Leadership
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“Thousands . . . short of fuel”: New York Tribune, Sept. 27, 1902.
Workers were being laid off: Ibid.
“untold misery”: TR to Crane, Oct. 22, 1902, LTR, 3:360.
“no alarmist”: Ibid.
“Unless you end . . . frozen to death”: Morris, Theodore Rex, p. 151.
Crane. . . compromise settlement: Cornell, The Anthracite Coal Strike of 1902, p. 176.
“acted as he always . . . make it successful”: TR to Crane, Oct. 22, 1902, LTR, 3:360.
“I should . . . whole nation”: TR to John Mitchell, Oct. 1, 1902, LTR, 3:334.
“For the first time . . . face-to-face”: Walter Wellman, “The Inside History of the Great Coal Strike,” Collier’s Weekly, Oct. 18, 1902, p. 6.
“un-American”: Cornell, The Anthracite Coal Strike of 1902, p. 180.
“Worse by far . . . self-intrusion”: Sullivan, Our Times: America Finding Herself, Vol. 2, p. 430.
“It was very kind . . . straight in front of him”: The World (New York), Oct. 4, 1902.
“There are three . . . for the general good”: Ibid.
“literally jumped to his feet”: Ibid.
“the miners . . . positions in writing”: Letter from TR to Seth Low, not sent, Theodore Roosevelt Papers. Library of Congress Manuscript Division. http://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org/Research/Digital-Library/Record?libID=0266115. Digital Library, Dickinson State University.
“stood ready . . . and his goons”: The World (New York), Oct. 4, 1902.
“The duty of the hour . . . of a free people”: Public Policy, Oct. 25, 1902, p. 261.
“government is a contemptible failure”: Ibid.
“insulted me . . . the Sherman antitrust law”: Theodore Roosevelt to Mark Hanna, October 3, 1902, container 77, Theodore Roosevelt Jr. Papers, LC.
“Are you asking . . . set of outlaws?”: Morris, Theodore Rex, p. 160.
“did everything . . . out of the window”: The World (New York), Oct. 4, 1902.
“Mitchell behaved . . . moderation”: TR to Crane, Oct. 22, 1902, LTR, 3:360.
“towered above”: TR to Robert Bacon, Oct. 5, 1902, LTR, 3:340.
“No one regrets . . . affect reconciliation”: Morris, Theodore Rex, p. 160.
“NO . . . with John Mitchell”: The World (New York), Oct. 4, 1902.
“in the fact that . . . and the President”: TR, An Autobiography, p. 466.
“Well, I have tried . . . over the result”: TR to Mark Hanna, Oct. 3, 1902, LTR, 3:337.
“the first time . . . of the Republic”: The Independent [New York City], Oct. 30, 1902, p. 2563.
“one of the quickest . . . that establishment”: Washington Times, Oct. 4, 1904.
“who resented . . . own business”: Plain Dealer (Cleveland), Oct. 17, 1902, quoted in Public Policy, Nov. 15, 1902, p. 315.
“The President did . . . either labor or capitalist”: The Outlook, Oct. 11, 1902, p. 345.
“plum-colored livery”: The World (New York), Oct. 4, 1902.
“Christian men . . . of the country”: Baer to W. I. Clark, July 17, 1902, quoted in Cornell, The Anthracite Coal Strike of 1902, p. 170.
“The divine right . . . right of plutocrats”: Boston Watchman, quoted in Sullivan, Our Times: America Finding Herself, Vol. 2, p. 426.
“All Washington . . . painful suspense”: Washington Times, Oct. 4, 1904.
“I find it pleasant . . . my thought”: TR to Henry Beach Needham, July 19, 1905, LTR, 4:1280.
“thrown about . . . hurt at all”: TR to Kermit Roosevelt, March 5, 1904, LTR, 4:744.
“some books . . . queer taste”: TR to Herbert Putnam, Oct. 6, 1902, LTR, 3:343.
“I owe you . . . reveled accordingly”: TR to George Frisbie Hoar, Oct. 8, 1902, LTR, 3:344.
“There was beginning . . . the civil war”: TR to Crane, Oct. 22, 1902, LTR, 3:362.
“would form . . . suffering and chaos”: TR to Crane, Oct. 22, 1902, LTR, 3:362.
“write letters . . . state of war”: Ibid.
“It is never well . . . drastic fashion”: TR, An Autobiography, p. 476.
“flock back to the mines”: The American Monthly Review of Reviews (Nov. 1902).
“made quite . . . the country”: Chicago Record-Herald, Oct. 5, 1902.
“a trifling”: The World (New York), Oct. 4, 1902.
“not the slightest . . . the strike”: TR to Crane, Oct. 22, 1902, LTR, 3, p. 361.
“In all the country . . . as would yours”: Morris, Theodore Rex, p. 164.
