Leadership

by Doris Kearns Goodwin

  ———. Lincoln before Washington: New Perspectives on the Illinois Years. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1998.

  Wilson, Douglas L., and Rodney O. Davis, eds. Herndon’s Informants: Letters, Interviews, and Statements about Abraham Lincoln. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1998.

  Winik, Jay. April 1865: The Month That Saved America. New York: Harper Perennial, 2002.

  Wister, Owen. Roosevelt: The Story of a Friendship, 1880–1919. New York: Macmillan, 1930.

  Wood, Frederick S. Roosevelt as We Knew Him. Philadelphia: John C. Winston Co., 1927.

  Woods, Randall B. LBJ: Architect of American Ambition. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2006.

  Wordsworth, William. The Complete Poetical Works of William Wordsworth, Together with a Description of the Country of the Lakes in the North of England, Now First Published with His Works, Henry Reed, ed. Philadelphia: James Kay, Jun. and Brothers, 1837.

  Zinsser, William, ed. Extraordinary Lives: The Art and Craft of American Biography. Winter Park, Fla.: American Heritage Press, 1986.

  INDEX

  A note about the index: The pages referenced in this index refer to the page numbers in the print edition. Clicking on a page number will take you to the ebook location that corresponds to the beginning of that page in the print edition. For a comprehensive list of locations of any word or phrase, use your reading system’s search function.

  abolitionism, abolitionists, 17, 19, 103–4, 110–12, 117, 119, 212, 219–20

  see also Emancipation Proclamation

  Adams, Abigail, xiv

  Adams, John Quincy, xiv

  adversity:

  as agent for growth, 97–207

  AL’s growth through, 97–123, 130, 212–13

  as crucible for leadership, xiv–xvi, 130–33, 162, 201

  FDR’s growth through, 160–81, 274, 276, 280

  LBJ’s growth through, 182–207, 326

  LBJ’s leadership compromised by, 187–88

  transformation through, 116, 123, 127–32, 171–74, 188, 200, 201–2

  TR’s growth through, 124–59

  Africa, TR’s trips to, 26–27, 353–54

  African Americans:

  citizenship denied to, 120, 332, 337

  civil rights for, see civil rights; civil rights bill

  enslaved, see slavery

  LBJ’s support of, xvi–xviii, 93, 201–6, 306–43, 350–51

  in military, 231–33, 235–38

  in NYC police department, 6, 139

  voting rights for, 202–4, 331–37

  Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA), 301

  Alger, Russell A., 149–50

  Allred, James, 184, 187

  ambition:

  legacy and, 50, 54–55, 101, 105–6, 197, 199, 200, 227–28, 241

  roots and recognition of, 3–94

  American Revolution, xvi, 19, 355, 367–68

  Anderson, Clinton, 204

  Anthracite Coal Strike Commission, 268–69, 272

  Antietam, battle of, 147, 220, 227, 232

  Army, U.S., 64

  in CCC, 295

  proposed seizure of coal mines by, 266–87

  TR’s volunteer service in, 148–54, 251

  Ashmun, George, 366

  assassination:

  of AL, 345, 366–67

  attempted on TR, 354

  of JFK, 207, 306–11, 314–15, 327, 337, 338

  presidency assumed after, xvi, 52, 159, 207, 243, 252, 306–11, 353

  see also specific incidents

  Audubon, J. J., 26

  Badlands, N. Dak., 127–28, 149, 151, 188, 355

  Baer, George, 246–47, 249, 251, 260–63, 268

  Baker, Edward, 102

  banks:

