Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews

by Peter Longerich

  Index

  Stralsund Mental Hospital 138, 477 n. 44

  Trial of the Major War Criminals,

  Strasser, Gregor 19

  Nuremberg 187

  Streckenbach, Bruno 155, 187, 188, 225

  Trunk, Isaiah 489 n. 126

  Streicher, Julius 36, 59, 108

  Tschenstochau ghetto 337

  Streim, Alfred 188, 248

  Tuka, Vojtech 295, 326, 328, 404

  Stresa Front 55

  Tunisia 390

  Stroop, Jürgen 377

  Turner, Harald 529 n. 91

  Stuckart, Wilhelm 59, 64, 310, 473 n. 13

  student organizations 21

  Uebelhör, Friedrich 271

  Stülpnagel, Karl-Heinrich von 242–3

  Ukraine 208, 226, 346, 349, 350

  Stürmabteilung, see SA

  Himmler’s inspection tour in 229

  Stürmer, Der 56–7

  local voluntary troops 239

  Stutthof concentration camp 414–15, 418

  murder of mentally ill 241

  Süddeutsches Monatshefte 23

  see also Lemberg (Lvov): Lemberg (Lvov)

  Sudeten Crisis 106

  extermination camp; Lemberg (Lvov)

  Sweden 416

  ghetto

  synagogues: attacks on 18, 41, 56, 104,

  Union Générale des Israélites de France

  107–8, 110, 114

  272

  Szàlasy, Ferenc 410

  universities 76, 117, 128–9

  Sztojay, Dominik 371, 396, 405, 408–9

  attacks on Jews 22

  Sztojay government 407

  restrictions on number of Jewish

  students 39

  Tannenberg League 14

  student organizations 21

  Tarnopol pogrom 194, 195

  Upper Silesia 146, 155, 159, 291–2, 343, 345

  Tax Adjustment Law (October 1934): and

  concentration camps 318–19

  emigration 65–6

  liquidation of ghettos 380

  taxes 119–20

  see also Nisko Project

  emigration tax 120

  Upper Silesia Accord 69

  wealth tax on Jews 120

  Ustasha regime 365, 389

  theatre 39

  Ustredna Zidov, Slovakia 326

  exclusion of Jewish influence on 84

  Theresienstadt 321

  Vaada (Jewish Aid and Rescue

  deportations to 323–4, 386–7, 405

  Committee) 408, 412

  old people’s ghetto 323, 324

  Vaivara concentration camp 385, 415

  Thessaloniki 275

  Vallat, Xavier 272

  Thierack, Otto 543 n. 1

  Van Pelt, Robert Jan 281–2

  Thomas, Georg 212, 271, 494 n. 7

  Vatican 326

  Thuringian Regional Parliament 15

  Veesenmayer, Edmund 404, 406, 409

  Times, The

  Vichy goverment

  articles on events in Germany 447 n. 11

  Commissariat for the Jews 272

  Hitler interview 17

  Statut des Juifs 272

  Tiso, Joseph 295

  Vienna 99

  Todt Organisation 381

  anti-Jewish riots 108

  Topf & Söhne 281, 282

  deportation of Jews 152

  Trampedach, Friedrich 297

  Viking League 14

  Transnistria 228, 230, 252, 419

  Vileyka 221, 251, 346, 347, 383

  transport moratorium 323, 324, 333–4,

  Vilnius: resistance movements 385

  338

  Vilnius ghettos 236, 384

  Trawniki men 330, 338, 339

  Vitebsk ghetto 223

  Treblinka extermination camp 280,

  Volhynia-Podolia 349, 350, 351, 352

  339 – 41, 411

  resistance in 354

  deportations to 324, 337, 392

  völkisch movement 12–14, 20–1

  removal of traces 410

  Catholic Church and 23

  temporary closure 340

  Protestant Church and 22–3

  Index

  645

  Völkische Beobachter 18

  welfare services: Jewish community

  volksdeutscher Selbstschutz (German Self-

  and 72–3

  Defence Corps) 145

  Welzer, Harald 440 n. 20

  Westerkamp, Eberhard 293

  Wachsturmbann Eimann (Eimann Special

  Western Allies: negotiations with Nazi

  Guard Division) 138

  regime 411–12

  Wächter, Otto 293

  Wetzel (Adviser on Racial Issues in the

  Waffen-SS 145, 184, 185

  Eastern Ministry) 279–80, 297

  Wagner (Quartermaster General) 249

  White Ruthenia 346, 347, 349, 382

  Wagner, Adolf 48

  ghettos 383

  Wagner, Eduard 182

  Winter Relief Organization of the German

  Wagner, Gerhard 59, 74

  People 73

  Wagner, Horst 404

  Wirth, Christian 262, 280

  Wagner, Josef 159

  and Aktion Reinhardt 340

  Wagner, Robert 172

  and temporary closure of Belzec 331

  Walbaum, Jost 293

  Wisliceny, Dieter 68, 326, 371, 391, 412

  Walk, Joseph 134

  Wohltat (Ministerial Director, Reich

