Madame de Pompadour

by Nancy Mitford

  Marie Antoinette (1755–93), Queen of Louis XVI of France, 68, 99, 100, 116, 125

  Marie Josèphe de Saxe (1731–67), second wife of Louis, Dauphin of France, 88; chosen as wife for the Dauphin, 89; marriage celebrations, 90–1; sympathy with the Dauphin’s grief for his first wife, 90; wins over the Queen, 90; nurses the Dauphin during his attack of smallpox, 92; miscarriages, 93; birth of children, 93–4, 194, 198, 225; death of her mother, 198, 203; on Mme de P.’s death, 231–2

  Marie Leczinska (1703–68), Queen of Louis XV of France, chosen as bride for the King, marriage and character, 10–11; her friends on, 26–7; at the Dauphin’s marriage celebrations, 30; gambling debts, 60; and Mme de P., 59–60, 82–4; visits the Théâtre des Petits Cabinets, 82; won over by her second daughter-in-law, 90; dislike of Voltaire, 114; and Damiens’s attack on the King, 182; on Mme de P.’s death, 232; other references passim

  Marie Louise Elisabeth of France see Parma, (Marie Louise) Elisabeth, Duchess of

  Marie-Thérèsa Raphaele de Bourbon, Infanta of Spain (1727–47), first wife of Louis, (1729–65), Dauphin of France; marriage, 29–37; pregnancy and birth of daughter, 60; death, 60

  Marie-Zéphyrine of France (1750–55), daughter of the Dauphin and Marie Josèphe, 92

  Marigny, estate given by the King to Mme de P.’s father, 57, 96

  Marigny, Abel François Poisson de Vandières, Marquis de (1727–91), brother of Mme de P., 17, 18, 19, 37, 43; created Marquis, 57, 58, 59, 63, 65; character, 96; sent to Italy by his sister, 97, 98; succeeds Tournehem as director of the King’s buildings, 99, 111, 116, 118, 119, 121, 128, 131–2; sells his sister’s possessions, 134, 151; grief at death of his niece Alexandrine, 151; lack of interest in politics, 155; refused admittance to the King during his illness, 184; advises his sister against leaving Versailles 184–5, 187; his sister’s legacy, 230; resigns all offices on his sister’s death, but the King restores them, 233; other references passim

  Marlborough, George Spencer Churchill, 4th Duke of (1739–1817), 223

  Marivaux, Pierre Carlet de Chamblain de (1688–1763), 22, 77

  Marly, Château de [District of Paris], 42, 54, 57, 62, 64, 67, 117, 167, 226

  Marmontel, Jean François (1723–99), 109, 111, 147

  Maupéou, René Nicolas Charles Augustin de (1714–92), 7, 159, 183

  Maupertuis, Pierre Louis Moreau de (1698–1759), 52

  Maurepas, Jean Frédéric Phélypeau, Comte de (1701–81), 40, 70, 102–6, 109, 119, 136, 156, 158, 205, 213

  Méchant, Le (Gresset, 1745), 81

  Meinières, M. le Président de, 189–92

  Meissen factory, 89, 133

  Ménars, Château de [Loir-et-Cher], 68, 129, 130, 226, 229, 230

  Menus Plaisirs, state department of the, 76, 79, 85, 86

  Mesdames de France: the daughters of Louis XV and his Queen

  Metz [Moselle], King’s illness at, 12, 13, 20, 26, 39

  Meudon, Château de [District of Paris], 64, 127

  Michelet, Jules (1798–1874), 139

  Mimi, one of Mme de P.’s dogs, 133

  Minorca, 178, 199, 200, 206, 224

  Mirabeau, Victor Riqueti, Marquis de (1715–89), 118

  Mirepoix [Aude], Bishop of: see Boyer, Jean François

  Mirepoix, Charles Pierre Gaston François de Lévis, Duc de (1674–1757), Maréchal de France 1751, 122, 171, 230

  Mirepoix, Duchesse et Maréchale de, 67, 122, 184–5, 226–7

  Molière (Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, 1622–73, called), 87, 152

  Moncrif, François Auguste Paradis de (1687–1770), 28, 56, 82

  Monmartel, M de: see under Pâris brothers

  Monsieur: see Orléans, Philippe I, Duc d’

