on Riga ghetto: massacre of Jews in 299
plans for Jewish reservation in
on Romania 370
Poland 148–9
on Sobibor 379
and pogroms in Lithuania 197
and SS Death’s Head Formations 186–7
Poles as workforce 157
Ukraine: inspection tour in 229
on prisoners of war 247
widening of measures against
on Reichskristallnacht 114
Jews 219–20
on resettlement of Jews 173
Hindenburg, Paul von 38
reprisals for death of 322
Hinkel, Hans 39, 87, 171
and Upper Silesia 343
Hitler, Adolf 15, 17, 306, 320, 405
at Wannsee Conference 307
and Arabs 289–90
Hilberg, Raul 2, 167, 202
on armaments industry 369
Himmler, Heinrich 55, 59, 68–9, 413
and Asocial Operation 104
on ‘Asiatic’ people 241
on attacks on Jewish businesses 34, 183
on asocials 324
on Bolshevism 180
at Auschwitz 335
on culture 81, 463 n. 48
concentration camp in Warsaw
and Denmark 398
ghetto 376
deportation of Jews 172, 265–7, 274, 324
on concentration camp prisoners’
eradication of Jews 289–90
performance rates 316
and euthanasia programmes 136–7
concentration camps in Soviet
on executions 207, 214
Union 383–4
and extermination
on conquest of Soviet Union 184, 185
announcements 123–4
and Croatian Jews 389
on Horthy 407–8
deportation of Jews 98, 153, 267, 274, 367,
Jewish reservation plans 150
409, 483 n. 12
and Judenpolitik 115–16
and Einsatzkommando 9: 199
liquidation of Poles 143
on emigration 102, 134–5, 158, 173, 285
and Madagascar Plan 162, 163
exemptions from deportations 318
Reichstatthalter conference speech 40
on extinction of concept ‘Jew’ 162
resettlement in General Government 172
and Final Solution 176, 329, 334–5
Sportpalast speech 320
and forced labour 316, 380
Times interview 17
on General Government 333, 334–5, 378
on Warthegau 291
and Gestapo action against asocials 92
Hitler-Papen government 38
on Gypsies 420
Hitler Putsch (November 1923) 14
and Heydrich: meetings with 359
Hitler Youth
and homosexuals, persecution of 93
and boycotts of Jewish businesses 36
Jewish armaments workers 342
demonstrations outside Jewish
Jewish prisoners as hostages 411–12
businesses and restaurants 55–6
636
Index
Hitler Youth (cont.)
Jedwabne pogrom 196
and education 76
Jeglava, Latvia 196, 240
Höfle, Hans 262, 322, 340, 405
Jersak, Tobias 261
Hofmann, Otto 294
Jewish Affairs and Evacuation Matters
holiday resorts 24–5
(Department IV B 4) 133
Holz, Karl 108
Jewish Aid and Rescue Committee
homosexuality 46, 48, 50–1
(Vaada) 408, 412
homosexuals
Jewish Assets Tax 119–20
castration of 48
Jewish Bolshevism 180–1, 182, 183, 300
in concentration camps 93
Jewish combat organization (Zydowska
Hoppe, Günther 415
Organizacja Bojowa, ZOB) 377
Höppner, Rolf 264
Jewish Councils
Horthy, Miklós
405, 406, 408–9
and clearing of ghettos 339, 341
Höß, Rudolf 261–2, 281
and ghetto resistance 353
hostages 35, 97, 116, 125, 130, 269, 273, 303,
in ghettos 168–70, 171, 353
412
in Hungary 407
Odessa: massacre in 229
in Poland 161, 291, 296, 336
shot in reprisals 202, 270, 276, 300–1, 319,
in Slovakia 326
327, 328
Jewish Cultural Association 128
see also Madagascar Plan
Jewish half-breeds (Mischlinge) 310
housing 210, 233
definition of 61–2
deportations and 269–70
Jewish Military Association (Zydowski
for Jews 117, 118, 134, 160
Zwiazek Wojskowy, ZZW) 377
evacuated by Jews, allocation of 288
Jewish National Committee for Physical
eviction of Jews from 269–70
Education in Germany 46
