Sarajevo
Page 42
The most important account of the preparations for the crime is to be
found in a pamphlet written by one of the few survivors from the inner ring
of conspirators, Borivoje Jevtic — Sarajevski Atentat (1923). This should
be compared with the statements put forward in the Austro-Hungarian
dosner, as published in the first Red Book (1915).
Professor S. Stanojevic's pamphlet, Die Ermordung des Erzherzogs (1923),
contains valuable information as to the " Black Hand " and the Belgrade
end of the plot; but, having been written for a political purpose, it passes
over many essential facts in complete silence and must be used with
caution.
An excellent brief summary of the question of responsibility is to be
found in Die Habsburger und die Südslawenfrage, by Hermann Wendel.
Herr von Wegerer's long article in Die Kriegsschuldfrage for June 1925 is
entirely uncritical, and contains many utterly exploded theories.
Mr. Ljuba Jovanovic's article in Krv Slovenstva (1924), which must be
regarded as highly compromising to himself and to Mr. Paáió until some
answer is forthcoming, may be read in English in the National Review for
April 1925 or in the Journal of the British Institute of International
Affairs for March 1925.
CHAPTERS VII, VIII, AND IX
Till after the war we depended for documentary evidence upon the
official publications of the various belligerent Governments, which, with
the signal exception of the White Paper issued by Sir Edward Grey in
August
1914,
are
extremely
inadequate.
All
these
publications
(the
British, French, Russian, Belgian, Serbian, German, and Austro-Hungarian)
may be most conveniently consulted in the English edition published in
1915 under the title Collected Diplomatic Documents relating to the Out-
break of the European War.
For our present purpose the following documents are essential:
1. First Austro-Hungarian Red Book (1915).
2. Diplomatische
Aktenstücke zur Vorgeschichte des Krieges, 1914,
3 vols. (1919), published by the new Austrian Republic (English trans-
lation published by Allen & Unwin, 1920).
3. Roderich
Gooss,
Das
Wiener
Kabinett
und
die
Entstehung
des
Weltkrieges, an official Austrian narrative based upon the documents,
and in the main superseded by the publication of the preceding volumes,
but containing a few references omitted from them (which serves to
show that, thorough-going though the Republican Government was, it
did suppress some documents of importance).
4. Die Deutschen Dokumente, 4 vols., published by the German Govern-
ment in 1920, and extending from June to August 1914.
5. Deutschland Schuldig? (Berlin,
1919),
published
by
the
German
Government early in 1919 in view of the Peace Conference, and con-
taining in the Appendices various Russian and Serbian documents for
the period 1908-14, procured from the Bolshevik Government.
297
6. Serbian Blue Book (1915)
7. British, Russian, and French documents ] see above·
8. B. Siebert, Diplomatische Aktenstücke zur Geschickte der Entente-
politik der Vorkriegsjahre (1921); a collection of Russian secret documents
which appear to have been copied by Siebert, an official of the London
Embassy, and supplied to the Germans — whether at the time, or only
after the war, is not quite clear. They are badly arranged, but are
admitted to be genuine by representatives of the Tsarist regime (English
translation in America).
9. Diplomatische Schriftwechsel Istvolskis, 4 vols., edited by F. Stieve,
and published by the German Government in 1924. They reveal Izvolsky
as a dangerous intriguer, and are being exploited in some quarters as a
proof that the Entente was the aggressor in the world war.
10. M.
Bogicevic,
Kriegsursachen
(1919).
The
text,
written
by
a
former Serbian Chargé d'Affaires in Berlin, who quarrelled with his
own Government, is to be used with caution. But the Appendices
contain
important
documents
illustrating
Serbian
policy
from
1908
to 1914, and appear to be authentic.
