Nationals 109–10
Economic Group Retail 119
Decree to Restore the Appearance of the
economic issues
Streets as affecting Jewish
currency hoarding 63
Businesses 117
transfer of currency abroad 64
‘Degenerate Art’ exhibition 83
Economic Organization for the East 181
Denmark 372
economy: exclusion of Jews 99, 129
Index
631
Economy and Armament Office,
and Gypsies 242, 419
OKW 284–5
murders of mentally ill 240–1
education 32, 39, 47, 117, 128–9
and pogroms 192–203, 208, 212, 213
anti-Jewish bias 75–7
in Poland 144–5
autonomous Jewish sector and 87, 88
and prisoners of war 247–8
Hitler Youth and 76
and Russian campaign 184, 185–6, 187–91
Jewish schools 45, 77, 133–4
Einsatzkommandos 188, 204
racial hygiene in humanities and
Einsatzkommando 1a: 196
sciences 77–81
Einsatzkommando 1b: 237
Reich Deputation of German Jews’
Einsatzkommando 2: 230, 231, 252
guidelines 88
Einsatzkommando 3: 197, 230–1, 237, 242, universities 21, 22, 39, 76, 117, 128–9
251–2, 298–9
Editorial Law 40
Einsatzkommando 5: 199–200, 225, 241,
Education Committee of the Reich
252
Association 45
Einsatzkommando 6: 199–200, 208, 211,
Ehegesundheitsgesetz (Marriage Health
225, 237, 241
Law) 48, 50, 58
Einsatzkommando 8: 198, 221–2, 223, 242,
Ehler (commando leader) 189
246, 252, 345
Ehrhardt, Hermann 14
Einsatzkommando 9: 198–9, 221, 223, 251,
Ehrlinger, Erich 500 n. 71
345
Eichmann, Adolf 68, 69, 280
Einsatzkommando 12: 227, 228, 252
appointment of, by Heydrich 156
Einsatzkommando Tilsit 197, 230, 231, 251
deportation of Jews 151–2, 153, 174–5, 265, murder of Gypsies 242
320 –1, 329, 360
and pogroms 196–7, 198–200, 212
deportation of Jews: from France 327,
and Russian campaign 184, 185, 188–9
363, 393, 394 –5
Special Commando 4: 346
deportation of Jews: from Greece 391
Special Commando 4a: 200, 224, 226,
deportation of Jews: from Hungary 367
227, 241, 251
deportation of Jews: into General
Special Commando 4b: 200
Government 156–7
Special Commando 5: 346
expulsion of Jews 105–6
Special Commando 7: 198
on Final Solution 262–3, 331
Special Commando 7a: 221, 252
and Hungary 409–10
Special Commando 7b: 252
and reprisals 300–1
Special Commando 10a: 202, 228
on resettlement/emigration 173
Special Commando 10b: 202, 228, 229, 252
and Wannsee Conference 306
Special Commando 11a: 202, 228
Eimann Special Guard Division
Special Commando 11b: 202, 228, 229
(Wachsturmbann Eimann) 138
Special Commando 12: 203
Einsatzgruppen (death squads) 204, 250–5
Elkes (chairman of Kaunas Jewish
Einsatzgruppe A: 193–4, 196–7, 230–9,
council) 385
240, 254
emigration 65, 101–2, 117, 172, 173
Einsatzgruppe B: 198–9, 208, 210–11, 213,
from Austria 99
219 –23, 240, 254, 519 n. 189
ban on 285
Einsatzgruppe C: 194, 195, 199–201, 208,
decline in 101
209, 210, 211, 223–7, 241, 242, 254,
emigration tax 120
315–16, 346, 519 n. 189
émigrés: internment on return 55
Einsatzgruppe D: 201–3, 209, 213, 227–30, Himmler on 102, 134–5, 158, 173, 285
241, 254
negotiations for international solution
Einsatzgruppe H: 419
through 125–6
Einsatzgruppe for Special Purposes 201
to Palestine 44, 67–8, 69
and extermination through
Tax Adjustment Law (October 1934)
labour 315–16
and 65–6
and gas vans 279
see also Central Office for Jewish
and ghettos 212–13
Emigration
632
Index
Emigration and Evacuation (Department
Jews and 264, 266
IV D 4) 133
prisoners of war 249
Enabling Act 34, 35
in Soviet Union 181–2
Erren, Gerhard 238, 347–8
forced labour 120–2, 134, 160, 211, 307, 308,
Essen: Gau Party rally (4 August,
315, 368
1935) 57–8
in General Government 167, 341
Estonia 237, 239, 254, 384–5
Poland 167, 341–2, 376–7, 380
Ethnic Germans’ Office 216
responsibility for 167
ethnicity research 78–9
Slovakian Jews 325
eugenics 50, 53, 58, 74–5: see also racial see also extermination through work;
hygiene
labour gangs; road building
euthanasia programmes 132, 135–42, 277–8
Foreign Ministry: and alien half-breeds
extermination announcements 123–5,
(fremdvölkische Mischlinge) 93–4
289 –90
Forster, Albert 172
extermination camps 261, 262, 280, 282–3,
Forsthoff, Ernst 462 n. 41
284, 308, 309
Fort VI, Poznan 138
removal of traces of 410–13
Four-Year Plan 62–6
see also individual camps
Decree against Support for the
extermination policy
Disguising of Jewish Business
escalation of (spring/summer
Enterprises 100
1942) 356 – 60
raw materials allocation measures 99
in Poland (1942 on) 375–82
traffic group report 545 n. 37
in Soviet Union 382–5
Four-Year-Plan Organization 181
extermination through work 314–20, 324
France
denaturalization law 395–6
Faith Movement of German Christians 22
deportation of Jews 267, 271–4, 285, 308,
false identities 381, 561 n. 31
327–9, 360 –1, 363, 392–6
fashion industry: exclusion of Jewish
Gypsies in 419
influence on 84–5
radicalization of persecution 403–4
Filbert, Alfred 221, 252
resistance movement 273, 327
films: exclusion of Jewish influence
Frank, Hans 154, 158, 172, 264–5, 492 n.
