names: see nāmans; nāmans of Kṛṣṇa
Nammāḻvār 25, 83, 112
Nanda: as embodiment of vātsalya-rasa 90, 98, 285, 297, 301–302; festival of 195; as foster parent of Kṛṣṇa 2, 35, 88, 90, 201, 206, 231, 255; as headman of Vraja 201, 202, 204; house of 269; Kṛṣṇa in care of 1, 90, 201, 205, 255; Kṛṣṇa as son of 47, 179, 232–233, 249, 280, 285; and līlā/play 35, 88, 206, 301–302; as lord of Vraja 47, 202, 233, 280, 285; Nanda’s Vraja or cowherd encampment 201–202, 205, 206, 371n8; as nitya-siddha/eternally perfect being 35, 90, 98, 297, 301–302; as parikara/pārṣada/eternal associate 35, 88, 90, 98, 258, 285, 297, 301–302; as rāgātmikā bhakta 98, 297, 301–302; and transcendent loka/abode of Kṛṣṇa 264, 353n163; and transcendent Vraja/Vṛndāvana/Goloka-Vṛndāvana 35, 88, 98, 258, 285, 297, 301–302
Nandīśvara 221, 231
Nara and Nārāyaṇa 71; as līlā-avatāra 53fig2, 62–63, 336n99; as vaibhava līlā-avatāra 53fig2, 62–63
Nārada 63, 128, 130, 132–135, 139, 206, 223, 246, 273; as āveśa-avatāra 53fig2, 67; as āveśa līlā-avatāra 53fig2, 64, 67; invested with bhakti-śakti 67; as līlā-avatāra 53fig2, 64, 67, 336n99
Nārada Purāṇa 119, 122, 125, 148, 210, 374n69
Nārāyaṇa: abode of 218, 226, 227–228, 379n148; and avatāras 287; as boar Varāha 347n33; body of 292–293, 347n33; and Brahmā 347n33; as Brahman 114; and divinized tantric body 286–287, 292–293; as first puruṣa-avatāra, Kāraṇābdhiśāyin Viṣṇu 57, 298; as four-armed form 37, 49, 54; images of 390n65; and Kṛṣṇa 49, 54, 71, 73, 114, 175, 218, 226, 227–228, 287, 298; and Lakṣmī 390n65; name of 173, 174–175, 185–186; as object of tantric ritual worship 286–287, 292–293; as presiding deity of Paravyoman 49, 54, 71; śaktis of 287; seven-syllable mantra of 287; as supreme Godhead 46, 73, 227, 286; as vaibhava-vilāsa 52fig2, 73, 335n77, 390n64; and Veda(s) 114, 347n33; as Viṣṇu 37, 46, 57, 73, 114, 173, 186, 218, 226, 227, 228, 286–287, 298, 347n33; as Viṣṇu-Nārāyaṇa 114, 347n33; and Vyāsa 42; and vyūhas 46, 54, 227, 228, 287; see also Viṣṇu
Nārāyaṇa Bhaṭṭa 3, 228, 230, 235–236, 249–250, 267, 380n173, 384n249
Narayanan, Vasudha 323n41, 324n47, 325n67, 338n132, 338nn134–135, 346n18, 346n21
Narottama Dāsa 102
Nāth, Niradprasād 376n104
Nātha, Rādhāgovinda 257, 329n103, 379n158
Nāṭya-Śāstra (Bharata) 86–87, 91, 340n11, 341n34, 371n171
Nāyaṉārs 23–24
Nelson, Lance E. 344n77
Nicholson, Linda 322n28
Nimbārka 26, 354n168
Nimbārka or Sanakādi Sampradāya 26, 371n3
Nityānanda 192, 194
nitya-siddhas: see parikaras or pārṣadas
Novetzke, Christian Lee 24, 295, 325n67, 327n79
Nṛsiṃha: as avatāra 287, 288; as līlā-avatāra 53fig2, 60, 61–62, 335n79, 336n99; as one of daśa-avatāras 60, 61; as parāvastha līlā-avatāra 53fig2, 61–62; as vaibhava-vilāsa 52fig2, 335nn78–79
Nṛsiṃha Purāṇa 186
nyāsa (ritual placement of mantras) 274, 280, 286–288, 289, 291, 292–293, 390n58
Nyāya 111, 121, 344–345n7
Ohnuma, Reiko 324n48
Olivelle, Patrick 324n47
Om 161, 165–166, 167–168, 169–170, 179, 273, 274, 364nn42–43, 364n47, 365n50
O’Neill, John 321n20, 321n23, 322n27
Ong, Walter J. 342n47
Otto, Rudolf 339n5
outcastes 171, 173, 184–185, 190, 365n63, 366n69, 367n117
Packert, Cynthia 320nn12–14, 339n143, 342n55, 379n167, 380n169