“the strongest . . . public opinion”: Sullivan, Our Times: America Finding Herself, Vol. 2, p. 437.
“Wherever the fault . . . curing the failure”: TR to Crane, Oct. 22, 1902, LTR, 3:362–63.
“last resort”: Morton Gitelman, “The Evolution of Labor Arbitration,” DePaul Law Review (Spring–Summer 1960), p. 182.
“a first-rate general . . . Commander-in-Chief”: TR, An Autobiography, p. 474.
“the operators . . . to the President”: Sullivan, Our Times: America Finding Herself, Vol. 2, p. 436.
“gave the word”: TR, An Autobiography, p. 475.
“The time . . . has come”: Sullivan, Our Times: America Finding Herself, Vol. 2, p. 437.
“perfectly welcome”: Cornell, The Anthracite Coal Strike of 1902, p. 211.
“Don’t hit till . . . hit hard”: Walter Wellman, “The Settlement of the Coal Strike,” American Monthly Review of Reviews (Nov. 1902).
“usurpation of power”: The American, Oct. 6, 1900, p. 485.
“any implication . . . was helpless”: Sullivan, Our Times: America Finding Herself, Vol. 2, p. 437.
“I am Commander in Chief . . . give the people coal”: James E. Watson in Wood, Roosevelt as We Knew Him, p. 112.
scheme of military seizure: TR, An Autobiography, pp. 475–76.
“the intervention . . . happened”: Ibid., p. 473.
“to get out . . . an interloper”: Root to TR, Oct. 11, 1902, in Philip C. Jessup, Elihu Root, 2 vols. (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1938), Vol. 1, p. 275.
“There cannot be . . . of the business”: Wright Report, p. 1177.
“The bones of it . . . this description”: Jessup, Elihu Root, Vol. 1, p. 276.
“We suggest . . . accepted by us”: “Operators statement,” Oct. 14, 1902, quoted in Sullivan, Our Times: America Finding Herself, Vol. 2, p. 440.
“it was a damn lie . . . fair on paper”: Jessup, Elihu Root, Vol. 1, p. 276.
“in view . . . of the case”: TR quoted in Morris, Theodore Rex, p. 167.
“It looked . . . accept with rapture”: TR, An Autobiography, pp. 468–69.
“Anthracite Miners . . . Affairs of Labor”: Bisbee [Arizona] Daily News, Oct. 21, 1902; Butler County [Hamilton, Ohio] Democrat, Oct 23, 1902; New York Tribune, Oct. 22, 1902.
“the people’s attorney”: SEP, April 4, 1903, p. 4.
“steady pressure of public opinion”: Public Opinion, Oct. 23, 1902.
“The child is born . . . member of society”: Carroll D. Wright to Dr. Graham Brooks, Oct. 18, 1902, in Jonathan Grossman, “The Coal Strike of 1902—Turning Point in U.S. Policy,” Monthly Labor Review, Oct. 10, 1975, p. 25.
“If it had not been . . . all my heart”: TR to J. P. Morgan, Oct. 16, 1902, LTR, 3:353.
“May heaven preserve . . . wooden-headed a set”: TR to ARC, Oct. 16, 1902, in TR, Letters from Theodore Roosevelt to Anna Roosevelt Cowles, p. 252.
“His injury . . . appeal of his character”: Lewis Gould, The Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012), p. 71.
“in the most quiet . . . entirely new thing”: Riis, Theodore Roosevelt, the Citizen, p. 378.
Each side put forth its best case: Sullivan, Our Times: America Finding Herself, Vol. 2, p. 445.
“We are witnessing . . . sphere of operation”: Morris, Theodore Rex, p. 169.
“I think it well . . . should be on file”: TR to Crane, Oct. 22, 1902, LTR, 3:359.
“sit supine
ly by” . . . resolution was reached: Ibid., p. 362.
“not strictly legal . . . his authority for?”: Thayer, Theodore Roosevelt, pp. 245–46.
“clear and masterful . . . justice prevail”: TR, Addresses and Presidential Messages of Theodore Roosevelt, 1902–1904 (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons [The Knickerbocker Press], 1904), p. 165.
“accentuates the . . . to start with!”: TR to Mark Hanna, Oct. 3, 1902, LTR, 3:337.
“Now I believe . . . all there is to it”: Sewall, Bill Sewall’s Story of Theodore Roosevelt, p. 112.
CHAPTER ELEVEN
Turnaround Leadership: Franklin Roosevelt and the Hundred Days
“Looking back . . . lived through them”: Perkins, The Roosevelt I Knew, p. 203.
“It is hard today . . . prolonged unemployment”: Ibid., p. 174.
“rock bottom”: Alonzo Hamby, Man of Destiny: FDR and the Making of the American Century (New York: Basic Books, 2015), pp. 169–70.