on 83–4
155
Final Solution 2, 6–7, 176
on AB campaign 165
decision on implementation of 259–63
on annihilation of Jews 308
in Denmark 397–9
and definition of Jewishness 160
in Eastern Europe 330–56
on deportations from General
in France 329
Government 176, 293
in Galicia 292–6
on deportations to General
in General Government 334–5
Government 488 n. 104
in Poland 330–45
and Madagascar Plan 162–3
RSHA and 307–8
and Warsaw ghetto 175
in Serbia 300–1
Frankfurter, David 62
in Soviet Union 345–56
Frauendorfer, Max 333, 341
in Warsaw 335–7
fremdvölkische Mischlinge (alien half-
in Warthegau 290–1
breeds) 46, 93–4
Finance Ministry: and Haavara
Frick, Wilhelm 15, 57, 59
Agreement 44
and Reich Citizenship Law 58
Finland 368–9, 389, 390
and economic measures against
Fischböck, Hans 125
Jews 61
Flag Law 59
on forced labour 121
Fleischmann, Gisi 326
16 December 1938 Judenpolitik
Flossenbürg camp 417
meeting 116–17
folk history: racial hygiene in 78–9
Friedländer, Saul 2
food-supply policies
Fritsch, Werner von 96
Index
633
Fundamental Decree Concerning
Generalplan Ost (Overall Eastern Plan)
Preventive Crime-Fighting by the
216
Police 91
Gens, Jacob 385
Genschel, Helmut 66
Galicia 208
Gerlach, Christian 209–10, 243, 249, 263,
deportations to extermination
542 n. 5 & 6, 552 n. 182, 568 n. 200
camps 331–2, 337–8
Final Solution 2
Final Solution in 292–6
gas vans 531 n. 11
forced labour projects 319
murder of mentally ill 531 n. 13
ghettos, dissolution of 378–9
German Academy 21
Jewish Councils in 296
German-Austrian Alpine Club 21
Jews in hiding 381
German Historians’ Congress (1934) 78–9
liquidation of labour camps 379
German League (Deutschbund) 14
mass murders (1943) 376
German League of Gymnasts 21
Ganzenmüller, Albert 334–5
German National Association of
gas chambers 139, 140, 276, 279–80, 297, 314
Commercial Employees (DHV) 20, 23
in Auschwitz 263, 280–2, 326, 334–5, 344,
German National People’s Party, see DNVP
345, 359, 408, 409, 420
German National Student Union 21
in Belzec 330, 334, 338
German People’s Defence and Offence
in Mauthausen 417
League (Deutschvölkischer Schutz- und
mobile 138: see also gas vans
Trutzbund) 13, 14
in Ravensbrück 416
German Self-Defence Corps (volksdeutscher
removal of traces of 410, 411
Selbstschutz) 145
in Stutthof 415
German University Circle (DHR) 21
in Treblinka 339, 340, 378, 411
German Völkisch Freedom Party
in Sobibor 322, 334
(DVFP) 13
gas vans 240–1, 278–9, 280, 531 n. 11
German Völkisch Yearbook 13
Chelmno 290, 380
Gestapo 465 n. 72
Warthegau 290
and Aryanization 66
Gau Party rally (4 August, 1935) 57–8
asocials, action against 92
Gellately, Robert 465 n. 72
and deportations 286
Gemeinnützigen Kranken-Transport GmbH
farmers, action against 65
(Public Patient Transport
and Jewish schools 134
Company) 139
Kurfürstendamm café raid 103
General Commissariat Ostland 297–300
and security police 90, 133
General Government 147, 153
and Russian campaign 185
and Aryanization 160
Ghetto Chronicle, Lodz 344
Department of Population and
ghettoization 117, 118, 157, 160–1, 211
Welfare 296
in General Government 161, 165–6
deportation from 176, 293, 309
ghettos 116, 214, 308, 338, 350–2
deportation of Gypsies into 488 n. 104
black market in 169
deportation of Jews into 156–7, 159, 165,
as concentration camps 384
172–3, 488 n. 104
death penalty for living outside 293
deportation of Poles into 159, 172–3, 488
dissolution of: in Galicia 378–8
n. 104
Einsatzgruppen and 212–13
extermination through labour 319
General Government 331
Final Solution in 292–6
Jewish Councils in 168–70, 171
forced labour 167, 341
life in 167–71, 321
ghettos 161, 165–6, 321, 331
liquidation of Polish 376–81
Gypsies in 157, 420
mass murders in 221, 222, 223, 224, 226, 230
Jewish Councils in 161
as part of Final Solution 213
and labelling of Jews 160
resistance movements in 170, 353–5, 376,
see also Aktion Reinhardt; Galicia;
378, 385
Madagascar Plan
smuggling in 169
634
Index
ghettos (cont.)