  failures of, 273–76

  FDR’s stabilization plans for, 280, 283–93, 302–5

  Baruch, Bernard, 359

  Bates, Edward, 119–22, 212, 217–19, 224

  Benjamin, Walter, 46, 116

  Bennis, Warren, 97

  Berle, Adolf, 176–77

  Bethesda Naval Hospital, 198, 357

  “big stick” policy, 155–57

  binding arbitration, 270–71

  Birdwell, William Sherman, 86

  Black Hawk War, 13, 52

  Blaine, James G., 126–27

  Blair, Montgomery, 217, 219, 222, 224, 226, 227

  “Bloody Sunday,” 332–35

  Blunt, James G., 238

  Boettiger, John, Jr., 44

  Booth, John Wilkes, 366–67

  Boston, Mass., 51, 52, 62, 104, 111, 232, 263

  Brazil, rain forest of, 354, 356

  Breckinridge, John, 122

  Brooks, Noah, 228

  Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, 259

  Brown, George, 185, 198

  Brown, Herman, 185

  Brown, John, 120, 122

  Brown and Root Construction Company, 185

  Browning, Orville, 100, 232

  Brown v. Board of Education, 203

  Bruenn, Howard, 357–58

  Buchanan, James, xvi, 183, 212, 247, 257

  Buchanan, James P., 87

  Bundy, McGeorge, 339

  Burnside, Ambrose, 228

  Butt, Archie, 149

  Byrd, Harry, 313–16, 324, 347

  Byrnes, Tom, 137–38

  Calhoun, John C., 193

  Campobello Island, 44, 50, 52, 160–61, 166

  Cardozo, Benjamin, 279

  Carmody, John, 91–92

  Caro, Robert, 75

  Carpenter, Francis, 220, 229

  Emancipation Proclamation painting of, 216–17, 219, 220

  Carter, Cliff, 308

  Carter, Ledyard & Milburn, 40–41, 55

  cattle ranching, TR’s interlude in, 127–31, 149, 151, 188, 251

  ceremonies, purpose of, 336–37

  chance, 22, 40–41, 64, 87, 102, 121, 135–36, 153, 158–59, 256

  Chanler, Lewis Stuyvesant, 40, 56

  Chase, Salmon, 119–22, 212, 217, 219–21, 223–24, 231

  Choate, Joseph, 35

  Church, Frank, 204

  Churchill, Winston, 46, 361, 362

  Church of the First Parish, Concord, Mass., xvi

  cigar bill, 37–38, 54, 140

  circuit court system, 105–8

  Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), 294–96, 305

  civil rights, LBJ’s leadership defined by, xvi–xviii, 306–43, 346, 350–51, 93201–6

  Civil Rights Act (1957), 205, 321, 349

  Civil Rights Act (1964), passage and signing of, 326, 331–32, 338

  Civil Rights Act (1968; Fair Housing Act), 343

  civil rights bill (1957), 202–5

  LBJ’s three-act strategy for Senate passage of, 203–5

  civil rights bill (1964):

  LBJ’s focus on passage of, 316–38

  LBJ’s speech to Congress on, 333–35

  civil rights movement, 203, 320, 322, 325, 326, 327, 331–37

  Civil Service Commission, 132–36, 142

  Civil Service Law, 133–35

  civil service reform, 29, 38, 132–36

  Civil War, 27, 143, 147, 205, 238, 265, 338

  AL’s leadership defined by, xv–xvi, 211–24, 226–30, 232, 234–42, 290, 343, 363–64

  blacks in, 214, 231–33, 235–37

  end of, 363–64

  onset of, 211, 215, 283

  prelude to, 110–11, 120, 193

  reconciliation after, 355

  Thee’s avoidance of service in, 148–49

  Civil Works Administration (CWA), 297–98, 302

  Clark, E. E., 269

  Clark, Jim, 332

  Clay, Henry, 98, 109–10, 123

  Cleveland, Grover, 136, 138, 266

  Clinton, De Witt, 18, 98, 123

  Cohen, Wilbur, 336

  Colfax, Schuyler, 364

  collective bargaining, 251, 356

  collective interest, 234–36, 238–40

  com
pensated emancipation, 217

  compromise, 59, 110, 203–5, 216, 259, 304, 321, 340

  Compromise of 1850, 110–11

  Confederate States of America, 211, 214, 228, 336

  Congressional Leadership Breakfast, 313

  Congress, U.S.:

  accomplishments of 89th, 327–38, 349

  emergency banking bill passed by, 284–87, 291

  Hundred Day (73rd), 287, 291–92, 304

  institutional structure of, 188–89, 193

  LBJ’s relationship with, 310, 331, 336, 338, 346–47

  voting rights bill in, 333–35

  war on Spain declared by, 147

  Congress of Racial Equality, 317

  Conkling, James, 235

  Connally, John, 191

  Connally, Tom, 83

  Constitution, U.S., 19, 322

  AL’s research into framers of, 120

  presidential powers in, 215–19, 247–48, 257, 259, 265–67, 271–72, 279

  presidential succession in, 244

  slavery issues in, 17, 103–4, 111, 215, 240–42

  Thirteenth Amendment to, 240–41

  Cooper, James Fenimore, 25, 48

  Copperheads, 232, 234–35

  Corcoran, Tommy “the Cork,” 90, 91, 93

  corporate trusts, 253–56, 272

  Corsair, 267–68

  Cotulla, Tex., Mexican American school at, 75–77, 79, 85, 188, 191, 335, 336, 349

