Bill O'Reilly's Legends and Lies

by David Fisher

  ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

  There are many people whose efforts made this project possible. I would like to express my appreciation to our editorial director, Gillian Blake, whose calm management of a complex project under difficult conditions has been superb. Literary agent Paul Fedorko of N.S. Bienstock brought all the disparate pieces together and was always there with a solution when difficulties arose. And as Paul will happily admit, he could not have done so without his assistant, Sammy Bina.

  Coordinating this book with the television series being created by Warm Springs Productions of Missoula, Montana, has been made easy by line producer Bridger Pierce, whose enthusiasm for telling this wonderful story resonates on every page, and among the many people who have assisted him are Keith Palmer, Ajax Broome, and Jason Broome.

  The beautiful illustrations that bring to life this colorful period in our history were cultivated and selected by Liz Seramur, Emily Vinson, and Adam Vietenheimer, along with Nancy Singer, who also created the book’s artful and complementary design. The following people provided invaluable assistance in finding the images: John Waggener and Victoria Allen, American Heritage Center, University of Wyoming; Alyssa Bentz, Wells Fargo Corporate Archives; Jeff Corrigan, the State Historical Society of Missouri; Eileen Price, Center for Southwest Research, University of New Mexico; Hayes Scriven, Northfield Historical Society; Loren McLane, Fort Smith Historic Site; Stephen Spence, National Archives at Kansas City; Jacquelyn Slater Reese, Western History Collections, University of Oklahoma; Gregory M. Walz, Utah State Archives and Utah State History; Karen Douglas, Kit Carson Home; Thomas Haggerty and Wendy Zieger, Bridgeman Collection; Glenn Bradie and Alison Rigney, Everett Collection; Brandt Buell and Michelle Graham, Getty Images; Sarah Steele and Silka Quintero, Granger Collection; Ashley Morton and Joergen Birman, National Geographic Creative; Peter Rohowsky and Jennifer Belt, Art Resource; Dave Alexander, Legends of America. A very special thanks to copy editor deluxe Jane Hardick, whose passion for clarity and accuracy has made a huge difference.

  Several people assisted me with my research, including Rob Farwell, Dusty Pendleton, and Steve Boynton, whose efforts I truly appreciate.

  Completing a project like this requires continued support through long days and nights, which I always get from my beautiful wife (and America’s finest yoga instructor!), Laura Stevens, and the small but confident dog who shared those hours with me, Willy.

  And finally, I would also like to express my deepest appreciation to Bill O’Reilly for making it possible for me to participate in this project.

  BIBLIOGRAPHY

  The following books were excellent sources for general background on the Old West.

  Calloway, Colin G. New Worlds for All: Indians, Europeans and Remaking of Early America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005.

  Cody, William F. An Autobiography of Buffalo Bill. New York: Farrar and Rinehart, 1920.

  Custer, George Armstrong. My Life on the Plains; or, Personal Experiences with Indians. New York: Sheldon & Company, 1876.

  Howe, Henry. The Great West. Cincinnati: Henry Howe Publishing, 1851.

  O’Neal, Bill. Encyclopedia of Western Gunslingers. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1979.

  Wright, Robert M. Dodge City, the Cowboy Capital, and the Great Southwest. Wichita, KS: Wichita Eagle Press, 1913.

  Zinn, Howard. A People’s History of the United States. New York: HarperCollins, 2005.

  I have also consulted several websites to gather, compare, and confirm information. The following sites proved to be especially trustworthy and provided useful material, as well as directing me to additional sources:

  Books.Google.com

  EyewitnesstoHistory.com

  History.com

  legendsofamerica.com

  PBS.org

  Project Gutenberg (gutenberg.org)

  Truewestmagazine.com

  Wikipedia.org

  The following resources provided information on the specific subjects profiled in this book.

  Daniel Boone

  Bakeless, John. Daniel Boone, Master of the Wilderness. 1939. Reprint, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1989.

  Boone, Daniel. The Adventures of Colonel Boone, Formerly a Hunter, Containing a Narrative of the Wars of Kentucky, Written by Himself. John Filson, 1823.

