by Conrad Black
Pitt, William, the Younger
Pius IX, Pope
Pius XII, Pope
Platt, Thomas
Plowshare
Poincaré, Raymond
Poland; anti-communism in; vs. Czechoslovakia; and Hitler; postwar borders of; revolt in; Solidarity movement; Soviet control in; strong currency of; war casualties; Warsaw uprising; and World War I; and Yalta Declaration
Polk, James Knox; as capable president; and central banking; and Mexico; and Oregon
Polk Doctrine
Pol Pot
Pompidou, Georges
Poos, Jacques
Pope, John
Populist Party; and Bryan; on gold standard; on Philippines
Portugal: in EU; as imperial power; and NATO; vs. Spain; in World War I; and World War II
Powell, Colin L.
Prevost, George
Princip, Gavrilo
Progressive Citizens of America
Progressive Party; isolationism of
Progressive Republicans
Prohibition; and Hoover; Roosevelt repeal
Prohibitionists
Prussia: and Bismarck; and Franco-Prussian War; and French Revolution, 100; as Great Power; in Holy Alliance; Napoleon’s defeat of; in Seven Years’ War; see also Bismarck, Otto von
Pueblo, USS
Puerto Rico
Pulitzer, Joseph E.
Putin, Vladimir
Qaeda, al-
Quakers
Quayle, J. Danforth
Quezon, Manuel
Rabin, Yitzhak
Radford, Arthur
Radical Republicans
Radio Free Europe
Raines, Claude
Ramsay, Sir Bertram
Randolph, Edmund; and Burr trial
Randolph, John
Rayburn, Sam; and FDR; and Kennedy staff; on MacArthur; power of
Reagan, Ronald; achievement of; as actor; arms buildup; on arms control; assassination attempt on; Berlin Wall speech; and economy; election of; vs. Ford; and Gorbachev; as governor; and Grenada; and Iran-Contra scandal; and Lebanon; and Nicaragua; power displays; and Saudi Arabia; and SDI (missile defense); on Soviet espionage; and student radicals; tax reduction; and Thatcher; on welfare
Reconstruction; and carpetbaggers
Reconstruction Acts
Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)
Red Scare; espionage arrests; McCarthy; and Yellow Peril
Rehnquist, William
Reid, Whitelaw
Relief and Construction Act
Republican Party: anti-slavery origins; divisions in; in FDR administration; Frémont nomination; on gold standard; and Goldwater; and LBJ; Lincoln election; on New Deal; and pure capitalism; Radical faction; and Reagan; on T. Roosevelt; winning streaks; on world peace
Reston, James
Reuther, Walter
Revere, Paul
Reynaud, Paul
Reynolds, Maria
Reynolds, William
Rhee, Syngman
Ribbentrop, Joachim von
Rice, Condoleezza
Richardson, Elliott
Richardson, J.O.
Richardson, WA.
Rickover, Hyman
Ridgway, Matthew B.
Robertson, James
Robertson, William
Robinson, Joseph T.
Rochambeau, Jean-Baptiste, Count de
Rockefeller, John D.
Rockefeller, Nelson A.; as vice president
Rockingham, Charles Wentworth, Marquis of
Rodney, Sir George (Admiral)
Rogers, William P
Romania: Ceausescu execution; de Gaulle in; vs. Germany; and Hitler; Nixon in; and Stalin
Rommel, Erwin
Romney, George
Romney, W Mitt
Roosevelt, Eleanor
Roosevelt, Franklin D.; on appeasement; as aristocratic; on “arsenal of democracy,” banking measures; at Cairo Conference; and Casablanca; and Catholics; and Chamberlain; and Churchill; as “conjuror,” Court-packing scheme; death of; defense buildup; and de Gaulle; as dissembler; elections of; fireside chats; on Four Freedoms; on France; and George VI, G.I. Bill of Rights; Good Neighbor policy; health condition; on Hitler; Hitler’s ridicule of; on Hoovervilles; “hundred days,” on India; “infamy” speech; and isolationists; and Japan embargo; and Jewish refugees; and Latin America; Lend-Lease; lessons from predecessors; in Navy department; “New Deal,” as New York governor; on occupation zones; party purge effort; and Pearl Harbor; and polio; postwar vision; Smith nomination; on Somoza; on Stalin; undeclared war of; as vice presidential nominee; and Vichy regime; war mobilization
Roosevelt, Kermit
Roosevelt, Theodore; Amazon travel; assassination attempt on; belligerence of; character of; as conservationist; in Cuba (Rough Riders); death of; domestic reform agenda; European travel; and financial panic (1907); Japan–Russia mediation; on Lincoln; on Louisiana Purchase; Medal of Honor; Monroe Doctrine redefinition; on Morocco; and naval construction; “New Nationalism,” as New York governor; Nobel Peace Prize; on Paine; and Panama Canal; Philippine Government Act; and Preparedness Movement; racial tolerance of; in Spanish-American War; “Square Deal” anti-trust policy; vs. Taft; as vice president; on War of 1812; on Wilson; and World War I
Roosevelt, Theodore, Jr.
