Zibaldone

by Leopardi, Giacomo

  Resignation. 302,4. 466,1. 614,2. 618,1.2. 1653,2. 2107,1. 2159,1. 2208,2. 2876,1.

  Resolution, lack of. 245,1. 538,1. 539,1. 595,2. 1998,1. 2391,1. 2529. 3040,1.

  Retreat of the ten thousand, compared to the conquest of Mexico. 2479,2.

  Revenge. 72,3. 829,1. 1794,1. 3795,1. 3942,2.

  Rhetoric. Rhetoricians. Their scant philosophy, derided. Demetrius and his book on elocution. 4216,1. See Music.

  Rhyme. 1207,1. 1907,1.

  Rhythm, varies over the various centuries of each literature; as it changes, it changes the language and the style, etc. Considerations on Rhythm. 4026,7. 2793,2. 2827,1. See Harmony.

  Richness of languages. 1486,1. 1499,2. 1822,1. 1969,1. 1995. 2386,3. 2397,2. 2415,3. 2508. 2581, margin. 2630,2. 2633,1. 2655,2. 2715,3. 2755,1. 3860,2. 4050,7. 4052,1. 4055,6. 4102,5. 4202,1. 4291,2.

  Ridicule in writing, witticisms, etc. 1393,1. 1774,2. See Comic writers.

  Rights of princes to the throne. Legitimacy. 4137,2.

  Roman writers under the first emperors. 459,1. 463,1.

  Romans. Latins. Their language, literature, customs, etc. See separate slips, with the title Romans. Latin peoples. Wrote, spoke, etc., in Greek. 988,1. 999,2. 1025,1. 1518,1. 1363,1. 2165,1. 2166,1. 2609,1. 4173,8.

  Romans, the foremost, under the same. 474,2.

  Romans virtuous on the basis of philosophy. 2245,1.

  Romanticism. See separate slips, with the title Romanticism.

  Rome, the only city condemned to obey foreign princes, Emperors, and Popes, peacefully, regularly, without being conquered. 4157,2.

  Rough breathing in Greek turned into s. 109,2. 983,4. 1276,1. 2143,1. 2195,1. 2329,1. 2889,1. 3071,1. 3815,3. 4035,4. 4154,1. 4172,12. 4182,1. 4196,4. 4208,3. 4234,1. 4243,4. 4245,8. 4255,4. 4265,3.

  Running together of vowels. 1157,1. 1151,1. 2316,1. 3706. 3731,4. 4028. See Aeolic digamma. Diphthongs. Synizeses. V, letter.

  S

  Sacrifices. 2208,1. 2367,3. 2387,1. 2497,2. 2630,1. 2669,1. 3638,3. 3798. 3894,2. 4001,1. 4126,6.

  Sacrifices of self. 3480,1. 3837,1. 4103,6. Magnanimity once, cowardice today. 2440. Require self-esteem, etc. 2923,2. 4283,2. Are sacrifices of egoism to egoism. 3168,1. Conditions which lead to their being made. 3291,1. See Compassion. Good deeds.

  Sanskrit (language). 928,2. 955,2. 975,1. 979,1. 983,3. 984,1. 995–6. 1010. 2351,1. 2746,1. 2783,4. 2822. 3017,1. 3941. First discovered by an Italian in the sixteenth century. 3018,1. 4245,7.

  Satire. Satirical. See Comic writers.

  Scholastics. Their vocabulary, useful to modern philosophy, etc. etc. 1222. 1317,1. 1465,1. 1467,1.2. 1468,1.

  Sciences and Letters. 1356,2. 1708,1.

  Sciences, exact, i.e., leaving out the moral sciences, etc., will never be written about with art of style. 2725,1.

  Scientific (books or discourses). 1372,1. 2725,1.

  Scientists, should be poets a little. 58,2. 1372,1.

  Scripture. See Bible.

  Seasons, whether they get colder all the time, as is said. Passage from Magalotti. 4241,5.

  Secrets. 339,2. 1535,1. 2471,1.

  Self-confidence and Lack of self-confidence. 960,1. 3188.