Padmanābha: as vaibhava-vilāsa 52fig2, 335n77, 390n64
Padmapāda 357n227
Padma Purāṇa 39, 48, 109, 110, 113, 119, 121, 122, 125, 132–139, 148, 180, 182, 183–184, 193, 200, 210, 212–213, 216–228, 229, 237, 239, 246, 248–249, 252, 262, 268, 271, 272, 274–277, 282–283, 319n3, 331n25, 334n56, 344n1, 353–354n167, 354n168, 354n174, 355n203, 355–356n206, 356n212, 370n161, 376n98, 376n101, 376n104, 377n115, 377n123, 378n133, 378nn140–141, 378n143, 379n145, 379n148, 379n150, 380n179; see also Bhāgavata Māhātmya of Padma Purāṇa; Vṛndāvana Māhātmya of Padma Purāṇa
Padoux, André 362n1, 365n51
Padyāvalī (Rūpa Gosvāmin) 328n89, 366n78
Pāñcarātra Saṃhitās 217–218, 274, 286; see also Āgamas; Tantras; specific texts
Pāñcarātra traditions xiii–xiv, 29, 46, 54, 73–74, 166–167, 169, 217–218, 224, 228, 273, 274, 285–289, 292–293, 306–308, 326n75, 327–328n81, 333n51, 338n132, 388n6, 388n13, 390n60
Pañcaviṃśa Brāhmaṇa (Tāṇḍya Brāhmaṇa) 363n30, 363–364n36
Pāṇini 20–21
Paramātman: and adherents of śānta-rasa 89–90, 279, 305; as antar-yāmin/indwelling Self of cosmos bodies/macrocosmos 20, 32, 56, 69–70, 298, 299; as antar-yāmin/indwelling Self of jīva bodies/microcosmos 20, 32, 56, 70, 279, 299; and Bhagavān 20, 32–33, 40, 44, 45–46, 56, 90, 152, 279, 298, 304–305, 330n3; and Brahman 20, 32–33, 40, 43–44, 45–46, 152, 279, 298, 304–305, 330n3; as intermediary or partial aspect of Kṛṣṇa 32–33, 40, 44, 45–46, 56, 90, 152, 279, 304–305; and jīva-śakti 33, 299; and māyā-śakti 33, 298, 299; and meditation 89–90, 279, 305; as saviśeṣa/differentiated 43–44, 205; as source and ground of puruṣa-avatāras 56, 69–70, 298, 299; and Viṣṇu 56, 69–70, 89, 279, 298, 299, 305; and yoga-mārga 44, 89, 305; see also Garbhodakaśāyin Viṣṇu; Kāraṇābdhiśāyin Viṣṇu; Kṣīrodakaśāyin Viṣṇu
Paramātma Sandarbha (Jīva Gosvāmin) 28, 31, 33, 331–332n28, 332n43
Paraśurāma: as āveśa-avatāra 53fig2, 67; as āveśa līlā-avatāra 53fig2, 64, 67; invested with vīrya-śakti 67; as līlā-avatāra 53fig2, 60, 64, 67, 336n99; as one of daśa-avatāras 60, 64
Paravyoman 334n56; as abode of eternal gods 283; abodes of avatāras in 49, 56, 71, 177, 245, 251, 269, 297, 311; abodes of vaibhava-vilāsas in 49, 54–55, 56, 71, 73, 74, 78, 177, 297, 311; as beyond Brahman 48, 49, 70–71, 283, 298, 302, 310; as beyond material realm of prakṛti 48, 49, 57, 70–71, 298, 302, 310; as beyond material space-time continuum 48, 55, 70–71, 296, 310; as eternal 48, 310; and Kṛṣṇaloka 48, 49, 54, 70–71, 74, 251, 256, 296, 297, 298, 310, 311; Mathurā-maṇḍala as greater than 269; Nārāyaṇa as presiding deity of 49, 54, 71; as nonmaterial 48, 283, 302, 310; as petals of lotus-maṇḍala 49, 70–71, 256, 296, 297, 298, 310, 311; and svarūpa-śakti 48, 310; as transcendent domain 48, 49, 54, 55, 70–71, 74, 78, 177, 245, 251, 269, 296, 298, 310; as Vaikuṇṭha 245, 269; Vaikuṇṭhas of 49, 71, 73, 251, 256, 297; see also Vaikuṇṭha
Pargiter, F. E. 350n88