  Filson, John. The Discovery, Settlement, and Present State of Kentucke. Includes an appendix, “The Adventures of Col. Daniel Boon, One of the First Settlers.” John Filson, 1784.

  Fort Boonesborough Living History, “Daniel Boone and the History of Fort Boonesborough,” http://www.fortboonesboroughlivinghistory.org/html/daniel_boone.html.

  Hawks, Francis Lister. The Adventures of Daniel Boone, the Kentucky Rifleman. New York: D. Appleton, 1843.

  Lord Byron. Don Juan. Reprint of the 1837 Halifax, Nova Scotia, edition, Project Gutenberg, 2007. http://www.gutenberg.org/files/21700/21700-h/21700-h.htm.

  David Crockett

  Akenson, Donald Harman. Irish History of Civilization. Volume 1. London: Granta Books, 2005.

  Clarke, Matthew St. Clair. The Life and Adventures of Colonel David Crockett of West Tennessee. 1833.

  Crockett, David, E. L. Carey, and A. Hart. A Narrative of the Life of David Crockett, written by Himself. Philadelphia: E. L. Carey and A. Hart, 1834.

  de la Peña, José Enrique. The Memoirs of Lt. Col. José Enrique de la Peña. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1975.

  Editors of True West Magazine. “How Did Davy Really Die?” In True Tales and Amazing Legends of the Old West: From True West Magazine. New York: Crown, 2005.

  Jones, Randell. In the Footsteps of Davy Crockett. Winston-Salem, NC: John F. Blair, 2006.

  Legends of America, “Davy Crockett,” http://www.legendsofamerica.com/we-davycrockettoutlaw.html.

  Kit Carson

  Burdett, Charles. Life of Kit Carson. Philadelphia: Porter and Coates, 1869.

  Frémont, John C. Report of the Exploring Exhibition to the Rocky Mountains, and to Oregon & California in the Years 1843–'44. Washington, DC: Gales and Seaton, 1845.

  Peters, DeWitt C. The Life and Adventures of Kit Carson, the Nestor of the Rocky Mountains, from Facts Narrated by Himself. New York: W. H. Tinson, 1858. Published as Pioneer Life & Frontier Adventures of Kit Carson. Boston: Estes & Lauriat, 1883.

  Sides, Hampton. Blood and Thunder. New York: Doubleday, 2006.

  Black Bart

  “Black Bart: California’s Infamous Stage Robber,” http://www.BlackBart.com.

  Hoeper, George. Black Bart: Boulevardier Bandit. Sanger, CA: Word Dancer Press, 1995.

  Jackson, Joseph Henry. Bad Company: The Story of California’s Legendary and Actual Stage Robbers, Bandits, Highwaymen and Outlaws from the Fifties to the Eighties. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1977. First published 1949 by Harcourt Brace.

  Nolan, Frederick. The Wild West: History, Myth and the Making of America. London: Arcturus, 2003.

  Pryor, Alton. Outlaws and Gunslingers. Roseville, CA: Stagecoach Publishing, 2001.

  Wild Bill Hickok

  Black Plains Pioneer, August 5, 1876.

  Cheyenne Daily Sun, March 8, 1876.

  Hardin, John Wesley. The Life of John Wesley Hardin as Written by Himself. 1896. Reprint, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1977.

  Nichols, George Ward. “Wild Bill.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine, February 1867.

  Rosa, Joseph G. They Called Him Wild Bill: The Life and Adventures of James Butler Hickok. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1979.

  Topeka Daily Commonwealth, November 3, 1869.

  Bass Reeves

  Burton, Art T. Black Gun, Silver Star: The Life and Legend of Frontier Marshal Bass Reeves. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2006.

  Fischer, Ron W. The Tombstone News (2006): “Bass Reeves: He Set a Timeless Example,”http://www.TheTombstoneNews.com.

  Generic Radio Workshop Script Library, “The Lone Ranger, episode 1,” http://www.genericradio.com/show
.php?id=1975f5a375929e64.

  Legends of America, “Old West Legends: Bass Reeves; Black Hero Marshal,” http://www.legendsofamerica.com/we-bassreeves.html.