“We are at the end of our string”: Eric Goldman, Rendezvous with Destiny: A History of Modern American Reform (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2001), p. 323.
“No cosmic dramatist . . . accorded to Franklin Roosevelt”: Robert E. Sherwood, Roosevelt and Hopkins: An Intimate History (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1948), p. 40.
“When the American . . . vital, human need”: Ibid., p. 39.
“all rolled into one”: Jonathan Alter, The Defining Moment: FDR’s Hundred Days and the Triumph of Hope (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006), p. 61.
“the world literally . . . our feet”: Leuchtenburg, Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal, 1932–1940, p. 39.
“vital organs”: Alter, The Defining Moment, p. 1.
“the immediate . . . our economic system”: FDR, “Introduction,” PPA, 2:3.
“Panic was in the air”: Adam Cohen, Nothing to Fear: FDR’s Inner Circle and the Hundred Days That Created Modern America (New York: Penguin, 2009), p. 15.
“men of middle age . . . twenty-five years of work”: Ibid., p. 16.
“the full brunt of the Depression” . . . bolt their doors: NYT, March 19, 1933.
“seemed to have died . . . stillness of those streets”: Louise Van Voorhis Armstrong, We Too Are the People (Boston: Little, Brown, 1938), p. 50.
“that the whole house of cards”: Ernest Sutherland Bates, The Story of the Congress, 1789–1935 (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1936), p. 408.
“A thought to God . . . depths of despair”: James A. Farley, Jim Farley’s Story: The Roosevelt Years (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1948), p. 36.
“his face cupped in his hands”: “National Affairs: We Must Act,” Time, March 13, 1933, p. 11.
“This is a day of national consecration”: Rosenman, Working with Roosevelt, p. 91.
“the larger purposes . . . as a sacred obligation”: FDR, “Introduction,” PPA, 2:13–14.
“I had not realized . . . complete exultation!”: Henrietta McCormick Hull, A Senator’s Wife Remembers: From the Great Depression to the Great Society (Montgomery, Ala.: New South Books, 2010), p. 34.
chief justice: Frank Freidel, Franklin D. Roosevelt: Launching the New Deal (Boston: Little, Brown, 1952), p. 202.
“This is preeminently . . . fear itself”: FDR, “Inaugural Address,” March 4, 1933, PPA, 2:11.
“The people . . . national life”: Ibid., pp. 11–12.
“as a trained and loyal . . . other people’s money”: Ibid., p. 13.
“a stricken Nation . . . by a foreign foe”: Ibid., p. 15.
“steward of the people”: TR, An Autobiography, p. 464.
“every stress”: FDR, “Inaugural Address,” March 4, 1933, PPA, 2:15.
“Never before has . . . the oaths”: NYT, March 5, 1933.
“The new . . . his official family”: James A. Farley, Behind the Ballots: The Personal History of a Politician (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1938), p. 209.
“This is a strictly family party”: NYT, March 5, 1933.
“would all be able . . . happy occasion”: Farley, Behind the Ballots, p. 209.
“obtaining jurisdiction . . . bank holiday”: FDR, “The President Proclaims a Bank Holiday. Gold and Silver Exports and Foreign Exchange Transactions Prohibited. Proclamation No. 2039,” March 6, 1933, PPA, 2:26, note.
“to outline a . . . closing all banks”: Franklin D. Roosevelt, On Our Way (New York: John Day, 1934), p. 3.
“in an orderly manner”: FDR, “The President Proclaims a Bank Holiday. Gold and Silver Exports and Foreign Exchange Transactions Prohibited. Proclamation No. 2039,” March 6, 1933, PPA, 2:28.
“the air suddenly . . . corridors”: Katie Louchheim, ed., The Making of the New Deal: The Insiders Speak (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1983), p. 121.
“It seemed to . . . hold on life”: Freidel, Launching the New Deal, p. 206.
“the sense that life was resuming”: Louchheim, ed., The Making of the New Deal, p. 121.
“THE ERA . . . TO AN END”: Oelwein Daily Register (Iowa), March 11, 1933.
“THE GOVERNMENT STILL LIVES”: NYT, March 19, 1933.
“PERHAPS A LEADER HAS COME!”: Southwest Times (Pulaski, Va.), March 10, 1933.
“How does your husband . . . He decides”: Alter, The Defining Moment, p. 235.
“Nobody knows . . . man worked”: Fenster, FDR’s Shadow, p. 216.
“I never saw . . . worked harder”: Rosenman, Working with Roosevelt, p. 37.
“The remarkable . . . responsibility with a smile”: Freidel, Launching the New Deal, p. 215.
“big” men . . . “for the nomination”: NYT, March 19, 1933.
“set in party . . . against change”: Ibid.
“gallery of associates”: NYT, Nov. 20, 1932.