see also ghettoization
Jewish police 336, 339, 344, 353
Hugenberg, Alfred 20
Jewish Reich National Association 67
Hummel, Herbert 333
Jewish reservation 148, 149–50, 156, 158–9
Hungary 209, 364–5, 370, 371, 405–10
Jewish Veterans’ Organization 37
deportation of Jews from 367
Jewish Winter Aid scheme 88
Gypsies in 419
Jodl, Alfred 182
Jewish Councils in 407
Johnson, Erik Arthur 465 n. 72
massacre of Jews from 224
journalism 129
Judenpolitik 4–9, 30, 35–6, 70, 129–30,
identification, see labelling
374 –5, 399, 400, 413
Immigration Law 58
6 December 1938 meeting 115–16
intelligentsia 144, 156, 162, 167, 200, 207,
12 November 1938 meeting 114 –15
247
16 December 1938 meeting 116 –17
intelligentsia campaign 145, 165
Hitler and 115–16
Jewish-Bolshevist 182, 183
Jüdische Rundschau 66
Intergovernmental Committee on Political
Jung, Carl Gustav 460 n. 32
Refugees 105
Jungdeutscher Orden (Young German
International Conference on Refugees
Order) 13–14
(1938) 105
Jünger, Ernst 23
Italy 364, 368, 369–70, 372, 396, 400, 401–2
Jungfernhof camp 297, 300, 346
jurisprudence: racial hygiene in 79
Jäger, Karl 197, 230, 236
Janovska concentration camp,
Kaiserwald concentration camp 297, 298,
Lemberg 382
383, 384, 414
Jansen, Hans 487 n. 101
Kállay, Miklos 371, 406
Jasenovac camp 419
Kamenetsk-Podolsk 351
Jeckeln, Friedrich 188, 199, 218, 223–5, 226,
Kamenetsk-Podolsk massacre 224, 253
236 –7
Kammler, Hans 316
and massacre of Jews 251, 299–300
Kastner, Rudolf 412–13
Index
637
Katowice, Poland 151–2
labelling
Katzmann, Fritz 294, 319, 337, 338, 551 n.
of Jews 16, 65, 103, 116, 118, 160, 284, 371
167
of Jews: by means of Star of David 160,
dissolution of Galician ghettos 378–9
222, 232, 284, 361, 386, 408
and Lemberg massacre 376
opposition to 288
Kaufmann broc
hure 266
psychiatric labels 47
Kaunas (Kovno) concentration
labour camps 161, 167, 296
camp 414–15
as concentration camps 379
Kaunas (Kovno) ghetto 213, 235–6, 297,
liquidation of 379
298–9
Radom 376
as concentration camp 384
labour gangs 160, 212, 229, 232
resistance movement 385
LAF (Lithuanian Activist Front) 193
Kaunas (Kovno) pogrom 193–4, 197
Lammers, Hans-Heinrich 173, 216
Keitel, Wilhelm 146, 184, 342, 528 n. 72
Lange, Herbert 138, 279, 290, 297
Kersten, Felix 416
Latvia 233–4, 252, 346, 383–4
Kherson massacre 228–9
local voluntary troops 239
Kiev 349
mass murders in 254
Killinger, Manfred 366
murders of mentally ill 240
Klee, Ernst 477 n. 44
Laval, Pierre 360, 361, 393, 395–6
kleindeutsch national identity 11–12
law: racial hygiene in 79
Klemperer, Victor 474 n. 9, 475 n. 19
Law against Dangerous Habitual
Kleß
heim Conference ( 17–18 April, 1943) 405
Criminals 48
Kley, Stefan 473 n. 4
Law against the Overcrowding of German
Knoblauch, Kurt 187
Schools and Universities 39
Knochen, Helmut 327, 393, 394–5, 403
Law for the Protection of German Blood
Kocborowo (Conradstein) Mental
and German Honour 60
Hospital 138, 477 n. 44
Law for the Protection of the Genetic
Koch, Erich 172, 350, 352
Health of the German People 48
Koeppen, Werner 268
Law for the Re-establishment of a
Kohl, Lieutenant General (head of railway
Professional Civil Service 38
transport department) 327
lawyers: action against 33, 34, 37, 38, 39, 101
Kolbow, Karl 278, 530 n. 1
Lebensraum programme 179–80
Könekamp, Eduard 154–5
Lecca, Radu 557 n. 298
Königsberg Church Congress (1927) 22