  court packing, 88, 194

  courts, courtrooms, 7, 105–9

  cowboys:

  in LBJ’s family background, 73, 94, 349

  TR’s interlude as, 127–31, 149, 151, 188, 251

  Cox, James, 65

  Craig, William, 256

  Crane, Stephen, 138

  Crane, Winthrop, 258, 265, 270, 271

  Crawford, Josiah, 7

  crisis management, TR’s leadership in, 243–72

  Crosby, Arthur, 153

  Cuba, 143, 145–54, 251, 306

  “Cuff-Links Club,” 67

  Cummings, Homer, 282

  Curtis, George William, 126

  Cutler, Arthur, 28, 32, 125

  Daniels, Josephus, 60–61, 64

  Davis, David, 108, 232

  Davis, Jefferson, 211, 239

  Davis, Richard Harding, 138, 153

  D-Day invasion, 359–60

  Deason, Bill, 83, 86

  “Death” (Turgenev), 161–62

  debates:

  between AL and Douglas, 112–18

  AL’s style of, 16–17

  teams and societies for, 33, 49, 77–79, 165, 182, 185

  decision making:

  incremental, 339–41

  rehashing of, 346–47

  Declaration of Independence, 114–15

  Delano, Franklin, 46

  Delano, Laura, 358

  Democratic Conference, 206

  Democratic National Conventions:

  of 1920, 65

  of 1924, 169–71, 281

  of 1932, 179–80

  of 1944, 359, 360

  of 1960, 205

  of 1964, 237

  Democratic Party, 11, 14, 15–16, 35, 36, 38, 40–41, 56–60, 65–66, 83, 88, 102, 103, 111, 126, 132, 136, 158, 165, 192, 197, 204–6, 230, 232, 234, 281, 287, 319, 323, 338, 354

  conservative, 179, 201–2, 204, 227

  progressive, 70, 179

  Senate whip and leader roles in, 195–204

  slavery issue and split in, 113, 117, 122, 212

  southern, 122, 190

  Depew, Chauncey, 353–54

  depression:

  of AL, xv, 97–102, 123, 130, 187–88, 228, 230, 241

  of FDR, 167–68

  of LBJ, 39, 183, 185–87, 189–90, 198–99, 206–7

  of TR, 125–27, 130–31, 142, 158, 188, 355–56

  destiny, ambition and sense of, 4–5, 9, 67, 79, 166, 241–42

  determination:

  of AL, 106–7, 119, 232–34, 239

  of FDR, 51, 162–64, 166–71, 281, 302

  of LBJ, 82, 182, 187, 188

  of TR, 24, 26–31, 36

  Dewey, George, 145, 147–48

  Dewey, Thomas E., 360

  Dickerman, Marion, 169–70, 171, 281

  Dies, Martin, 184

  Dietrich, Katie, 336

  Dirkson, Everett, 323–26, 347

  discharge petition, 318–20

  Donald, David Herbert, 5

  Douglas, Stephen, 110–18, 122, 368

  Douglas Democrats, 113, 117

  Douglass, Frederick, 230–32, 237–38

  Dow, Will, 128

  Draper, George, 162–63

  Dred Scott decision, 120

  Dumper, Arthur, 47–48

  Dwight, Theodore, 35

  Ealy, Sam, Sr., 72–73, 79, 94, 307, 349

  Early, Stephen, 66, 288

  economic gap, 244, 251, 256

  economy:

  Depression era crisis of, 273–75, 278, 303

  FDR’s recovery plan for, 280, 283–93, 302–4

  infrastructure improvements and, 17–18

  Edmunds, George, 126

  education:

  AL’s support for, 11–12, 19

  democracy and, 11–12, 19

  federal aid to, 329, 332, 337

  LBJ’s progressive goals for, 308–9, 329, 332, 335–37

  Eisenhower, Dwight, 203, 204, 308, 320, 350

  elections:

  of 1848, 103–4

  of 1860, 118, 121

  of 1912, 354–55

  of 1916, 355

  of 1920, 65, 180, 356, 357

  of 1924, 169–71, 201

  of 1928, 174–75, 180

  of 1932, 43, 50, 179–81

  of 1936, 327

  of 1944, 359–61

  of 1960, 205

  of 1964, 327, 328, 343

  of 1968, xv

  Elementary and Secondary Education Act, 335–36

  emancipation:

  AL’s leadership defined by, 211–42, 320, 336

  constitutional issues of, 17, 103–4, 111, 215, 240–42

  Emancipation Proclamation, 211–42, 265, 279

  amended version of, 221–23

  diverse cabinet reactions to, 216–31

  final version, signing, and issuing of, 227–28, 230–34, 241

  first draft of, 213, 216–20

  key statement of, 217–18

  popular response to, 231–33

  restrained language of, 217–18

  timing of, 233–34

  Emerson, Ralph Waldo, xvi, 116, 232

  Engle, Clair, 325

  Evans, Cecil, 74–75, 90

  executive powers, 215–19, 247–49, 257, 259, 265–67, 271–72, 279, 285–86, 329

  failure:

  AL’s resilience in, 12–13, 105–6

  changing direction after, 213–16, 301–4

  of LBJ’s vision, 338–43

  TR’s recognition and remedy of, 37, 262, 264–65, 271

  Fair Housing Act (Civil Rights Act of 1968), 343

  Farley, James, 279

  Farmer, James, 317

  farmers, farming:

  electricity for, 90–93

  failures and losses of, 273, 275

  in slavery containment metaphor, 114

  “fear of fear itself” speech, 277–78

  Fechmer, Robert, 295

  Federal Arts Project, 297

  Federal Communications Commission (FCC), 190, 302

  Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), 304

  Federal Housing Administration (FHA), 302

  Federal Reserve, 285

  Federal Surplus Relief Association, 301

  Federal Theater Project, 297

  Federal Trade Commission, 302

  federal troops, 252–53, 261, 266–67

  feminism, of Eleanor Roosevelt, 165–67, 289

  Ferris, Sylvane, 128

  filibusters:

  as FDR’s personal tactic, 91

  in Senate, 2
02, 203, 313, 322–25

  fireside chats, 289–93, 301, 305

  Fisher, O. C., 189

  Ford’s Theatre, 366–67

  Forquer, George, 16

  Fortas, Abe, 93–94, 311

  Fort Hudson, battle of, 238

  Fort Sumter, 215

  Fox Indians, 13

  franchise tax bill, 155–56

  Fredericksburg, battle of, 228, 232

  Free Soil Party, 117, 212

  Fugitive Slave Law, 110–11

  fugitive slaves, 17, 104, 110–11

  Fulbright, J. William, 341, 343

  Garfield, James, assassination of, 134

  Garland, Hamlin, 138

  Garner, John Nance, 180, 318

  Garrison, William Lloyd, 241

  Gettysburg, battle of, 238

  Glass-Steagall Act, 303

  Goldschmidt, Arthur, 93

  Goldwater, Barry, 327, 328

  Gompers, Samuel, 37–38, 140, 246, 259

  Goodwin, Doris Kearns:

  LBJ’s relationship with, xvii, 346–52

  scholarship on four leaders by, xiii–xv

  Gould, Jay, 36

  graduated emancipation, 221

  Graham, Katharine, 320

  Grant, Ulysses S., 238, 364

  Great Britain, 35, 220, 228, 359

  Eleanor Roosevelt’s education in, 54

  FDR’s planned state visit to, 361–62

  Great Coal Strike (1902):

  crisis management team assembled in, 258–60

  negotiation failure in, 258–64, 268

  potential perils of, 247–48, 267

  public opinion on, 260, 263, 265

  roots and onset of, 246–47

  successful resolution of, 269–71

  TR’s crisis management exemplified in, 243–72, 355

  violence in, 252–53, 258, 261, 263

  Great Depression, 86, 326

  FDR compared to Hoover on, 180–81

  FDR’s leadership defined by, xvi–xvii, 177–81, 273–305

  LBJ’s political career impeded by, 77

  onset of, 177–78

  terminal crisis state of, 273–76, 278

  Great Society:

  derailed by Vietnam War, 330, 338–43

  as inclusive, 335, 338

  LBJ’s presentation speech for, 328

  LBJ’s progressive agenda for, xvii, 326–38, 341

  LBJ’s proposal for Vietnam version of, 340–41

  signing ceremonies for programs of, 335–37

  tenets and goals of, 327, 332, 335–37

  Grigsby, Nathaniel, 6

  Groton School, 40, 47–52, 61

  Gunther, John, 281

  Hamlin, Hannibal, 103, 227, 228

  Hanks, Sophie, 9

  Hanna, Mark, 158, 244, 262

  Hardin, John, 102

  Harding, George, 224

  Harding, Warren, 66, 274, 298

  Harrison, Benjamin, 132

  Harte, Bret, 34

  Harvard, 73

  author’s career at, 346–47, 350

  FDR’s education at, 40, 49–53, 60, 61, 94