  Nelson, Vaundra Micheaux. Bad News for Outlaws: The Remarkable Life of Bass Reeves, U.S. Marshal. Minneapolis: Lerner Publishing Group, 2009.

  United States Marshals Service. “U.S. Marshal Bass Reeves,” http://www.usmarshals.gov/news/chron/2011/111611.htm.

  George Armstrong Custer

  Ambrose, Stephen E. Crazy Horse and Custer: The Parallel Lives of Two American Warriors. New York: Random House, 1996.

  Bismarck Tribune, September 2, 1874.

  Connell, Evan. Son of the Morning Star. New York: North Point Press, 1984.

  Lehman, Tim. Bloodshed at Little Bighorn: Sitting Bull, Custer, and the Destinies of Nations. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010.

  Buffalo Bill and Annie Oakley

  Boston Journal, March 4, 1872.

  Bridger, Bobby. Buffalo Bill and Sitting Bull: Inventing the Wild West. College Station: University of Texas Press, 2002.

  Cody, William F., and Frank E. Bliss. Life of Honorable William F. Cody, known as Buffalo Bill, the Famous Hunter. Hartford, CT: Frank E. Bliss, 1879.

  Cody, William F., and William Lightfoot Visscher. Buffalo Bill’s Own Story of His Life and Deeds. Chicago: Homewood Press, 1917.

  Gilbert, Sara. Annie Oakley. Mankato, MN: Creative Education, 2006. http://www.annieoakleycenterfoundation.com.

  Norfolk Journal, May 18, 1873.

  Russell, Don. Lives and Legends of Buffalo Bill. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1960.

  Rydell, Robert, and Rob Kroes. Buffalo Bill in Bologna: The Americanization of the World 1869–1922. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.

  Jesse James

  Daviess County Historical Society. http://daviesscountyhistoricalsociety.com/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=384.

  Kansas City Times, August 18, 1876.

  Love, Robertus. The Rise and Fall of Jesse James. New York: G. P. Putnam, 1926.

  Stiles, T. J. Jesse James: The Last Rebel of the Civil War. New York: Knopf, 2002.

  Sunday Times of Chicago, September 10, 1876.

  Yeatman, Ted P. Frank and Jesse James: The Story Behind the Legend. Nashville, TN: Cumberland House, 2003.

  Doc Holliday

  Denver Republican, May 22, 1882.

  Herda, D. J. They Call Me Doc: The Story Behind the Legend of John Henry Holliday. Guilford, CT: Globe Pequot, 2011.

  Leadville Carbonate Chronicle, November 14, 1887.

  Masterson, W. R. Bat. “Doc Holliday,” Human Life Magazine, 1907.

  Otero, Miguel Antonio. My Life on the Frontier. New York: Press of the Pioneers, 1935.

  Rewin, Richard E. The Truth About Wyatt Earp. Bloomington, IN: iUniverse, 2000.

  Roberts, Gary L. Doc Holliday: The Life and Legend. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2006.

  Tombstone Daily Epitaph, October 27, 1881.

  Washington, D.C., Evening Star, January 1, 1878.

  Billy the Kid

  Garrett, Pat Floyd. The Authentic Life of Billy, the Kid: The Noted Desperado of the Southwest. Santa Fe: New Mexican Printing and Publishing, 1881.

  Las Vegas Gazette, December 23, 1889.

  Metz, Leon Claire. Pat Garrett: The Story of a Western Lawman. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1983.

  Nolan, Frederick. The Billy the Kid Reader. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2007.

  Pryor, Alton. Outlaws and Gunslingers. Roseville, CA: Stagecoach Publishing, 2001.

  Siringo, Charles. History of Billy the Kid. Taos, NM: Charles Siringo, 1923.

  Utley, Robert M. Billy the Kid: A Short and Violent Life. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1991.

  Butch Cassidy

  Anaconda Standard, July 14, 1901.

  Descriptions of outlaw hideouts, http://www.wyostatearchives.wordpress.com.

  Editors of True West Magazine. True Tales and Amazing Legends of the Old West. New York: Crown, 2005.

  Fulton County News, April 26, 1905.