  Monsieur le Duc: see Bourbon et d’Enghien, Louis Henri de Bourbon-Condé, Duc de

  Montcalm de Saint Véran, Louis Joseph, Marquis de (1712–59), 196

  Montespan, Françoise Athénais de Mortemart, Marquise de (1641–1707), 8, 85, 110, 141, 142, 163

  Nattier, Jean Marc (1685–1766), painter, 22

  Netherlands, Austrian [Belgium], 175 see also Low Countries

  Nivernais, Louis Jules Mancini Mazarini, Duc de (1716–98), 23, 76, 80, 81, 97–8, 105–6, 176, 208, 222–3, 224

  Noailles, Adrien Maurice, Comte et Duc d’Ayen, Duc de (1678–1766), Maréchal de France 1734, 56, 80

  Noailles, Charles, Vicomte de, 126

  Noailles, Louis, Comte et Duc d’Ayen, Duc de (1713–93), 33, 36, 51, 53, 56, 65, 75, 80, 107, 121, 139, 140, 141, 181

  Noailles, Philippe, Comte de (1715–94), Maréchal de France 1766, 46, 75, 80, 212

  noblesse: de cour, 4; de robe, 15, 39, 156, 157; d’épée, 15, 156

  Nostradamus (1503–66), astrologer, 30

  Notre Dame, Paris, 178

  Oliver, Abbé d’, 52

  O’Murphy, Louise (1737–1814), a mistress of Louis XV, 138

  Orford, Horace Walpole, 4th Earl of (1717–97), 130, 205, 214

  Orléans [Loiret], 4

  Orléans, Louis, Duc de Chartres et d’ (1703–52), 8, 141

  Orléans, Louis Philippe, Duc de Chartres et d’ (1725–85), 30, 31, 65, 92, 94, 169; Louise Henriette de Conti, Duchesse de Chartres et d’, 31

  Orléans, Louis Philippe Joseph, Duc d’ (1747–93), known as Philippe Egalité, 94

  Orléans, Philippe I, Duc d’ (1640–1701), brother of Louis XIV, called Monsieur, 8

  Orléans, Philippe II, Duc de Chartres et d’ (1674–1723), Regent of France 1715–22, 2, 3, 7, 9, 55, 56, 90, 94

  Orry, Philibert, Comte de Vignory (1689–1747), Contrôleur Géneral des Finances, 61, 156

  Pacte de Famille among the Bourbons, 1761, 221

  Palais de Justice, Paris, 156, 157, 160–1, 163, 180, 189

  Palais-Royal, Paris, 2, 7, 211

  Parc aux Cerfs, Versailles, house owned by Louis XV 1755–71, 138, 139, 168–9, 226

  Paris; ball at the Hôtel de Ville, 1745; Archbishop of: see Beaumont, Christophe de

  Pâris brothers, 16, 17, 42, 61, 63, 65, 144, 199, 200; Antoine (1668–1733); Claude called La Montagne (1670–1745); Joseph called Duverny (1684–1770), 16, 42, 144, 199, 200;

  Jean, called de Montmartel (1690–1766), 16, 144

  Paris Parlement, 156–7, 159,180, 189, 192

  Parlements, the, 156–63, 180, 189, 191, 192, 193, 196, 219, 220, 221, 228; see also Paris Parlement; Toulouse Parlement

  Parma, Italy, Duchy of, 66, 85, 94, 100, 175, 221, 222

  Parma, (Marie Louise) Elisabeth of France, Duchess of (1727–59), 29, 66, 85, 94, 100, 102, 175, 211, 212, 221, 222, 225

  Parma, Philip of Bourbon Duke of (1720–65), a younger son of Philip V of Spain, 29, 94, 100, 175, 233

  Parrocel, Ignace Jacques (1667–1722), painter of battles, 53, 132

  Passy, Paris, 85, 151, 226

  pederasty at Court, 8–9

  Penthièvre, Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duc de (1725–93), 141, 197