Root, Elihu; and naval disarmament; on world court; and World War I
Root-Takahira Agreement
Rosecrans, William
Rosenberg, Ethel
Rosenberg, Julius
Rostow, Walt Whitman
Rough Riders
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques
Ruckelshaus, William
Rumsfeld, Donald
Rundstedt, Gerd von
Rush, Richard
Rush-Bagot Agreement
Rusk, Dean; on MacArthur; as secretary of state; and Vietnam
Russell, John, Lord
Russell, Jonathan
Russell, Richard
Russia; and Alaska; arms limits; vs. Japan; in Pacific Northwest; post-Soviet elections; revolution in; in Seven Years’ War; and War of 1812; see also Soviet Union
Russian Republic: oligarchs; and Putin; and Yeltsin
Sackville-West, Sir Lionel
Sadat, Anwar; assassination of; and Camp David Accords
Sade, Marquis de
Safire, William
Said, Nuri as-
Sainteney, Jean
Sakharov, Andrei
Salan, Raoul
Salisbury, Robert-Gascoyne Cecil, Marquess of
Samoa
Sandinistas
Santa Anna, Antonio López de
Saudi Arabia: and Eisenhower (Suez crisis); Khobar Towers attack; and Nixon; oil power of; and Reagan; Wahhabis inand Yom Kippur War
Saxony
Schacht, Hjalmar Horace Greeley
Schlieffen, Alfred von
Schmidt, Helmut
Schurz, Carl
Schuschnigg, Kurt von
Schuyler, Philip
Schwarzkopf, Norman
Scopes trial
Scott, Dred
Scott, Hugh
Scott, Winfield: and Canada; in Mexican War; vs. South Carolina nullifiers; and Union Army; in War of 1812; as Whig candidate
Scowcroft, Brent
Securities and Exchange Commission
Sedition Act
segregation
Serbia: and Balkan wars; and World War I
Sergeant, John
Seven Years’ War; in America; British debt from; in Europe; and Franklin; French losses; and Louisbourg; and Louisiana Purchase; and maritime rights; Peace of Paris; and Quebec; and West Indies
Sevier, John
Sewall, Arthur
Seward, William Henry; Alaska acquisition; anti-slavery views; and Mexico; as presidential candidate; and Republicans; as secretary of state
Seymour, Horatio
Shamir, Yitzhak
Sharon, Ariel
Shelburne, William Petty-FitzMaurice, Earl of
Shelby, Isaac
Sheridan, Philip H.
Sherman, James Schoolcraft
Sherman, John
Sherman, Roger
Sherman, William Tecumseh; and Johnston surrender; in presidential race
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Sherman Silver Purchase Act
Shevardnadze, Edward
Shirley, William
Shriver, R. Sargeant
Shultz, George P
Sihanouk
Simon, Sir John
Simon, William
Sinatra, Frank
Sino-Japanese War (1894–96)
Sirica, John J.
Six-Day War
slavery: abolitionism; as Achilles’ heel; Amistad mutiny; and Britain; and California statehood; Compromise of 1850; Congo trade abolished; congressional debate on; Constitution compromise on; Creole mutiny; and Dred Scott; economics of; emancipation; Fugitive Slave Act; Harper’s Ferry; hypocrisy on; Jackson policy; and Jefferson; Kansas dispute; Kansas-Nebraska Act; Lincoln-Douglas debates; Missouri Compromise; Nat Turner’s rebellion; and secessionism; and Texas; and Unionism; and Washington; Wilmot Proviso on; see also Civil War
Slidell, John
Smith, Alfred E.