  Wannsee Conference 305–10, 357

  Economics Ministry) 125–6

  War Refugee Board 413

  Wolff, Karl 334

  Warsaw ghetto 159, 161, 166, 167, 321, 324,

  Wurm, Paul 289

  333, 489 n. 126, 524 n.38

  WVHA (SS Business and Administration

  concentration camp in 376

  Head Office) 316, 379, 414

  deportations to Treblinka 376

  Final Solution 335–7

  Yahil, Leni 487 n. 101

  Frank and 175

  Yanov ghetto 350–1

  Jewish Councils in 336

  Young German Order (Jungdeutscher

  uprising 377–8, 401

  Orden) 13–14

  Warthegau 138, 155, 156, 264, 343–4

  deportations from 159, 174

  ZAL Plaszow (Plaszow labour camp) 376,

  Final Solution in 290–1

  382

  forced labour camps 380

  Zapp (commando leader) 189

  mentally ill, murder of 138

  Zeitschel, Carltheo 274, 329, 396

  Warthegau ghettos 160

  Zentralestelle der Landesjustizverwaltungen

  Warthenau ghetto 380

  zur Aufklärung nationalsozialistischer

  weapons: ban on Jews owning 98, 117

  Verbrechen (Central Office for the

  Wehrmacht 180, 182, 345, 346

  Investigation of Nazi Crimes) 8

  Armaments Inspection 341–2

  Zentralestelle für jüdische Auswanderung,

  and criminal offences 183

  see Central Office for Jewish

  and ghettos 212

  Emigration

  mass murders in Soviet Union 242–7

  Zhitomir 348, 349–50

  and pogroms 194

  Zhitomir ghetto 224, 226, 518 n. 181

  and prisoners of war 249

  Ziegler, Hans Severus 82

  and reprisals 246

  Zimmermann, Michael 517 n. 174

  retaliatory actions 301

  Zionist Organization for Germany 43, 44, 105

  Weiss, Aharon 169–70

  Zionists 377

  Weissmandel, Michael Dor 326

  Zlocow pogrom 194

  Weizsäcker (Secretary of State) 404

  ZOB (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa,

  welfare benefits: as indication of ‘social<
br />
  Jewish combat organization) 377

  misfits’ 49

  Zyklon B gas 281, 345, 415

  welfare organizations: autonomous Jewish

  ZZW (Zydowski Zwiazek Wojskowy, Jewish

  sector and 88

  Military Association) 377

  Document Outline

  Contents

  Abbreviations

  Introduction

  Historical Background: Anti-Semitism in the Weimar Republic

  PART I: RACIAL PERSECUTION, 1933�1939

  1. The Displacement of the Jews from Public Life, 1933�1934

  2. Segregation and Comprehensive Discrimination, 1935�1937

  3. Interim Conclusions: The Removal of Jews from German Society, the Formation of the National Socialist �People�s Community�, and its Consequences for Jewish Life in Germany

  4. The Intensification of the Racial Persecution of Non-Jewish Groups by the Police Apparatus, 1936�1937

  5. Comprehensive Deprivation of Rights and Forced Emigration, late 1937�1939

  6. The Politics of Organized Expulsion

  PART II: THE PERSECUTION OF THE JEWS, 1939�1941

  7. The Persecution of Jews in the Territory of the Reich, 1939�1940

  8. German Occupation and the Persecution of the Jews in Poland, 1939�1940/1941: The First Variant of a �Territorial Solution�

  9. Deportations

  PART III: MASS EXECUTIONS OF JEWS IN THE OCCUPIED SOVIET ZONES, 1941

  10. Laying the Ground for a War of Racial Annihilation

  11. The Mass Murder of Jewish Men

  12. The Transition from Anti-Semitic Terror to Genocide

  13. Enforcing the Annihilation Policy: Extending the Shootings to the Whole Jewish Population

  PART IV: GENESIS OF THE FINAL SOLUTION ON A EUROPEAN SCALE, 1941

  14. Plans for a Europe-Wide Deportation Programme after the Start of Barbarossa

  15. Autumn 1941: Beginning of the Deportations and Regional Mass Murders

  16. The Wannsee Conference

  PART V: THE EXTERMINATION OF THE EUROPEAN JEW, 1942�1945

  17. The Beginning of the Extermination Policy on a European Scale in 1942

  18. The Further Development of the Policy of Extermination after the Turning of the War in 1942�1943: Continuation of the Murders and Geographical Expansion of the Deportations

  Conclusion

  Notes

  Bibliography

  Index

  A

  B

  C

  D

  E

  F

  G

  H

  I

  J

  K

  L

  M

  N

  O

  P

  R

  S

  T

  U

  V

  W

  Y

  Z