  Self-esteem. Is in inverse proportion to the respect someone has toward his own science, profession, etc. 4285,5. In someone who is famous, and deserves to be, is always less than it is in others toward him. 4062,1. Need for it which even the basest feel. 3480,1. People whose company is enduringly pleasurable are simply those whose respect we think it is worth acquiring and increasing continually. 4294,5.

  Self-love. 57,4. 133,1. 390,1. 507,2. 516,2. 610,1. 646,2. 822,1. 872,1. 958,1. 960,2. 1100,1. 1164,1. 1210,1. 1382,2. 1431,1. 1545,1. 1723,1. 2153,2. 2204,2. 2219,2. 2315,1. 2410,1. 2493,2. 2495,1. 2496,1. 2499,1. 2736,1. 3107,1. 3291,1. 3471,1. 3773,1. 3813,1. 3842,2. 3846,2. 3921,1. 4037,6. 4127,9. 4242,1. See Pleasure (Theory of).

  Sensations, images, and thoughts that are experienced without any operation of either external objects or of the will. 183,4. 1384. 1454,1. Inclination of man toward sensations in themselves. No sensation is indifferent. 4060,1.

  Sensibility. See Vitality.

  Sensibility. Feeling. 232,1. 703,4. 718,1. 1011,1. 1448,1. 1584,1.2. 1648,1. 1691,1. 1882,1. 1974,1. 2107,1. 2159,1. 2229. 2342,1. 2672,2. See Men, sensitive.

  Sentimental. See Novels. Sentimental love, born of the use of clothes. 3301,1.

  Servants. 106,1. 4275,1.

  Shame. Modesty. 650,1. 1329,1.

  Shy people. Shyness in society, etc. 3488,2. 4037,6.

  Shyness, attractive. 3765,1.

  Si in Italian, sibi, etc. etc., redundant. 3971, margin. 4046,3. 4083,5. 4110,4. 4237,9.

  Sight, the keenest of the senses. 1943–4.

  Simplicity. 237,2. 1365,1. 1404,1. 1411,1. 1449,1. 1689,1. 1915,1. 2037,2. 2498,1. 2545,1. 3047,1. 3050,1. 3490,1. See Naturalness.

  Simplicity of the system of human and universal nature. 2133. 2637.

  Skepticism. See Doubt.

  Slavery. 911,1. 3420,1. 4117,9. 4121,6. 4275. See Foreigners. Rights of Slaves in Athens. 4245,1. In Cuba. 4280,3.

  Sleep. 193,1. 3895,1.

  Smells. The sense of smell. 1537,1. 1803,1. 1940,1.

  Social Machiavellianism. 195,1. 196,2. 197,1. 206,1.2. 220,1. 233,2. 283,1. 334,1. 463,2. 476,2. 496,2. 507,2. 612,2. 663,1.2. 669,1. 724,2. 930,1. 960,1. 978,1. 1083,1. 1291,1. 1387,2. 1431,1. 1594,1. 1673,1. 1721,1. 1727,2. 1728,1. 1787,3. 1866,2. 1880,1. 1885,1. 1903,2. 2155,4. 2258,1. 2259,1. 2271,1. 2342,1. 2401,3. 2429,1. 2436,1. 2441,1. 2473,1. 2568,1. 2582,1. 2611,1. 3061,1. 3183,1. 3360,1. 3466,1. 3520,1. 3545,1. 3546,1. 255,2. 3684,1. 3720,1. 4037,6. 4058,1. 4096,2. 4140,2. 4153,5. 4172,8.9. 4188,8. 4194,1. 4197,8. 4201,8. 4247,1. 4268,1. 4280,1. 4285,5. 4286,5. 4294,5.

  Societies of animals. See Animals.

  Soldiers, inclined to women, love, compassion; individuals and nations. 3765,1.

  Solitude. 633,1. 636,1. 653,1. 678,3. 717,3. 2471,1. 2684,1. 3410,1. 3676,1. 4259,5. Necessary to the metaphysician. The reflective man, leading a solitary life, devotes himself naturally to abstract philosophy, and the philosophy of universal nature, etc. 4138,3.

  Song and Sound. 1721,2. 1759,1. 1927,2. 2017,1. 3426,1.

  Sophists, ancient Greek. What their difference from Classical writers consists in. 3472,1.