11. Montgelas, Leitfaden zur Kriegsschuldfrage (1923).
The two standard books in English on the immediate origins of the war —
The History of Twelve Days, by J. W. Headlam (1915), and The Outbreak
of the War, by Sir Charles Oman (1918) — are now out of date, owing to the
post-war publication of documents; for, though their main arguments
have been greatly strengthened by subsequent revelations, their perspec-
tive
requires
complete
readjustment.
For
the
present
the
only
two
serious attempts in English to collate the new material are Dr. G. P.
Gooch's History of Modern Europe, which is necessarily all too brief in
this connection, and the articles of Professor Sidney B. Fay in the American
Historical Review for July and October 1920, January 1921, and January
1924.
Critical estimates are, however, to be found in Karl Kautsky, Wie der
Weltkrieg
entstand
(1919),
and in
Dr.
Heinrich
Kanner's
Kaiserliche
Katastrophenpolitik (1922). But the former concentrated too much upon
a personal attack on William II (the significance of whose marginal notes
he was the first to stress), while the latter is too much absorbed by an
attempt to demonstrate the accuracy with which he and his colleagues of
Die Zeit criticised the policy of the Ballplatz and foretold the impending
disaster. It is but fair to add that he is overwhelmingly successful in
proving his prophetic gift. The same writer published in 1920 a small
pamphlet
entitled
Die
neuesten
Geschichtslügen,
which
summarises
briefly but effectively the main revelations of the German and Austrian
post-war publications.
Special reference must also be made to two French studies of war origins,
written in an impartial and moderate tone and based mainly on the
diplomatic correspondence — La Victoire, by Alfred Fabre-Luce (1924),
and Les Origines Immédiates de la Guerre, by Pierre Renouvin (1925).
Neither book, however, in my opinion, presents the Austro-Serbian aspect
of the case in its true perspective.
The case against Serbia in its extremist form may be found in the
298
ferocious pamphlets of Leopold Mandl (see notes
on chapter i.), and in
the articles of Miss Edith Durham (see especially the London Foreign
Affairs, 1924-5, cursim, and Contemporary Review for January 1925).
It is to be remembered that for the last sixteen years or more Mandl
has been consistently used by the Ballplatz as the organiser of a campaign
of Press defamation against Serbia and the Jugoslav movement in general.
Latterly he has taken to writing (both under the name of " Nenadovic "
and under his own signature) in La Federation Balcanique, a propagandist
monthly published by the Bolshevik Government in Vienna, but is still
allowed to write for the Reichspost, the official organ of the Austrian
Christian Socialist party, to whom anything Bolshevik might be supposed
to be anathema, but which still regards any stick as good enough to beat
Serbia.
As this book goes to press, Herr Hermann Wendel, already known by
a whole series of studies on Jugoslav questions, has published a large
volume entitled Der Kampf der Südslawen um Freiheit und Einheit (Frank-
furt, 1925), which is a real mine of historical information. It has been
aptly and gracefully described as one of the most genuine acts of reparation
on the German side. It is the work of one intimately acquainted with
every phase of Jugoslav life and history, and can be recommended with
the utmost confidence.