  Garcia, Vince. “The Wild Bunch Chronicles: A Timeline from 1890–1910.” http://www.centralcal.com/timeline.htm.

  Kelly, Charles. The Outlaw Trail: A History of Butch Cassidy and His Wild Bunch. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1996.

  Laramie Daily Boomerang, June 4, 1899.

  Ogden Standard, June 3, 1898.

  Patterson, Richard. Butch Cassidy: A Biography. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1990.

  Pointer, Larry. In Search of Butch Cassidy. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1977.

  Raine, William MacLeod. “Guarding a Railroad in the Bandit Belt,” Wide World Magazine, November 1904.

  Rawlins Semi-Weekly Republican, June 3, 1899.

  St. George Union, April 24, 1897.

  Salt Lake Herald, September 17, 1900.

  CREDITS

  here: Background and title logo courtesy of FOX NEWS CHANNEL. here: Chappel, Alonzo (1828–87) (after)/Private Collection/Ken Welsh/Bridgeman Images; Courtesy Library of Congress, LC-DIG-pga-04179; Courtesy Kit Carson House and Museum; Mary Evans Picture Library/Everett Collection; Private Collection/Peter Newark American Pictures/Bridgeman Images; LegendsOfAmerica.com. here: Courtesy Library of Congress, LC-DIG-ppmsca-33129; Universal History Archive/UIG/Bridgeman Images; Private Collection/Peter Newark American Pictures/Bridgeman Images; Courtesy Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-3854; LegendsOfAmerica.com; Courtesy National Archives, Photo no. 406-NSB-011-Billykid; Courtesy Library of Congress, LC-DIG-ppmsca-10772. here: Chappel, Alonzo (1828–87) (after)/Private Collection/Ken Welsh/Bridgeman Images. here: Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, HABS PA, 6-BAUM.V, 1–5. here: Cole, Thomas (1801–48)/Mead Art Museum, Amherst College, MA, USA/Museum purchase/Bridgeman Images. here: Baraldi, Severino (b. 1930)/Private Collection/© Look and Learn/Bridgeman Images; Lindneux, Robert Ottokar (1871–1970)/Private Collection/Peter Newark American Pictures/Bridgeman Images. here: Bingham, George Caleb (1811–79)/Washington University, St. Louis, USA/Bridgeman Images. here: American School (20th century)/Private Collection/Peter Newark American Pictures/Bridgeman Images. here: MPI/Getty Images. here: Baraldi, Severino (b. 1930)/Private Collection/© Look and Learn/Bridgeman Images. here: Private Collection/Peter Newark American Pictures/Bridgeman Images. here–here: The Print Collector/Print Collector/Getty Images. here: Courtesy Library of Congress, LC-DIG-pga-02659. here: Daniel Boone, 1820 (oil on canvas), Harding, Chester (1792–1866)/© Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston, MA, USA/Bridgeman Images. here: Courtesy Library of Congress, LC-DIG-pga-04179. here: Private Collection/Peter Newark American Pictures/Bridgeman Images. here: Courtesy Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-7368. here: Granger, NYC—All rights reserved. here: Courtesy Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-43901; Courtesy Library of Congress, LC-DIG-pga-02501. here: Callcott, Frank C. (1891–1979)/Dallas Museum of Art, Texas, USA/gift of Professor Dudley F. McCollum/Bridgeman Images. here: Stephen St. John/National Geographic Creative. here: Private Collection/Peter Newark American Pictures/Bridgeman Images. here: Wyeth, Newell Convers (1882–1945)/Private Collection/Bridgeman Images; Private Collection/© Look and Learn/Bridgeman Images; Private Collection/Bridgeman Images. here: Courtesy Kit Carson House and Museum. here: Granger, NYC—All rights reserved. here–here: University of Wyoming, American Heritage Center, Everett D. Graff Collection, Accession Number 4912. here: 000-742-0217, William A. Keleher Pictorial Collection, Center for Southwest Research, University Libraries, University of New Mexico. here: The New York Public Library/Art Resource, NY. here: Courtesy Kit Carson House and Museum. here: Courtesy Library of Congress, LC-USZC4-2631. here: 000-742-0067, William A. Keleher Pictorial Collection, Center for Southwest Research, University Libraries, University of New Mexico; Vector Graphic by Retro Design Elements. here: Courtesy Library of Congress, LC-DIG-hec-13449. here: Granger, NYC—All rights reserved. here: Return of scouts—Cheyenne 1910 (photo)/Universal History Archive/UIG/Bridgema