  Southern. See Character, Southern. Northern. Eastern.

  Spanish. 620,1. 314,1. 886,1. 1709,1. 2479,2. 2608,3. 3577,1. 3855,1. 4031,1. 4261,2. 4265,1. Their language, literature, etc. 768. 805. 1024,3. 1035. 1156. 1499,2. 1845,1. 1993,2. 2181,1. 2221,2. 2236,1. 2326. 2462,2. 2464,1. 2608,3. 2783. 3066. 3070. 3074,3. 3324,1. 3366,1. 3372,2. 3544. 3572,1. 3829,1. 3851,2. 3855,2. 3946,2. 3992,5. 3998,4. 4005,5. 4021,3. 4022,4. 4040,7. 4046,1.6. 4053,6. 4054,4. 4062,4. 4067,1. 4068,1. 4069,1. 4076,1. 4088,1. 4099,1. 4101,4.10. 4103,4. 4104,5. 4111,1. 4112,4.8. 4113,2. 4116,5. 4118,1. 4120,4. 4121,5. 4122,4. 4123,6. 4126,9. 4127,1.3.8. 4134,1. 4146,7. 4157,5. 4160,3. 4161,4. 4163,1.4.6. 4164,1.4.9. 4245,2. 4246,5.

  Spanish (language and literature). Observation on these, and how they might help the Italians. Their character, history, etc. 3389.1, 3829.1, 3855.1, 3956.2, 4055.6.

  Spartans and Martyrs. 44,4. Example of Spartan constancy or stoicism, mixed with stupidity. 4183.1.

  Speed, pleasurable. 1999,1.

  Sperare for aspettare. 3571,2. 4123,9.

  Speusippus. What human knowledge owes to him. 334,2.

  Spirit. Spirituality of the soul, etc. 601,4. 1025,1. 1054,1. 1262,1. 1388,1. 1615,2. 1635,2. 1657,1. 1691,2. 1764,2. 2073,1. 2311. 2479,1. 3341,1. 3497,1. 4111,3. 4206,4. 4251,3. 4288,2.

  Spirit (esprit). 3854,.2. 3881,4. 3886,4.

  Spring, makes people more discontented with their state, etc. etc. 2752,1. 4250,1. See Winter.

  Strength, boldness, poetic, etc., of the style, the languages, etc., of the ancients. 1470,1. 1988,1. 2172,1. 2239,2. 2288,1. 3567. 3863,2.

  Style. It can constitute poetry on its own; and to have poetic style alone, you have to be a true poet. 2050,1. 2056,1. 2468. 2979–80. 3
388,1. 3717,1. Barbarous style never coexisted with good language, nor vice versa. 3398–9. 3419. What the art of style consists in. 2611,2. 3952,1. Its difficulty. 2725,1. 3673,1. 3952,1. 4021,5. Proper exclusively to the ancients. 2914,1. 3439,1. 4213,7. French and moderns do not have style. 2906,2. Among the ancients, style was all. 4213,7. Style is difficult to distinguish from language. 2906,2. Its effect, substantially different in different readers. 3952,1. Anyone who writes today and tries to find the perfect style is writing for the dead. 4240,1. Style useless today, and yet, without style, literary immortality impossible. 4268,7. See Art of composition. French (style). French and moderns.

  Style, Greek and Latin. Its character. 3401,1.

  Sub in compounds, meaning in su. 3003. 3711,2. 4014,1. 4160,8. 4197,1. 4283,4.

  Sublimity in writing. 3490,1.

  Substantive verb essere, and other verbs among the most usual and necessary, irregular in all languages. 1390,1. See Sum es est.

  Suicide. 183,3. 273,2. 484,1. 503,1. 829,2. 1547,1. 2241,1. 2492,1. 2549,1. 3883. Commoner in ancient times among the old than among the young, today the reverse, and why. 2987,3.

  Sulla. 135,1. 629,1.

  Sum es est. Its ancient conjugation, its participles, etc. 1120,1. 1390,1. 2142,1. 2352. 2659,1. 2663,5. 2783–5. 2821,3. 2894,1. 2926,2. 3742,2.3. 3759,1. 3849,1. 3885,1. 3937,2. 3940,1. 3999,2. [cf. Z 3742–43] 4008,3. 4086.4 4096,1. 4121,11. 4155,1. See Substantive verb.

