
village description/building, 63, 68–69, 71–72, 88
wedding ceremony (sham), 88–91
See also specific individuals
Lynch, Thomas, 275
Macon Telegraph, xxii–xxiii
Manchester Guardian, 123
Manidol (medicine man), 72, 78
Manila, 10, 17–18
Manila Freeman (newspaper), 14
Maria (Igorrote)
after return to Philippines, 315, 317
in court, 257, 262
Dreamland and, 139
journey to America, 10–11, 14, 17, 24, 25
Luna Park, 82, 83, 96, 108
spiritual beliefs, 282
at St. Louis Exposition (1904), 7
traveling to New York, 52, 64, 66
wanting to go home, 167, 168, 238
as witness against Hunt, 262, 268, 292
See also Igorrote witnesses against Hunt; Igorrotes; and specific locations
“Marquita, the Igorrote girl violinist,” 320
Marsh, Philip, 337
See also Hunt, Philip
Marsh, R. J., 148–50
Masons, 293
McGuire, Thomas, 123–24, 126
McIntyre, Frank
background/Philippines, 178
correspondence with Hunt, 185–87
description, 177, 178–79, 181–82
Hopkins and, 184, 185
Hunt and Igorrotes in Chicago, 213–14, 219, 220
Hunt’s order to take Igorrotes home and, 179
Hunt’s payment, Syracuse and, 243–44
later life/death, 328
looking for Hunt and, 168, 178, 179, 182–83, 236
prosecuting Hunt, 268
research on Hunt’s plan, 179–81
Schneidewind’s group of Igorrotes and, 188–91
US government positions, 168, 177–78, 328
McKinley, William, xxi, 6
McLaughlin, Fred C., 129
McRae, J. R., 318
“Meet Me Down At Luna, Lena” (song), 62–63
Memphis
Adler, Flo, 144–46
description, 142
Hunt and, 138–40, 141, 142–46
Igorrote exhibition and, 142–44, 281–82
See also US gov
ernment prosecution of Hunt, Memphis
Memphis, outside city limits
Balinag and, 192–93, 194, 197–99, 204, 205–7
Fleetwood’s complaint, 202
housing/conditions for Igorrotes, 192–200, 201–7
Hunt’s violence against Igorrotes, 204–7
police and, 202, 301
reunion of Igorrote groups, 203
witnesses against Hunt, 268
Memphis Commercial Appeal, 145, 300, 320–21, 330
Metcalf, Elizabeth/Sarah, 116–17
Miller, J. L., 183
Milwaukee, Wonderland Park, 234–35
Minnesota (ship), 19
Monteverde, Frank, 304
Moody, Charles S.
background, 20
finances for Igorrotes’ trip, 20, 22, 26, 29, 40, 159, 160
group touring America, 147–48
in Portland/Seattle, 45, 47, 53, 54
See also Hunt v. Moody
Mordez, Castro
birth of baby, 119–20
in hospital with baby, 121–22
Moss, John
description, 290
Frayser relationship, 292–94
later life/death, 329
retrials and, 292–93, 301, 303
trials against Hunt, 281, 284, 285, 286, 289, 292
Mullgardt, L. C., 40, 50–51
Murray, Billy, 62–63
Nashville American, 133
New Orleans and Igorrotes
escape attempt, 174–76
Hunt’s planned stay, 167
money and, 166, 167
Pucuan’s death and, 170–72
reunion of group, 167–68
Storyville and, 182–83
trip to, 165–67
wanting to go home, 165–67
New Orleans skyline, 165
New York Herald, 116
New York Morning Telegraph, 77, 102
New York Sun, 125, 129, 317, 328–29
New York Times, 60, 112, 113, 123, 129, 136, 318, 320–21
New York Tribune, 56, 104, 129, 200
North Front Street house. See Memphis, outside city limits
Ogden, Charles, 333
Olmstead, Frederick Law, 45
Olmstead, John, 45
Paicao, Domoniog, 149
Panama-Pacific Exposition, San Francisco (1915), 320
Peoples, Sallie, 298–300
Philippines
banning Filipino exhibitions, 320
independence attainment, 337
map, xi
World War II and, 315
Philippines-American War, xxi
Philippines and US presence
Anti-Imperialist League (US) and, 6–7, 152, 182, 214, 220
debate on, xx–xxi, 6–7, 104, 152–53, 310–11
display of Filipinos in United States and, 7, 20
Filipinos fighting United States, xxi, 60
Igorrotes ambushing US soldiers, 269
interview with Hunt and, 43
Taft and, xxi, 101–2, 116, 123
United States studying Filipinos, xxi–xxii
US costs, 310–11