Lemberg (Lvov): Janovska concentration
Koppe, Wilhelm 156, 267
camp 382
Körner, Paul 212
Lemberg (Lvov) extermination camp 282,
Krakowski, Shmuel 381
533 n. 40
Krausnick, Helmut 188, 436 n. 2, 503 n. 38,
Lemberg (Lvov) ghetto 331–2, 337, 376
521 n. 1
Levetzow, von (Chief of Berlin Police
Kremenec ghetto 351
Force) 56
Kripo, see Criminal Police
Lida ghetto 383
Kristallnacht 109–13
Liepaja, Latvia 196, 236
Krüger, Friedrich Wilhelm 153, 267, 294,
ban on executions 297–8
332, 333, 338, 341–2, 375, 376, 483 n. 28
Lithuania 252, 346, 383, 384
General Government 378, 379, 492 n. 155
local voluntary troops 239, 240
Krzemieniec pogrom 195
mass murders in 197, 198–9, 235–7, 254
Kube, Wilhelm 237, 297, 298, 347, 348
murders of mentally ill 240
Kulturbund Deutscher Juden (Cultural
Lithuanian Activist Front (LAF) 193
Association of German Jews) 45–6
local voluntary troops
Kurfürstendamm, Berlin
(Schutzmannschaften) 239–40
café raid 103
Lodz (Litzmannstadt) ghetto 160, 167, 267,
riots 56
271, 291, 344, 380 –1
Kutno ghetto 160
deportations to Auschwitz 380–1
Kwaternik, Slavko 265
Ghetto Chronicle 344
638
Index
Lodz (cont.)
mass murders: justification for 313–14
Gypsies in 288
Masur, Norbert 570 n. 261
Jewish Councils in 291
Mauthausen concentration camp 361, 417
Lohse, Hinrich 232, 235, 280, 297–8, 348
May, Rudolf 218
Lorraine 171–2
Mayer, Saly 413
Losacker, Ludwig 333
medicine
Lösener, Bernhard 59–60, 121–2, 455 n. 34
autonomous Jewish sector and 88
Lothian, Lord 453 n. 8
racial hygiene in 80
Lower Silesia 415
Mein Kampf (Hitler) 179
Lublin 159, 167, 264, 302, 314, 321–2, 333
Meldepflicht über missgestaltete usw.
Aktion Reinhardt in 292–6
Neugeborene (Requirement to Report
deportations from 332, 337
Newborn Children with any form of
identity cards 296
Handicap) 136
mass murders in 330–1, 334, 338, 357–8, 382
mentally ill
see also Belzec extermination camp;
mental deficiency label 47, 48
Majdanek concentration camp; Nisko
murders of 240–1, 279
Project; Ostindustrie; Sobibor
Metz, Wilhelm 154
concentration camp
Meyer, Alfred 382
Lublin ghettos 157, 161, 321, 380
Meyer, Konrad 216, 274, 309
clearance of 330–1, 378
military service
deportations to Belzec 331
exclusion of Jews 55, 121
Ludendorff, General Erich 14
reintroduction of 55
Ludin, Hans 404
Minsk 348
Luniniec ghetto 350
Final Solution 347
Luther, Martin (Foreign Office) 285, 300–1,
murder of ‘Asiatic’-looking people 241–2
366, 367, 370, 371, 405
murders of mentally ill 240
on Belgian Jews 387–8
transports to 322–3
and deportations from Greece 391
Minsk extermination camp 284
on Italy 372
Minsk ghetto 213, 222, 271, 298, 383
resistance in 355
Mach, Sano 295
Mischlinge (half-breeds) 61
Mackensen, Eberhard von 393
alien half-breeds (artfremde/
Madagascar Plan 148, 161–5
fremdvölkische Mischlinge) 46, 93–4
consequences of 171–3
definition of 61–2
successor to 173–6
Gypsies 420
Majdanek concentration camp 321, 322, 332,
Heydrich on 310
340, 382, 411
Mogilev, Belarus 222, 240–1, 282
expansion of 315
Mokrov ghetto 350
Slovakian Jews 325
Mommsen, Hans 1, 71, 437 n. 5
sub-camps 379
Movement for Life Reform 14
Makkabi movement 451 n. 86
Müller, Heinrich 126, 151, 152–3, 318, 395
Maly Trostinets 323, 344
Müller, Hellmuth 294, 295
Manstein, Erich von 242
Munich: anti-Semitic violence 55
marriage 50
Musial, Bogdan 501 n. 2, 537 n. 100, 538 n.