Gramml, Hermann 436 n. 2
in Soviet Union 345, 346
Greece 368, 391, 402–3
Wehrmacht and 212
Green Folder 182
White Ruthenia 383
Greifelt, Ulrich 274
see also individual ghettos
Greiser, Artur 271, 291, 299, 380
Gienanth, Curt Ludwig Freiherr von 342
Grohé, Josef 55
Glebokie ghetto 383
Gross, Jan Tomasz 196
Globocnik, Odilo 154, 216, 264, 294–5, 333,
Gross, Walter 94
402
großdeutsch national identity 11–12
and Bialystok ghetto, liquidation of 381
Groß-Rosen concentration camp
415–16
and Final Solution 331
Gruner, Wolf 121
and General Government labour
Grynspan, Herschel 110
camps 379
Guidelines for the Bearing of Forenames 98
and Lublin ghetto, deportations from 330
Guidelines for the Conduct of Troops in
Ostindustrie 377
Russia 184, 241
Goebbels, Joseph 56, 104, 267, 562 n. 67
Guidelines for the Treatment of Political
and boycotts of Jewish businesses 36
Commissars 184, 241
on clearance of Lublin ghetto 331
Günther, Albrecht 23
on deportations 171, 175, 265–6, 268, 269,
Gunzenhauzen attacks 42
286
Gürtner, Franz 58
on euthanasia 278
Gustloff, Wilhelm 62
and exclusion of Jews from culture 82,
Gutman, Israel 335
83, 463 n. 54
Gymnasts’ Movement 14
on exclusion of Jews from everyday
Gypsies 46, 49–50, 73, 149, 418–21
life 114–15
Criminal Police, persecution by 92–3
on extermination of Jews 289
deportation of 152, 157, 158, 286, 288–9,
on Germany’s allies 400
420
identification of Jews by yellow star 284
Einsatzgruppen and 419
Jews in General Government 378
in ghettos 289
on mixed marriages 57–8
and marriage 50
and November 1938 pogrom 110–11
murder of 242
and segregation of Jews 103
in Poland 419
Goering, Hermann 19, 64, 116
shot in reprisals 300, 301
appointed Commissioner for Raw
in Soviet Union in 242, 245, 419
Materials and Currency 63
sterilization of 49, 50, 420–1
on Aryanization 109, 114, 116
on attacks on Jewish businesses 33–4
Haavara Agreement 44
and Central Office for Jewish
Hadamar gas chamber 139, 140
Emigration 126
Hagen, Herbert 68, 69, 106–7
Daily Express interview 19
Halder, Franz 183
on emigration of Jews 158
Harzburg Front 20
and Final Solution 175–6
Haushofer, Albrecht 155
Green Folder 182
Headquarters of Criminal Genealogy 91
at Judenpolitik 12 November 1938
health system: exclusion of Jews 74 –5,
meeting 114
128
Order concerning the Verification of
Heilpraktiker 75
Entjudung deals 120
Helldorf, Count 103
on reduction of Soviet population 181
Helm, Hans 389
and theatre 39
Herberer, Patricia 530 n. 9
Goering, Matthias Heinrich 460 n. 32
Herbert, Ulrich 440 n. 20
Gottberg, Curt von 383
hereditary diseases 46–7
Gottong, Heinrich 488 n. 104
Hereditary Illnesses Tribunal 48
Grafeneck Mental Hospital,
Herrmann, Günther 500 n. 71
Württemberg 139, 140
Hess, Rudolf 55
Index
635
Hesse: riots in 110
Jews as partisans 198
Heydebrand von der Lasa, Ernst von 19
and killing methods 279
Heydrich, Reinhard 63, 64, 65, 105, 182, 190
liquidation of Polish forced labour
appointment of Eichmann 156
camps 380
and Central Office for Jewish
in Lublin 330–1
Emigration 126
and newly occupied eastern areas 214–18
and deportation of Jews 175, 275, 307, 327, order to cease killing Jews 416
323, 363
on Pinsk ghetto 351
and Einsatzkommando 9: 199
and pogroms in Lithuania 197
and emigration policy 102, 115
Posen (Poznan) speech 382
and Final Solution 175–6, 260, 261, 308,
Reichskommissar for the Strengthening
310, 328
of the German Nation
and Himmler, meetings with 359
(Reichskommissar für die Festigung
liquidation of Poles 143–4
deutschen Volkstum) 155
and Madagascar Plan 163
repatriation of Germans 150
on Mischlinge 310
Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews Page 115