  Perth, Elizabeth Hamilton (née Middleton), Duchess of, 161

  Peter I (1672–1725), the Great, Tsar of Russia, 9

  Peter III (1728–62), Tsar of Russia, 222

  Petits Appartements: Louis XV’s suite at Versailles, 5, 181

  Petit Trianon, Versailles, 54, 125, 226

  Philip V (1683–1746), King of Spain from 1700, 9, 29

  Philip, Infante of Spain: see Parma, Duke of

  Philippe Egalité: see Orléans, Louis Philippe Joseph, Duc d’

  philosophies, les, 21–2, 23, 44, 95, 104, 107, 119, 172, 195, 205–6, 219–20, 221

  Picquigny, Duc de: see Chaulnes, Marie Joseph, Duc de

  Pigalle, Jean Baptiste (1714–85), sculptor, 63, 127, 133, 227

  Pineau, Nicolas (1684–1754), sculptor on wood, 128

  Piron, Alexis (1689–1773), 52, 112–13

  Pitt, William: see Chatham, 1st Earl of

  Plessis family, the du, 66

  Poisson, Abel: see Marigny, Abel Poissons de Vandières, Marquis de

  Poisson, Jeanne Anto
inette: see Pompadour, Marquise et Duchesse de

  Poisson, François, father of Mme de Pompadour, 16–17, 20, 43, 50, 57, 99, 151

  Poisson, Madeleine de la Motte, mother of Mme de P., 16, 17, 18, 23, 42, 62

  ‘Poissonades’, scurrilous attacks on Mme de P., 100–1, 103

  Poisson de Malvoisin, M., cousin of Mme de P.’s father, 230

  Poisson family, 50

  Polignac, Melchior de (1661–1742), Cardinal 1713, 52

  Pompadour, Jeanne Antoinette Poisson, Madame d’Etioles, Marquise et Duchesse de (29 December 1721–15 April 1764), birth, 15–16; and the fortune teller, 17; her education and accomplishments, 18; charm, 18–19; marriage to M. d’Etioles, 20; birth of Alexandrine, 20–1; plans a salon, 21; follows the royal hunt and is warned off, 24; meets the King at the Ball of the Clipped Yew Trees, 32; installed in Mme de Mailly’s former flat at Versailles, 36; first appearance at court, 36; sent to Etioles to study court usage, 39–40; separation from her husband, 44; letter from the King to the Marquise de Pompadour, 44; presentat ion to the Queen, 49–51; at Fontainebleau, 54–5; her liking for nicknames and freedom from court restraint, 58; efforts to please the Queen, 59–60; her apartments at Versailles, 67–8; sexual difficulties, 70–1; kindness to the Prince de Croŷ, 73–4; as an actress, 79–87; lack of understanding of her religion, 82–3; unpopular with the Parisians, 87; ‘Poissonades’ against her, 100–1; miscarriage, 104; health, 117; love of animals, 119; houses, 125; engraver, 133; books and possessions, 133–4; new relationship with King, 135–44; d’Argenson and Mme d’Estrades intrigue against her, 145–54; presented to the Queen as a duchess, 149; distress at daughter’s death, 153; lady–in–waiting to the Queen, 168; engages in diplomacy, 174–5; advised by Machault to leave Versailles, 184; contrary advice from her brother, 185; receives le Président de Meinières, 189–92; change in the way of life, 197–8; deterioration in health, 225; sells her diamonds, 230; receives gifts from Maria Theresa, 216–17; last public appearance, 228; her bequests to the King, 230; other bequests, 230; last illness, 230–1; many other references passim

  Pons, Madame de, 80

  Pontchartrain, Château, 105

  Pope, the: see Benedict XIV

  Portail, Marthe Antoinette, 32

  Port Royal des Champs, Abbey of, 158

  Pousse, Dr, specialist in smallpox, 91–2

  Prague, Bohemia, 198

  Préjugé à la Mode, Le (La Chaussée, 1735), 81, 83

  Prevost d’Exiles, Antoine François (1697–1763), Abbé, 51

  Prie, Jeanne Agnès Berthelot de Pléneuf, Marquise de (1698–1727), 10

  Prince de Noisy, Le (play), 84

  Princes of the Blood, 2, 23, 41, 54, 77, 109–10, 155, 157, 183, 192

  Provence, province of, 35, 122

  Prussia, 38, 51, 114, 121, 126, 142, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176, 193, 195, 202, 203, 205, 207

  Pucelle d’Orléans, La (Voltaire, 1755), 53

  Quebec, 171, 195

  Quesnay, François (1694–1774), 68, 71, 104, 116–18, 119, 121, 136, 147, 183, 185, 230