Certificates of Suitability for Marriage 48
111/2
Gypsies and 50
Mussolini, Benito 368, 369–70, 372, 393–4,
mixed 54–5, 57–8, 60
396
marriage loans 41, 48
Musy, Jean-Marie 413
Marriage Health Law
(Ehegesundheitsgesetz) 48, 50, 58
National Air-Raid Protection League
marriage loans 41, 48
(Reichsluftschutzbund) 134
Marschler (Nazi Thuringian Minister) 445
National German Freedom Movement 15
n. 89
National Rural League (Reichslandbund,
mass escapes 354–5, 381
RLB) 20
Index
639
National Socialist Campaign Group for
Oberg, Carl 327, 329, 361, 395
German Culture 39
Oberhauser, Josef 331
National Socialist German Workers Party,
Odessa massacre 229, 366
see Nazi Party
Ohlendorf, Otto 187, 188–9, 227, 229, 252
National Socialist League of German
OKH (Oberkommando des Heeres, Army
Students 22
High Command) 144, 183, 184, 383
National Socialist Monthly Journal 19
OKW (Oberkommando der Wehrmacht,
National Socialist Motor Corps 145
Army High Command) 270, 284–5
National Socialist Organization of Small
Olympic Games, Berlin 62
Businesses 59
Order concerning Domicile
National Socialist Student League 39
Restrictions 166
National Socialist Trade Organization (NS-
Order concerning the Verification of
Hago) 41
Entjudung deals 120
National Socialist Welfare Provision 73
Order Police 345, 346, 351, 382
nationalism 11–12
and pogroms in Belarus 198
natural sciences: racial hygiene in 80
and Russian campaign 184, 185, 186
Nazi Party (National Socialist German
Ordnungspolizei (regular police force) 145
Workers Party, NSDAP) 13, 14
Organisation Schmelt 280, 292, 343, 360,
anti-miscegenation draft laws 15–16
380
anti-Semitic propaganda 15–17
Organization of German Zionists 37
exclusion of Jews from everyday life
Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists
15, 18
(OUN) 193, 194, 195
first anti-Semitic wave during seizure of
Ostindustrie 377, 381
power 32–46
Ostmark 152, 158, 320, 321
Judenpolitik 4–9, 35–6
Ostrava, Moravia 151–3
persecution of other groups 46–51
Oswald, Michael 333
racial policies 30–2, 70–2
OUN (Organization of Ukrainian
Racial Policy Office 156
Nationalists) 193, 194, 195
refounding of 15
Overall Eastern Plan (Generalplan Ost) 216
Nebe, Artur 152, 198, 221, 252, 279
Owinska (Teskau) Mental Hospital 138
murder of mentally ill 531 n. 13
Netherlands
Palestine: Jewish emigration to 44, 67–8, 69
deportations from 360, 361–2, 363,
Pan-German League (Alldeutscher
387
Verband, AdV) 14
Gypsies in 419
Paramilitary Police (Schutzpolizei) 145
Neuengamme, Germany 416, 417, 418
Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews Page 116