INDEX
A
Bogicevic, Mr., 26, 46, 54, 56
Aehrenthal, Count, 29, 31, 32-7, 39
Bomba, 83
Albania, 38, 43, 51, 61, 200
Boskovié, Mr., 257
Alexander Obrenovió, King, 23, 26,
Boston Sunday Globe, ni
137, 157
Bottomley, Mr., 127
Alexander K
aragjorgjevic, Prince (now
Bourchier, J. D., 39
King), 92, 129, 257
Bratianu, Mr. I. C, 95
Alex
ander II, Tsar, 20
Brosch, Colonel, 84, 86
Alexeyev, General, 220
Bucarest, Treaty of, 50, 51, 56, 92, 161^
Ambrózy, Count, 237
216
Andrâssy,
Buch
anan, Sir George, 271, 272
Cou
nt, 21
Buchlau, 30, 31, 35
Apponyi, Count, 275
Budapesti Hírlap, 187
Artstetten, 105
Bulgarian Revolutionary
Committee,
Auffenberg, General, 43, 87, 109, 265
18
Ausgleich, 1
9, 85
Bülow, Prince, 35
Avarna, Duke of, 226,
234-40
Bunsen, Sir M. de, 181, 211, 224-31
Azev, 33
Buriân, Count, 25, 281
Β
Bylandt, Count, 45
Byzantium, 17
Baernreither, Dr., 36
Balkan League, 39, 40, 46, 58
C
Ballin, 182
Cabrinovié, Vaso, 77, in, 113, 114,
Ballplatz, 26, 28, 29, 32, 34, 40, 42, 54,
118, 141, 146, 152
116, 135, 154, 164,166, 203, 209, 245
Balugdzié, Mr.,
Cadorna, General, 168
27
Bánat, 17
Cambon, M. Paul, 225
Cambon, M. Jules, 255
Banjaluka Trial, 122
Capelle, Admiral von, 182
Barzilai, Signor, 19
4
Benckendorfí,
Carlotti, Marquis, 207, 234, 270
Count, 224
Charles, Arch
duke, 98, 103
Berchtold, Count, 31, 34, 39, 43, 44,
Charles, King, 51, 54. 95. 9». 97. l6r»
45. 48, 53» 6o. 88, 92, 116, 161 sqq.
χ63. 173, 175, 176, 205, 206, 2i6
Berlin, Congress of, 20, 30, 63
f
241-2
Berirab, General von, 182
Chelius, General, 269, 278
Bethmann Hollweg, 43, 46, 88, 175,
Ciganovió, Milan, 78, 119, 134, 146,
176, 177, 178, 185, 254, 262, 268,
147, 245, 258
276, 280, 282
Cokorilo, 112
Beust, Count, 64
Conrad von Hötzendorf, 35, 39, 43,
Bilinski, Ritter von, 106-9, 115, 145,
44, 47, 52, 87, 88, 96, 106, 132, 164,
153, 167, 185
168, 181, 183, 184, 202, 240, 263,
Bismarck, Prince, 22, 23
273, 282-3
Black Hand, 99, "8, 129, 137» 152
300
Constantine, King, 49, 51, 216
Frederick, Archduke, 181
Crackenthorpe, Mr., 137
Fremdenblatt, 26
Cramon, General von, 53
Friedjung, Dr., 32, 66, 133, 260
Croatia, 18, 19, 23, 29, 32, 41, 66, ni
Cubrilovic, V., 78, 119, 121, 147, 148,
G
150
Gaéinovic, V., 69, 73, 78, 79, 145
Ou vaj, Dictator, 41, 71, 89, 119
George V, King, 58, 217, 269
Cuza, Prince Alexander, 18
George, Crown Prince, 32
Czernin, Count, 80, 87, 88, 89, 94, 95,
Gerde, Dr., 113
161, 184, 241, 242
Giesl, Baron, 128, 212, 247, 250, 261,
273
D
Giolitti, Signor, 50
Dacié, 120
Golubió, M., 74
Dalmatia, 19, 46, 65, 79, 85
Goluchowski, Count, 26, 29
Danev, Dr., 87
Gorchakov, Prince, 21
Danubian Confederation, 18
Grabez, N., 78, 119, 147
Davidovié, Mr. Lj., 33, 118
Grdjió, V., 122
Debreczen Bomb Outrage, 96