parikaras or pārṣadas (eternal associates of Kṛṣṇa): attendants of Kṛṣṇa as 35, 88, 90, 98, 285, 297, 301–302; beyond illusory power of māyā-śakti 143–144; companions of Kṛṣṇa in Vraja or Vṛndāvana as 35, 88, 90, 99, 266; descent of 35, 254; and Dvārakā 250, 251, 254; elders of Vraja as 90, 98, 285, 297, 301–302; emulation of or identification with 98, 278, 285, 290–291, 293, 301–302; eternally connected with Kṛṣṇa 246; gopas/cowherds as 35, 88, 90, 98, 246, 251, 255, 264, 266, 280, 285, 288–289, 297, 301–302; gopīs/cowmaidens as 35, 88, 90, 98, 246, 251, 280, 285, 288–289, 290–291, 297, 301–302; and līlā/play 35, 88, 92, 93, 99, 155, 246, 250, 251, 255, 264, 266, 280, 281, 285, 292, 301–302, 385n257; mahiṣīs/queens as 251; manifest on more than one plane simultaneously 266; and Mathurā 250, 251, 254, 255; and meditation 99–100, 278–279, 280–281, 285, 288–289, 290–291, 292, 293, 302–303; Nanda as 35, 88, 90, 98, 258, 285, 297, 301–302; never subjected to bondage 92, 304, 314; as nitya-siddhas/eternally perfect beings 35, 90, 92, 93, 98, 290–291, 297, 301–302, 304, 310, 314; as paradigmatic embodiments of rasas 90, 98, 285, 290–291, 297, 301–302; possess nonmaterial bodies composed of pure luminous being 290, 297, 310, 314; as rāgātmikā bhaktas 98, 297, 301–302, 304; as residents of Vraja 98, 266, 278, 290–291, 304; and smaraṇa or līlā-smaraṇa/remembering or contemplative reco
llection 98, 99–100, 278–279, 280, 302–303; and svarūpa-śakti 33, 34, 35, 88, 297; and transcendent Vraja/Vṛndāvana/Goloka-Vṛndāvana 35, 88, 92, 93, 98, 99, 246, 250, 251, 254, 255, 258, 264, 266, 278, 280, 281, 285, 288–289, 290–291, 292, 293, 297, 301–302, 304, 314; Yādavas as 251, 255; Yaśodā as 35, 88, 90, 98, 258, 285, 297, 301–302
pārṣadas: see parikaras or pārṣadas
Pārvatī 216
Pātañjala Yoga 13, 14, 15, 29, 32, 37, 40, 43–46, 70, 84, 85, 89–90, 103–107, 111, 277–278, 304–306, 324n56, 324n58, 344n78, 344–345n7; see also aṣṭāṅga-yoga
Patton, Laurie L. 345n11
Patwardhan, M. V. 340n10
Pechilis, Karen 322n34, 324n49
Peirce, Charles Sanders 77, 300, 338n137, 391n3
philosophical schools 11–13, 30, 32, 36, 40, 45–46, 84, 103, 111, 142, 159, 296, 303, 304, 306, 344–345n7, 345n11; see also Darśanas; specific schools
pilgrimage: see tīrtha-yātrā
pitṛs (ancestors) 16, 125, 164, 310
Polhemus, Ted 321n23
Pollock, Sheldon 324n42, 345n8, 345n14, 346n15
Potter, Karl H. 324n54, 344n77
Powers, John 323n41
Prabhākara 142, 357n226
Pradyumna: as one of ādi-catur-vyūhas 54, 74, 253, 260, 297; as one of catur-vyūhas/four vyūhas 46, 54, 56, 73–75, 225, 227, 253, 260, 283, 297, 307; as prābhava-vilāsa 52fig2, 54, 74, 297; as second puruṣa-avatāra, Garbhodakaśāyin Viṣṇu 53fig2, 56–57, 58, 74–75; as son of Kṛṣṇa 54, 253; as vaibhava-vilāsa 52fig2, 54, 56, 74
Prahlāda 82–83, 120, 339n5, 350n78
Prajāpati: body of 18, 23, 326n74; and Brahmā 118, 143, 144, 169, 178, 357n230; brings forth all beings 18, 144, 164, 178; brings forth three worlds 164; as creator 18, 23, 143, 144, 163–165, 178, 326n74, 357n230, 363n30; and gods 164; and Om 165, 364n43; and priestly functions 163–164, 363n30; as primordial ṛṣi/seer 163; as Puruṣa 18, 163; and speech 143, 163–165; structures an ordered cosmos 18, 163, 164; as supreme god 163; and three vyāhṛtis 164–165; and Veda(s) 23, 118, 143, 144, 163–165, 178; and yajamāna/sacrificial patron 18; and yajña/sacrifice 18, 163–164, 326n74; see also Brahmā