“a new mind . . . on this adventure”: NYT, March 19, 1933.
“Labor had . . . and unorganized”: Perkins, The Roosevelt I Knew, p. 144.
“The Madam”: Cohen, Nothing to Fear, p. 199.
“any suggestion . . . dying to hear it”: Perkins, The Roosevelt I Knew, pp. 145–46.
“the President outlined . . . involved were”: Perkins, Part 1, Session 1, p. 75, OHRO/CUL.
“the most drastic . . . ever taken”: Cohen, Nothing to Fear, p. 73.
“an anesthetic before the major operation”: Ibid., p. 76.
“the punctuation . . . turn upward”: Arthur M. Schlesinger, The Age of Roosevelt, Vol. 2: The Coming of the New Deal, 1933–1935 (New York: Mariner, 2003), p. 6.
a group of prominent bankers . . . a hand in the drafting of the bill: Freidel, Launching the New Deal, pp. 214–15.
“unscrupulous money changers”: FDR, “Inaugural Address,” March 4, 1933, PPA, 2:12.
“ran counter . . . of the moment”: Cohen, Nothing to Fear, p. 67.
“a complete picture . . . help and cooperation”: FDR, On Our Way, p. 8.
“Everyone was . . . weathered the storm”: Raymond Moley, The First New Deal (New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1966), p. 191.
“delighted with it”: Ibid., p. 177.
“Yes, it is finished . . . I’m finished too”: Schlesinger, The Coming of the New Deal, p. 7.
“to patch up failings and shortcomings”: George C. Edwards, The Strategic President: Persuasion and Opportunity in Presidential Leadership (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009), p. 114.
“to clear the financial arteries of the economy”: Schlesinger, The Coming of the New Deal, p. 4.
“it was copied . . . stenciling”: NYT, March 10, 1933.
“I cannot too strongly urge . . . banks and the people”: FDR, “Recommendation to the Congress for Legislation to Control Resumption of Banking,” March 9, 1933, PPA, 2:45–46.
“Here’s the bill . . . Let’s pass it”: Cohen, Nothing to Fear, p. 79.
“The House is burning . . . Vote, Vote”: Edwards, The Strategic President, p. 112.
“the unity that prevailed”: NYT, March 10, 1933.
“I am told that . . . I am going to try it”: Elmer E. Cor
nwell Jr., Presidential Leadership of Public Opinion (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1965), p. 143.
“unusually nervous”: James E. Sargent, Roosevelt and the Hundred Days: Struggle for the Early New Deal (New York: Garland, 1981), p. 100.
“His hand was trembling . . . with perspiration”: Anthony J. Badger, FDR: The First Hundred Days (New York: Hill & Wang, 2008), p. 40.
“fresh and fit”: NYT, March 9, 1933.
“because there is . . . somebody may forget”: FDR, “The First Press Conference,” March 8, 1933, PPA, 2:32.
“barber’s hour”: Steffens, The Autobiography of Lincoln Steffens, Vol. 2, p. 509.
“We were antagonists . . . was trying to do”: Smith, FDR, p. 310.
“Now as to news . . . there is any!”: FDR, “The First Press Conference,” March 8, 1933, PPA, 2:32.
“simply and unhurriedly . . . an old friend”: Schlesinger, The Coming of the New Deal, p. 561.
“know enough”: FDR, “The First Press Conference,” March 8, 1933, PPA, 2:30.
“Oh . . . a lot about banking”: FDR, “Press Conference of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, 1933–1945,” March 10, 1933, Digital Collection, FDRL.
“the most amazing . . . has ever seen”: Cohen, Nothing to Fear, p. 78.
“so swift-moving . . . of some Presidents”: NYT, March 12, 1933.
outlined the banking dilemma . . . straightforward terms: Freidel, Launching the New Deal, p. 215.
“a mason at work . . . My friends”: Amos Kiewe, FDR’s First Fireside Chat: Public Confidence and the Banking Crisis (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2007), p. 82.
“his face would . . . light up”: Perkins, The Roosevelt I Knew, pp. 69–70.
“talking directly . . . each person in the nation”: Rosenman, Working with Roosevelt, p. 92.
“I want to tell you . . . are going to be”: FDR, “The First ‘Fireside Chat’—An Intimate Talk with the People of the United States on Banking,” March 11, 1933, PPA, 2:61.
“If we could first . . . to do it”: AL, “A House Divided Speech, Springfield, Ill.,” June 16, 1858, CW, 2:461.
“When you deposit . . . under the mattress”: FDR, “The First ‘Fireside Chat,’ ” 2:61–64.
“A question you will ask . . . make it work”: Ibid., 2:63, 65.
“marvelous twentieth century . . . distance, and space”: The News Herald [Spencer, Ill.], May 12, 1933.