Grey, Sir Edward, 31, 58, 224-31, 255,
Dimitrijevié, Colonel, 139-44, 147, 158
257, 265, 266, 267, 271, 279
Doj&ó, 72
Grujió, Mr. S., 127, 137, 251
Dual System, 19, 83-6
Dumaine, M., 217, 222
H
Durazzo, 40, 43
Hague Tribunal, 123, 133, 260, 288
Durham, Miss, 42, 127, 155
Harrach, Count, 102
Ε
Hartwig, Mr., 39, 43, 58, 128, 132, 140
Eckartsau, 34
Henry of Prussia, Prince, 217
Edl, Consul, 43
Hohenberg, Duchess of, 82, 91, 101,
Edward VIT, King, 26
103, 108
Endlicher, 75
Hohenlohe, Prince G., 45
Eugene, Prince, 16
Hold, Professor, 264
ExHrchatc, Bulgarian, 19
Hoyos, Count, 76, 164, 173, 179, 185,
198
F
Hrvatski Djah, 67, 71
Falkenhayn, General von, 182, 203
Fay, Professor S. B., 96, 155, 171, 174
I
Fédération Balcanique, 154
Ignatiev, General, 21
Ferdinand of Bulgaria, King, 35, 40,
Ilié, Danilo, 74, 77, 121, 145, 147, 148
47, 175
Ilidze, 101
Fiume, Resolution of, 25, 65
Istria, 25
Filipescu, N., 89
Izvolsky, Α., 29, 30, 31, 36, 56, 59, 6o,
Flotow, Baron, 116, 161, 233-8
195, 222
Forgách, Count, 33, 45, 164, 207, 210,
254
J
Fraknói, Bishop, 174
Jagow, Herr von, 134, 181, 192, 197,
Francis Ferdinand, 34, 36, 39, 43, 49,
199,
204, 230, 233-8, 248, 249, 254,
50, 52, 80-107, 142, 163, 170
256, 266-7
Francis Joseph, 20, 25, 26, 34, 43, 44,
Jankovió, General, 118
45. 47. 55. 83, 91, 92, 96, 117. 166,
Jeftanovió, Mr., 115
167, 172, 175, 176, 183, 184, 188,
Jelacié, Ban, 17
Jevtié, Borivoje, 122
^7. 253. 272, 279, 282
301
John Bull, 127
Lovcen, 236, 240
Jomini, Baron, 21
Ludwig, Mr. Ernest, 275
Jonescu, Take, 206
Lützow, Count Francis, 42
Josimovid, Mr. G., 154
Lützow, Count Heinrich, 226
Jovanovió, Mr. J. M., 127, 135. 225, 256
Jovanovid, Mr. Ljuba, 118, 153-9, 288
M
Jukid, Luka, 71
Macedonia, 22, 25, 37, 52
Macchio, Baron, 45, 164, 212, 222, 253
Κ
Maiorescu, Mr., 54, 95
Kageneck, Count, 87, 88
Mandl, Herr Leopold, 27, 154
Kailer, Admiral von, 185
Margutti, Baron, 109, 167, 273
Kállay, Benjamin, 24, 64, 65
Markovid, Svetozar, 27
Kálnoky, Count, 23
Masaryk, Professor, 24, 33, 45, 66, 90,
Kanner, Dr., 31, 45, 132
112, 133, 220
Mehmedbasió, M., 74, 78, 119, 147
Kanya, 45
Karadzió, Vuk, 18
Mensdorrf, Count, 227-31, 266
Mérey, Mr. von, 48, 232-8, 278
Kara George, 16
Merizii, Colonel von, 102
Karlovci, 16
Mestrovic, Mr., 221
Kautzky, Karl, 177
Michael, Prince, 18, 64
Khuen-Héderváry, Count, 23, 24, 65
Mihajlovió, Mr. L., 278, 279
Kiderlen-Wächter, Herr von, 46
Milan, King, 22, 27
Klofac, Dr., 220
Kodió, Petar, 68
Milanovid, Β., 149
Military Frontiers, 15
Komitadjis, 74, 141, 146
KonopiStë,
Milovanovid, Dr., 37, 138
81, 90, 97, 142, 163, 183
Milovid, 149
Konopistë, Pact of, 98, 183
Miramar, 92, 93
Kosovo, 101, no
Miuskovid, Mr., 132
Kossuth, Louis, 18