Smith, Robert
Smith, Samuel
Smoot-Hawley Tariff
Smyth, Alexander
Snow, Edgar
Social Democrats
Social Security
SocialistParty
Somalia
Somoza, Anastasio
Sonnino, Sidney
Sons of Liberty
Soule, Pierre
South Africa
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO); and Vietnam
South Korea: and Carter; Nixon in; success of; see also Korean War
South Vietnam; abandonment of; see also Vietnam War
Soviet Union; and Afghanistan; alcoholism in; and Angola; and arms-control talks; Azerbaijan conflict; and China; collectivization; Cominform; Comintern; containment strategy on; in Czechoslovakia; disintegration of; embassy exchange; espionage by; ethnic division in; in Finland; at four-power summit; German invasion of; and Gorbachev; and Hungarian uprising; and ICBMs; KAL 007 shoot-down; “missile gap” with; and Nazi-Soviet Pact; Nixon state visit; nuclear parity with; nuclear program; nuclear test ban; peaceful transition in; Poland partition; and Reagan’s SDI; Sputnik & space program; and U-2 fiasco; World War II casualties; and Yom Kippur War
Spain; and American Revolution; civil war in; and Cuba; decline of; and Latin America; and Louisiana Purchase; Madrid bombing; at Paris peace talks; and Philippines; in Seven Years’ War; and Treaty of San Lorenzo
Spanish-American War
Spark, Muriel
Sparkman, John J.
Spellman, Francis J. Cardinal
Sputnik
Stalin, Joseph; and atom bomb; on Attlee; and Balkans settlement; Berlin blockade; and Churchill; death of; and defectors; on de Gaulle; and Eisenhower; and FDR; at foreign ministers’ conference; and Hitler; and Hopkins; and Korea; on Lend-Lease; and Overlord; postwar agenda; at Potsdam; purges by; and separate peace temptation; on Truman; underestimates America; and Warsaw Uprising; at Yalta Conference; Yalta violations
Stamp Act
Standard Oil Company
Stanton, Edwin
Stark, Harold
“Star-Spangled Banner, The,”
Stennis, John
Stephens, Alexander
Stephens, John L.
Stettinius, Edward
Steuben, Friedrich, Baron von
Stevens, Thaddeus
Stevenson, Adlai E.; on nuclear test ban; as presidential candidate
Stevenson, Adlai, Jr.
Stilwell, Joseph
Stimson, Henry L.: on atom bomb; on Britain’s war scars; and FDR; and Preparedness Movement; as secretary of state; as secretary of war
Stobo, Robert
Stockton, Robert F.
Stoddart, Benjamin
Stowe, Harriet Beecher
Straight, Willard
Strang, Sir William
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT)
Strategic Arms Reduction Agreement (START)
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)
Strauss, Lewis
Stuart, J.E.B.
Suez crisis
Suharto
Sukarno, Kusno
Sumner, Charles; on Confederate states
Suvorov, Alexander
Swallow, Silas C.
Sweden; and Norway; and Seven Years’ War
Swift, Benjamin
Switzerland; individual rights in; as “porcupine,”
Syria; and Egypt; and Hezbollah; and Jordan; and Nixon; and Six-Day War; and Yom Kippur War
Taft, Robert A.
Taft, William Howard; budget discipline; Canada trade policy; China policy; domestic reform; on League of Nations; and Philippines; presidency of; vs. Roosevelt; on Supreme Court; as war secretary
Taft-Hartley Act
Taiwan; defense of; and Nixon; success of; and Vietnam; see also Formosa
Taliban
Talleyrand, Charles Maurice; at Congress of Vienna; and Louisiana Territory; on Napoleon
Tammany Hall
Taney, Roger B.; and Dred Scott
Tanzania
Tariff of Abominations
Tarleton, Banastre
Taylor, Glen H.
Taylor, Maxwell
Taylor, Zachary: election of; and Mexican War; presidency of
Teapot Dome scandal
Tecumseh
Tedder, Sir Arthur
Templer, Sir Gerald
Tennessee Valley Authority
Tenure of Office Act
terrorism: Bali; Beirut (1993); in Clinton years; London; Madrid; World Trade Center
Texas; annexation & slavery issue; and Mexican War
Thailand
Thatcher, Margaret: and Falklands; and German reunification; and Gorbachev; and Grenada; and Gulf War; on nuclear talks; and Reagan; retirement of
Thieu, Nguyen Van; and Johnson; and Nixon; as refugee
Thomas, George H.
Thomas, Jesse
Thomas, Norman
Thompson, Llewellyn
Thompson, Sir Robert
Thomson, Charles
Thurman, Allen
Thurmond, Strom
Tilden, Samuel J.
Tito, Josip Broz
Togliatti, Palmiro
Tompkins, Daniel D.
Tories
Torrijos, Omar
Tower, John
Townshend, Charles
Townshend, George
Townshend Acts