  Superstition. 3894,2.

  Supreme good. See End, or Supreme good of man.

  Syllogism. 1771,1.

  Symbols. See Mythology.

  Symmetry. 186,1. 1259,1.

  Synizeses. 1151,1. 2247,2. 2339,1. 2656, margin. 2889,3. 3351,1. 3684,6. 3735,1. 4036,6. 4103,3. See Running together of vowels. Diphthongs, etc.

  Synonyms. 1477,2. 1494,1. 1499,2. 1504,2. 1520,1.2. 2715,3. 2835,3. 3633,1.

  Systems in philosophy. 945,1. 1089,1. 1090,1. 1091,1. 2705,3–2712,1. 3977,1. Great proof of the progress of the human spirit and the sciences: no new system of physics has arisen since Newton’s time. 4056,4.

  T

  Tacitus. Livy. 1353. 2043. 2409–10. See Tiberius.

  Tales. See Mythologies.

  Tales and children’s stories: 1401.1.

  Talking to oneself. 153,1. 393,1.

  Tasso. 462,1. 700–2. 727. 803–4. 1178, end. 2999,1. 3095,2. 3173,1. 3415. 3525,3. 3590,1. 3768,1. 3884,1. 4160,10.

  Tasso and Dante, both poets who suffered misfortune; yet the first interesting and arousing compassion, the second not; and why. 4255,6.

  Taste. Genius. 1187ff. 1646,1.

  Tastes, different. Good taste, bad taste, etc. 1404,1. 1411,1. 1434,2. 1668,1. 1669,1. 1671,1. 1688,2. 1699,1. 1733,1. 1940,1.2. 2184,1. 2596,1. 2636,1. 3206,1. 3210,1. 3229,1. 3952,1. 3984,2. 3988,1. 4020,2. 4188,8.

  Teaching. See Education.

  Technical or scientific (words). 1213,1. 1233,1. 1237,1. 1238,2. 1329,1. 1338,2. 1422,2. 1424,1. 1465,1. 1467,1.2. 1468,1. 1520,2. 1701,1. 1843,1. 2594,1. 2635,1. 2721,1–4. 3192,1. 3235,2. 3764,1. 4102,5. See Lexicon, universal.

  Testi (Fulvio). 23,6. 28,3.

  Theaters. Theatrical and dramatic plots in Greek culture; and how much more interesting than modern ones. 4203,1.

  Theology, in what ways it has benefited the human spirit. 1465,1. 1467,1.2. 1468,1.

  Theophrastus. See Aristotle.

  Three successive stages of youth. 4180,3.

  Three ways of seeing things. 102,2.

  Thunder, pleasurable, and why. 4293,4.

  Tiberius (character of). Perhaps not as calculating and political as he is painted. 4194,1.

  Time. Use of time. 43,2. 1075,2. See Negligence. Idea of the duration of time, how relative and varied it is. 3509,1.

  Time and space. Ideas or names, not things. 4181,1. 4233,1.

  Tobacco. 4188,1.

  Tombs. 471,1.

  Too much is the father of nothing. 714,1. 1176,1. 1260,2. 1653,2. 1776,2. 2274,1. 2478. 2656,3. 3951. 4026,6. See Wish, intense.

  Tragedies, Greek. Their true spirit and poetic purpose. 3482,1.

  Tragedies with happy endings. 3122. 3448,1.

  Translations. 12,3. 319,2. 323,1. 962,1. 988,2. 1001,2. 1086,2. 1683,1. 1926,1. 1946,1. 1973,1. 2014. 2025,1. 2083. 2101,1. 2134,1. 2451,3. 2845,1. 3441,1. 3475,1. 3672,2. 3954,1. 3972,1. 4191,4. 4211,7. 4213,7. 4263,2.

  Triumphs among the Romans. 1016,1. 1445,2.

  True. One whose mind is capable only of pure truth cannot properly know what is true. 1961,3. See Imagination, the extent to which it serves philosophy, etc.