n Images. here: Denver Public Library, Western History Collection/Bridgeman Images. here: Courtesy Library of Congress LC-DIG-cwpb-07381. here: Courtesy Library of Congress, LC-USZC4-11256. here: Courtesy Library of Congress, LC-BH83-1371. here: Mary Evans Picture Library/Everett Collection. here: Private Collection/Peter Newark Pictures/Bridgeman Images. here: Private Collection/Peter Newark Western Americana/Bridgeman Images; De Agostini Picture Library/Bridgeman Images. here: Private Collection/Ken Welsh/Bridgeman Images. here: Private Collection/Peter Newark American Pictures/Bridgeman Images. here–here: Courtesy Library of Congress, LC-DIG-pga-01018. here: Wells Fargo Corporate Archives. here: Granger, NYC—All rights reserved; Vector Graphic by Retro Design Elements. here, here, here: Private Collection/Peter Newark American Pictures/Bridgeman Images. here: Private Collection/Peter Newark Western Americana/Bridgeman Images. here: Stock Montage/Getty Images. here–here: Private Collection/Peter Newark American Pictures/Bridgeman Images. here: Courtesy Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-50004. here: Collection/Peter Newark American Pictures/Bridgeman Images. here: American Photographer (19th century)/Private Collection/Peter Newark American Pictures/Bridgeman Images. here, here: Private Collection/Peter Newark American Pictures/Bridgeman Images. here: Peter Newark American Pictures/Bridgeman Images. here: Courtesy Library of Congress, LC-USF34-016687-C. here: LegendsOfAmerica.com. here: Courtesy Everett Collection. here: Courtesy National Archives, photo no. 111-B-3202 and record no. 6851120. here: Western History Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries, Twine Family 61. here: Courtesy National Archives at Kansas City, Records of the Bureau of Prisons, RG 129. here, here, here: Courtesy the Fort Smith National Historic Site. here: Courtesy Library of Congress, LC-DIG-ppmsca-33129. here: Amos Bad Heart Buffalo (1869–1913)/Private Collection/The Stapleton Collection/Bridgeman Images. here: Kills Two (Nupa Kte) (1969–1927)/Private Collection/The Stapleton Collection/Bridgeman Images. here: Courtesy Library of Congress, LC-USZC4-7160. here, here: De Agostini Picture Library/Bridgeman Images. here: Courtesy Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-114798. here: Courtesy Library of Congress, LC-DIG-ppmsca-24021. here: De Agostini Picture Library/Bridgeman Images. here: Courtesy Library of Congress, LC-BH831-365. here: National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, USA/Bridgeman Images. here: Becker, Otto (fl. 1895) (after)/Private Collection/Peter Newark American Pictures/Bridgeman Images. here: Private Collection/Bridgeman Images. here: Miller, Alfred Jacob (1810–74)/© Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, USA/Bridgeman Images. here: Peter Newark Pictures/Bridgeman Images. here: Universal History Archive/UIG/Bridgeman Images; Private Collection/Peter Newark American Pictures/Bridgeman Images. here: American Photographer, (20th century)/Private Collection/Peter Newark American Pictures/Bridgeman Images. here: Private Collection/Peter Newark Western Americana/Bridgeman Images. here: American School/Private Collection/Bridgeman Images. here: Denver Public Library, Western History Collection/Bridgeman Images. here: Private Collection/Peter Newark American Pictures/Bridgeman Images; Private Collection/Peter Newark Western Americana/Bridgeman Images. here: Newberry Library, Chicago, Illinois, USA/Bridgeman Images. here: Courtesy Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-21207 and LC-DIG-ppmsca-24362. here: Private Collection/© Look and Learn/Peter Jackson Collection/Bridgeman Images. here: The Illustrated London News Picture Library, London, UK/Bridgeman Images. here: Private Collection/© Look and Learn/Bridgeman Images. here: Courtesy Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-46076. here: Underwood Archives/UIG/Bridgeman Images. here: Private Collection/Peter Newark American Pictures/Bridgeman Images. here: Courtesy Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-3854. here: Private Collection/Peter Newark American Pictures/Bridgeman Images. here, here: Used with permission of The State Historical Society of Missouri. here: Used with permission of The State Historical Society of Missouri; Courtesy Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-3855. here: Used with permission of The State Historical Society of Missouri. here: Courtesy Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-3855. here: Everitt, Elias Foster (1837–1928)/Private Collection/Courtesy of Swann Auction Galleries/Bridgeman Images. here: Private Collection/Peter Newark American Pictures/Bridgeman Images. here, here: Northfield Historical Society. here: Used with permission of The State Historical Society of Missouri. here: LegendsOfAmerica.com. here: Private Collection/Photo © Barbara Singer/Bridgeman Images. here: Private Collection/Bridgeman Images; Private Collection/Peter Newark American Pictures/Bridgeman Images; Courtesy Library of Congress LC-USZ62-4049. here: Private Collection/Peter Newark American Pictures/Bridgeman Images. here: LegendsOfAmerica.com. here: Private Collection/Peter Newark Western Americana/Bridgeman Images. here: The Stapleton Collection/Bridgeman Images. here–here: LegendsOfAmerica.com. here: Private Collection/Bridgeman Images. here: Private Collection/Peter Newark American Pictures/Bridgeman Images; Courtesy Library of Congress, LC-USF33-012679-M4. here: The Denver Post via Getty Images. here: Courtesy Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-50009 and LC-USZ62-50007. here: Private Collection/Peter Newark American Pictures/Bridgeman Images. here: Courtesy National Archives, Photo no. 406-NSB-011-Billykid. here: 000-118-0017 and 000-742-0111, William A. Keleher Pictorial Collection, Center for Southwest Research, University Libraries, University of New Mexico; LegendsOfAmerica.com. here: 000-742-0151, William A. Keleher Pictorial Collection, Center for Southwest Research, University Libraries, University of New Mexico. here: Private Collection/Peter Newark Western Americana/Bridgeman Images. here: American School (19th century)/Private Collection/Peter Newark Western Americana/Bridgeman Images. here: Wallace, Lew (1827–1905)/© Collection of the New-York Historical Society, USA/Bridgeman Images. here: AP photo/Fray Angelico Chavez History Library. here: Courtesy Everett Collection. here: Private Collection/Bridgeman Images. here: Courtesy Everett Collection. here: Courtesy Library of Congress, LC-USZ62-87581. here: Charlton Comics, http://digitalcomicmuseum.com. here: Courtesy Library of Congress, LC-DIG-ppmsca-10772. here: University of Wyoming, American Heritage Center, Everett D. Graff Collection, Accession Number ah101308. here: Used by permission, Utah State Historical Society. here: Courtesy Library of Congress, LC-DIG-ppmsca-10770. here–here: University of Wyoming, American Heritage Center, Everett D. Graff Collection, Accession Number ah01053_0946. here: Courtesy Library of Congress, LC-DIG-ppmsca-11844. here: Courtesy Library of Congress, LC-DIG-ppmsca-07624. here: University of Wyoming, American Heritage Center, Everett D. Graff Collection, Accession Numbers ah00176_0285, ah00176_0283, and ah-2995. here: Underwood Archives/UIG/Bridgeman Images. here: University of Wyoming, American Heritage Center, Everett D. Graff Collection, Accession Number ah01053_0918. here: Private Collection/Peter Newark American Pictures/Bridgeman Images; University of Wyoming, American Heritage Center, Everett D. Graff Collection, Accession Number ah001401. here: University of Wyoming, American Heritage Center, Everett D. Graff Collection, Accession Number ah002690. here: Courtesy Library of Congress, LC-USZ620132506; Vector Graphic by Vector Open Stock. here: ©20thCentFox/Courtesy Everett Collection. here: Private Collection/Peter Newark American Pictures/Bridgeman Images.