  Racine, Jean (1639–99), 114

  Ramsay, Allan (1713–84), 224

  Régiment du Roi at Fontenoy, 46, 47

  Reinette: family nickname for Mme de P. and its origin, 17–18

  renversement des alliances: policy adopted by Louis XV and his ministers in 1756, 177, 188

  Requétes, Maîtres de, 160; Cour de 220

  Reservoirs, Hôtel des, Versailles, 69, 110, 126, 134, 144, 231

  Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis, Duc de (1585–1642), Cardinal 1622, 38, 66

  Richelieu, Louis François Armand de Vignerot du Plessis, Duc de (1696–1788), Maréchal de France, 1748, friend of Mme de Châteauroux, 13, 14, 25, 35, 46, 47, 48; hostility to Mme de P., 56, 61, 66, 102, 104; duel with Prince de Lixin, 122, 153; takes Port Mahon, Minorca, 178, 199; flattered by Frederick the Great, 200, 202; buys Hôtel d’Antin, 204–5

  Richelieu, Mlle de: see Egmont, Comtesse d’

  Rodogune, 133

  Rohan, Vicomte, 84

  Rohan family, 41, 64, 65

  Rohan-Soubise, Armand Gaston Maximilien de (1674–1749), Bishop of Strasbourg 1704, Cardinal 1712, 11

  Romains, Mlle: see Cavanac, Marquise de

  Romanet, Charlotte Rosalie: see Choiseul, Charlotte Rosalie Romanet, Comtesse

  Rome, 97, 98, 106, 150, 162, 170, 188, 210, 211, 228

  Rosbach, Battle of, 1757, 139, 202, 205, 209

  Rossignol, Madame, 214

  Roucoux, French victory of, 1747, 170

  Rouillé, Antoine Louis: see Jouy, Comte de

  Roure, Marie de Gontaut, Comtesse du (d. 1770), 65, 80, 107, 189

  Rousseau, Jean Jacques (1717–78), 195, 232

  Royal Dauphin (ship), 171

  Russia, 170, 171, 180, 195, 200, 206, 225

  sacraments refused to suspected Jansenists

  Sacy, Père de, 166

  St Cast, Battle of, 1758, 209

  St Cloud [District of Paris], 105, 113, 123, 131, 132, 140

  St Cyr School [District of Paris], 164

  St Denis [District of Paris], 63, 183, 198

  Saint Espirit, Croix du (est. 1575), 73, 84, 93, 96–7, 163

  St Florentin, Comte de: see Vrilliere, Duc de la

  St Germain, Comte de (c. 1707–c. 1784), adventurer, 203

  St Germain, Comtesse de, 51

  Saint-German-en-Laye [District of Paris], 36

  St Hubert, Château de [District of Paris], 54

  St Louis, convent of, 164–5

  Saint Louis, order of, 110

  St Médard, Church of, 161–2

  Saint Michel, Order of, 131

  St Ouen, Château de [District of Paris], 129

  St Philip, Fort, Mahon, Minorca, 178

  Saint-Simon, Louis de Rouvroy, Duc de (1675–1755), 27, 164

  Salle, M. de la, 123, 144

  Sanderhausen, Battle of, 1758, 209–10

  Sardinia, 38, 171

  Savonnerie factory, 157

  Saxe, (Hermann), Maurice, Comte de (1696–1750), Maréchal de France 1744, Maréchal Général 1746; 16, 39, 46, 47, 65, 75, 77–8, 80, 88, 170, 198, 199, 202, 207

  Saxe, Marie Josèphe de: see Marie Josèphe de Saxe

  Saxony, 38, 88, 89, 132, 179, 188, 202

  Sceaux [District of Paris], 193, 205

  Séguier, Pierre (1588–1672) Chancelier de France, 192

  Sémiramis (Voltaire, 1748), 113; (Crébillon, 1717), 113

  Sénart, Forest of [District of Paris], 20, 24

  Senegal, 224

  Seven Years’ War, The, 1756–63, 68, 76, 179, 195–212, 221, 225

  Sèvres [District of Paris], 32, 33, 127, 132–3, 157, 216

  Sèvres, Pont de, Paris, 15, 228

  Sicilies, the two, 171, 221

  Silhouette, Etienne de (1709–67), 156

  silver sent by the King and Mme de P. to be melted down, 216

  smallpox, Dauphin suffers from, 91–2, 94–5

  Soissons [Aisne], 211; Bishop of, 13

  Sophie of France (1734–82), 5th daughter of Louis XV, 95, 211

  Soubise, Charles de Rohan, Prince de (1715–87), Maréchal de France 1758, 185, 198, 199, 202–3, 206, 209–10, 230, 231