  Truth. No truth can be known perfectly. 1090,1. 1091,1. 1239,1. 1838,1. It is useful to seek the proof of known truths. 1239,1. Manner in which great truths are discovered. 1347,1. 1975,1. 2019,2. 3269,1. 3382,2. 3552,2. 3881,4. 4108,4. Way in which they are communicated. 1583,1. See Progress of the human spirit. All truths have several facets. 1632,1. 1766,1. 2527,1. 3956,3.

  Turks. Hatred against the Turks, etc., in the sixteenth century. Crusades. 3127ff.

  Tuscan (Vernacular). 1245,2. 1436. 2062. 2063,1. 2122,1. 2126,1. 2180,2. 2516. 2525,1. 2542,1. 2699–700. 2721,1. 2811,2. 3011ff. 3041,1. 3921,1.[3920,1]. 3964,3. 4030,10. 4147,6.

  Two great poets or writers in the same genre, difficult to find in one and the same literature. 801,1.

  Tyranny. 252,1. 274,1. 314,1. 507,1. 573–4. See Despotism, etc.

  U

  U, letter. See I, U, Y. O, U.

  Unhappiness, human (evidence of). 1974,1. 2410,1. 2549,1. 2796,1. 2861,1. 2883,1. 3622,1. 4138,2. 4167,12. 4191,5. 4287,1. Moral evidence. 4283,8.

  Unhappiness, one’s own. One should never make a show of it. 2401,3.

  Unhappiness, thought of as blame, and a sign of wickedness, and divine hatred, by the ancients. 2463,2. 3342,1. 4021,1. 4078,2. 4088,2. 4166,3. 4188,6. 4213,2. 4248,2.

  Uniformity of modern nations, etc. 147,1. 151,1. 659,1. 700,1. 721,1. 1386,1. 1459,1. 1516–7. 1629,1. 1831,2. 1889,1. 1999,2. 2405,1. 3863,2. See Variety.

  Universality of languages. 838,1. 936,2. 993,1. 999,2. 1001,1. 1012,2. 1022,1. 1028,5. 1029,3. 1038,1. 1045,1. 1513,1. 1518,1. 1581,3. 1985,1. 1973,1. 2007,1. 2112,1. 2166,1. 2284,2. 2402,1. 2428,2. 2609,1. 2619,1. 2622,1. 2633,1. 2643,3. 2655,3. 2693,1. 2731,2. 2735,1. 3066,1. 2353,1. 2354,1. 3366,1. 3816,5. 3972,1. 4050,5.7. 4108,2. 4118,3. 4173,8. 4211,7. 4237,3. 4243,3. See Language, universal.

  Useful and delightful. See Pleasure and Usefulness.

  Utopias among the ancients. 3469,1.

  V

  V, letter. 1125–8. 1136, margin. 1139,1. 1276,1. 1806,2. 2320,1. 2778–9. 2879,2. 2881,1.[2880] 3169,2. 3235,1. 3624,2. 3698,1. 3704,1. 3708,1. 3715,1. 3723,1. 3731,4. 3744,2. 3756,3. 3843,2. 3848,1. 3852,5. 3853,1. 3872,1. 3881,3. 3885,1. 3895,2. 3960,2. 3988,2. 4009,5. 4013,2.4. 4011,2. 4014,3.5. 4030,5. 4035,4. 4036,3. 4037,4. 4043,1. 4044,4. 4052,4. 4054,2. 4093,6. 4101,5. 4126,10. 4132,1. 4146,8. 4148,6. 4158,6. 4161,2. 4162,13. 4182,7. 4208,1[?] 4246,7. 4281,1. 4282,6. 4286,3. 4290,2. See Aeolic digamma. F, letter.

  V, confused with g or gu, etc. 1678,1. 1983,2. 2986,2. 3005,2. 3547,3. 3731,2. 3939,2. 3942,1. 4009,2. 4054,2. 4082,5. 4087,1. 4144,2. 4150,5. 4154,6. 4188,2. 4239,1. 4246,2.8. 4268.4. 4281.1 4294,3.