Prakāśānanda Sarasvatī 42
prakāśas (divine manifestations) of Kṛṣṇa 46, 50, 51, 52fig2, 66, 71, 72, 334n68, 334–335n70, 392n10; definition 51; as nondifferent from Kṛṣṇa’s svayaṃ-rūpa/essential form 51, 68; prābhava-prakāśas 51, 52fig2; two classes of prakāśas 51, 76; vaibhava-prakāśas 51, 52fig2, 54, 72–73, 334–335n70
prakāśas (divine manifestations) of Rādhā: mahiṣīs/queens as vaibhava-prakāśas 72–73
prakṛti (primordial matter) 12, 13, 14, 32, 33, 35, 39, 43, 47, 48, 49, 56, 57, 58, 70–71, 85, 88, 94, 99, 105, 106, 125, 132, 152, 160, 167, 175, 177, 181, 182, 209, 210, 216, 220, 222, 225, 227, 244, 245, 251, 252, 258, 259, 261, 264, 265, 270, 283, 290, 298, 299, 301, 302, 305, 309–310, 315, 353n163, 378n140; see also guṇas; tattvas
Prasad, Sheo Shanker 350n79, 351n118
Praśna Upaniṣad 365n50
Pratāparudra 192–193, 195, 196
pratisarga (secondary creation) 50, 56, 58, 59, 60, 69, 70, 71, 75, 116, 119, 298, 299, 336n87
preman or prema-rasa (pure transcendent enjoyment of supreme love) 20, 35–36, 41, 45, 72, 73, 86, 88–89, 90, 91–92, 93, 95, 101, 103, 107, 133, 134, 140, 153, 154, 177, 183, 186–188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 194, 195, 196, 197, 221–222, 226, 230, 231, 232, 233, 239, 241, 244, 248, 251, 258, 259, 268, 285, 289–290, 297, 300, 303, 306, 333n47, 339n5, 342n57
Prentiss, Karen Pechilis 24, 323n41, 324nn46–47, 325n67, 326n78
pretas (ghosts) 16, 310
Price, Janet 322n28
Prīti Sandarbha (Jīva Gosvāmin) 28, 84, 331–332n28, 333n47, 340nn19–20, 340n23, 341n27, 342n57, 343n62
processual bodies 16–20, 17fig1, 312, 325nn60–61, 391n7; see also ascetic bodies; devotional bodies; purity bodies; ritual bodies; tantric bodies
Pṛśnigarbha: as līlā-avatāra 53fig2, 62–63, 336n99; as vaibhava līlā-avatāra 53fig2, 62–63
Pṛthivī 211, 212, 215–216, 240, 247
Pṛthu: as āveśa-avatāra 53fig2, 67; as āveśa līlā-avatāra 53fig2, 64, 67; invested with pālana-śakti 67; as līlā-avatāra 53fig2, 64, 67, 336n99
pūjā (ritual offerings) 4, 21, 24, 66, 97, 137, 213, 248, 289, 295
Purāṇas: as apauruṣeya/uncreated 145, 178; and Being 145, 146–147; as best source of valid knowledge in Kali Yuga 145; and Bhāgavata Purāṇa 127, 141, 149, 150, 178; and Brahmā 122, 146; cross-sectarian Purāṇas 114, 125; emphasis on both śabda/sound and artha/meaning 123–124; as extended Vedic canon 110, 144–146, 178, 224; as fifth Veda 111–112, 120–121, 122–123, 145–146, 358n248; and Itihāsas 111–112, 120, 121, 122, 123, 127, 145–147, 178, 358nn247–248; and Kṛṣṇa/Bhagavān 132, 151; Mahāpurāṇas 63, 119, 135–136, 155, 349n69; as nitya/eternal 145, 178; as nondifferent from Vedas 145, 178; nonsectarian Purāṇas 114, 125; primordial Purāṇa 121–122, 145, 146–149; Purāṇa Saṃhitā 121–123, 148–149; as Purāṇa-Veda 109, 112, 121, 123, 125; Purāṇic canon 118–120; recitation of 123–124, 131; Śaiva Purāṇas 114, 125; Śākta Purāṇas 125; as smṛti texts 111, 120, 127, 145, 178; as socially inclusive scriptures 123–124, 131; and śruti 111, 120, 145, 178; transcendent authority of 224; Upapurāṇas 119; Vaiṣṇava Purāṇas 114, 125, 386n289; vedacizing strategies of 111, 113, 118, 120; Vedic status of 112–113, 117, 118, 121, 124, 141, 143, 145–146, 148–149, 178, 345n13, 358n247; and Vyāsa 63, 117, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 128, 144–145, 146–149, 271, 360n306; written transmission of 124; see also specific Purāṇas