  Soufflot, Jacques Germain (1714–80), architect, 97

  Souvré, Francois Louis, Marquis de (1704–67), 110, 122

  Spain, 1, 2, 9, 21, 29, 31, 32, 38, 73, 94, 170, 171, 197, 208, 221, 222

  Stainville, Comte de: see Choiseul, Duc de

  Stanislas I (Stanislas Leczinski, 1677–1766), King of Poland 1705–09, 10, 26–7, 49, 52, 54, 80, 89, 90, 112, 122, 227

  Stanislas, Place, Nancy, 227

  Starhemberg, Georg Adam, Count, Austrian Ambassador at Versailles, 172–5, 216, 217

  Strasbourg [Bas Rhin], 198, 199

  Sweden, 17, 130, 171, 180, 222

  Swiss Guard, the 91, 93, 181, 215

  Tableau Economique, Le (Quesnay, 1758), 118

  Taine, Hippolyte Adolphe (1828–93
), 108

  Tancrède (Voltaire, 1760), 84, 218

  Tartuffe (Molière, 1664), 80

  Temple de la Glorie, Le (Voltaire), 52

  Tencin, Pierre Guérin de (1680–1749), Cardinal 1739, 163

  Tencin, Claudine Alexandrine Guérin de (1682–1749), 22

  Terence: edn. printed by Horace Walpole in Marigny’s library, 130

  Tessé, Marquis de, 31, 151

  Théâtre des Petits Cabinets, 80, 81, 85, 86–7

  Tocqué, Louis (1696–1772), painter, 132

  Toulouse, Louis Alexandre de Bourbon, Comte de (1678–1737), 141, 166

  Toulouse, Marie-Victoire Sophie de Noailles, Marquise de Gondrin, Comtesse de, 141

  Toulouse [Haute-Garonne], 218–19

  Toulouse Parlement, 220

  Tournehem, Charles François Le Normant de (d. 1751), 17, 18, 20, 23, 35, 37, 43, 44, 57, 62, 63, 80, 97, 99, 131, 142

  Trianon, Versailles, 49, 54, 64, 69, 74, 93, 101, 119, 120, 124, 125, 126, 180–1, 182 see also Petit Trianon

  Troyennes, Les, 153

  Tuileries, Les, Paris, 2, 42, 43, 48, 172, 227

  Turenne, Henri de La Tour d’Auvergne, Vicomte de (1611–75), Maréchal de France 1643; Maréhal Général 1658, 88, 198, 200, 201

  Turenne, Louise de Lorriane Marsan de La Tour d’Auvergne, Princesse de, 64

  Turenne, Prince de, 75

  Turgot, (Anne Robert), Jacques (1727–81), 118

  Unigenitus, the Papal Bull, 158–9

  Valfons, Marquis de, 19, 187

  Vandières: estate given by the King to Mme de P.’s father, 57

  van Loo (Charles André called Carle) (1705–65), artist, 127

  van Loo (Louis Michel called Michel) (1707–71), artist, 127, 232

  Vauvenargues, Luc de Clapiers, Marquis de (1715–47), 22

  Vendôme, Place, Paris, 32, 233

  Ventadour, Charlotte Eléonore de La Mothe Houdancourt, Duchesse de (1661–1744), governess of the young Louis XV, 1–2

  Verberckt, wood carver, 127, 142, 175

  Versailles [District of Paris], Louis XV returns to 1–14; ball at 29–37; opera by Voltaire at, 52; Mme de P.’s apartments at, 135; Musée de, 125; many other references passim

  Versailles, Treaty of, 1756, 177, 198, 232

  Victoire of France (1733–99), 4th daughter of Louis XV, 58, 95, 141, 181, 211, 228

  Vienna, 56, 177, 188, 189, 206, 210, 217, 221

  Villars, Claude Louis Hector, Marquis, later Duc de (1653–1734), Maréchal de France, 10; Duc de (1762), 219