  Vague. Pleasure of the vague or indefinite. 75,1. 169,1. 185,1. 472,1. 514,1. 646,2. 1017,1. 1025,1. 1429,1. 1430,1. 1464,1. 1534,1. 1573,1. 1744,1. 1777,2. 1826,2. 1827,2. 1900,1. 1927,2. 1930,1. 1962,1. 1982,2. 1999,1. 2053,1. 2251,1. 2257,2. 2263,1. 2350,1. 2629,2. 2645,2. 2804,1. 3909,1. 3952,1. 4060,1. 4286,6. 4293,2.4.

  Variety. 51,3. 128,2. 147,1. 186,1. 368,1. 721,1. 1022,1. 1028,1. 1045,1. 1386,1. 1459,1. 1507,2. 1629,1. 1655,1. 1826,2. 1827,2. 1831,2. 1966. 2405,1. 2599,1. 2661,1. See Monotony. Uniformity.

  Variety in the physiognomy of animals, foreigners, etc., in foreign writings, etc., is not usually recognized, and why. 1399,1. 2563,1. 2564,1.

  Vastness, pleasurable. 2053,1. 2629,2.

  Verse. Versification. 1695,1. Modern poetry is better suited by prose. 2171,1.

  Vigor, bodily. 96,1. 109,3. 115,2. 130,1. 152,1. 1
63,1. 254,1. 280,3. 324,4. 473,3. 661,2. 1420,2. 1581,1. 1597,1. 1631,2. 1633,1. 1699,2. 1800,2. 1953,1. 1975,1. 2204,1. 2455,1. 2544,1. 2753–5. 3180. 3552,2. 3835,1. 3881,4. 3921,1. 4289,1. See Exercise of the body. Wine, etc.

  Virgil. 3417. 3719. 4067. See Epic. Homer.

  Virtue. 893,1. 978,1. 1100,1. 1554,2. 1827,1. 2156,1. 2245,1. 2473,1. 2574,1. Was synonymous with strength, and mention was made only of strong virtues. 2215,1. 3134,1. 4268,6. Whether great virtues and great actions are possible without great vices and crimes; problem to be resolved with the experience of modern civilization. 4289,2.

  Virtue and Rectitude arising from base and egoistical character. 3316,1.

  Vitality. See Mortality and Vitality.

  Vitality. Sensibility. The living being’s degree of self-love and unhappiness is in proportion to these. 1382,2. 1584,1.2. 2410,1. 2493,2. 2495,1. 2496,1. 2629,3. 2673,3. 2736,1. 2861,1. 3291,1. 3773,1. 3835,1. 3842,2. 3846,2. 3921,1. 4037,6. 4074,1. 4133,2.

  Vitality. Vigor of the body. Sensibility. Whether these lead to happiness. They serve as concerns action, and distraction of self-love. External and internal life. Degrees of aptitude to happiness, considered in different animal species, different sexes, ages, nations, national or individual states, etc., in relation to the vigor or weakness of the body. 3921,1. 4074,1.

  Vivacity, has nothing to do with talent. 1770,3.

  Vivacity in general of everything in natural persons. 1770,1, 1798,2. See Inclination of man to vivacity, to life.

  Volere, ἐθέλɛιν, etc., meaning potere. 2919,1. 4002,4. 4034,2. 4046,2. 4118,12. 4140,10. 4153,1. 4162,6. 4164,8. 4174,1. 4191,1. 4201,1. 4243,6. 4248,1.

  Volere, βούλɛσθαι, etc., meaning dovere. 4162,5–7. 4179,3. 4196,3. 4200,2. 4246,4.

  W

  War. 3784, margin. 3789,1.

  Wars, ancient, modern wars. 872,1. 930,2. 1004,2. 1016,1. 1362,1. 1422,1. 1879,2. 1911,2. 2305,2. 2389,1. 2397,1.

  Weakness, attractive. 108,1. 164,1. 196,1. 211,1. 220,3. 221,1. 233,4. 281,1. 940,2. 1522,1. 1990,1. 3553,2. 3610. 4255,6.

  Weakness, bodily, produced by civilization, etc. See Illnesses.

  White Moors, or Albinos, known also in antiquity. 4125,1. 4206,1.

  Wicked. See Innocent.

  Wine. 324,4. 496,2. 1581,1. 1800,2. 3269,1. 3552,2. 3881,4. See Drunkenness. Pleasure of wine, a mixture of bodily and spiritual. 4286,4.