Purī 27, 28, 55, 78, 192, 195, 196, 232, 234, 268, 370n165
purity bodies xiii–xiv, xv, 16, 17fig1, 19, 20, 391n7
puruṣa(s): as beyond embodiment 13, 104; body of 17–18; as cosmic Man 17–18; and eighteen-syllable mantra 259; as eternal 13, 14, 104; as formless 32, 37, 70, 89, 305; as four-armed 59; Kṛṣṇa as ādi-puruṣa 258, 260; Kṛṣṇa as Mahāpuruṣa 69; Kṛṣṇa as primordial Puruṣa 128, 151–152, 203; Kṛṣṇa and puruṣa(s) 32, 37, 44, 259, 305; Kṛṣṇa as supreme Puruṣa 44, 45, 154, 172, 305; as luminous 14, 106, 305; and meditation 14, 59, 89, 128, 151–152; as nonchanging 14, 32, 43, 106, 305; plurality of 14, 32, 44, 305; Prajāpati as Puruṣa 18, 163; and prakṛti 13, 14, 43, 106, 258, 259, 305; as pure consciousness 13, 14, 106, 305; realization of in kaivalya 14, 43, 106, 305; as Self 13, 14, 43, 59, 70, 89, 104, 106, 305; as thousand-headed 58, 70; as ultimate reality 13; and yajña/sacrifice 17–18, 163; see also avatāras of Kṛṣṇa: puruṣa-avatāras
puruṣārthas (four ends of human life) 187, 239, 268, 368n131, 381n187, 387n306
Puruṣa-Sūkta (Ṛg-Veda 10.90) 16, 17–18, 19, 163, 164
Puruṣottama: embodied in mūrti/image of Jagannātha 55; as supreme Puruṣa 44, 305; as vaibhava-vilāsa 52fig2, 55, 335n78
Pūrva-Mīmāṃsā 40, 111, 121, 141–143, 145, 146–147, 159, 160, 178, 344–345n7, 345n14, 357n226
Pūrva-Mīmāṃsā-Sūtras 142, 143
Puṣṭi Mārga 2, 4, 26, 29, 132, 199, 201, 211, 306, 320n11, 371n6
Pūtanā (infant-slaying demoness) 205, 206, 221
Rādhā 338n129; as anonymous gopī 35; as cowmaiden lover of Kṛṣṇa 4, 5, 73; descent of 35, 73; enthroned with Kṛṣṇa in pericarp of lotus-maṇḍala 193, 225, 227; as eternal consort of Kṛṣṇa 6–7, 35, 72, 96–97, 225; as favorite/most beloved gopī 4, 243–244, 280; as female counterpart of Kṛṣṇa 72–73, 392n10; gopī body of as paradigmatic female body 72; gopīs as emanations or partial manifestations of 35, 72, 73, 90, 225; gopīs as kāya-vyūhas of 73; gopīs as sakhīs/companions of 193; and Haribhaktivilāsa 288, 390n65; as highest in hierarchy of bhaktas 340n23; as Kṛṣṇa’s beloved 231, 234, 244, 260; lakṣmīs as vaibhava-vilāsas of 73; and līlā/play 5, 6–7, 35, 72, 73, 90, 96–97, 231, 234, 256, 280, 376n104; love-play with Kṛṣṇa 5, 73, 231, 244, 280, 376n104; as mahā-śakti of Kṛṣṇa 72–73; mahiṣīs/queens a
s vaibhava-prakāśas of 72–73; and meditation 225, 227, 275, 280; as mūla-prakṛti 225; as object of Kṛṣṇa’s self-referral dalliance 72, 180; as perfect embodiment of mādhurya-rasa 90; and preman 72, 73, 90; as pūrṇa śakti of the śaktimat 72, 180; as quintessential expression of bliss of hlādinī-śakti 35, 72, 73, 90, 256, 392n10; and Rādhā-kuṇḍa 215, 231, 234, 243–244; and transcendent Vraja/Vṛndāvana/Goloka-Vṛndāvana 5, 35, 73, 90, 256, 260, 280; and yoga-pīṭha 4, 193, 225, 233
Rādhādāmodara: and Jīva Gosvāmin 235; mūrti/image of 235; and Rūpa Gosvāmin 235; temple of 235; and Vṛndāvana 235
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