23. RUSSIA
Tsar Alexander to Caulaincourt comes from Promyslov, ‘The Grande Armée’s Retreat’ p. 131 n. 34 Napoleon on St Helena comes from ed. Latimer, Talks p. 210 1. Faber, Sketches pp. 187–8 2. Faber, Sketches p. 191 3. ed. Bingham, Selection III p. 69 4. CN21 nos. 17179 and 17187 pp. 297–302 5. Clark, Iron Kingdom p. 353, Méneval, Napoléon et Marie Louise I p. 342, Palmer, Alexander I p. 199n 6. Cate, Two Emperors p. xiii 7. Lentz, L’Effondrement p. 202 8. Riehn, Napoleon’s Russian Campaign p. 33 9. Riehn, Napoleon’s Russian Campaign pp. 34–5 10. Clark, Iron Kingdom p. 317 11. ed. Lentz, 1810 p. 306 12. ed. Chatel de Brancion, Cambacérès II p. 387 13. Thiers, History of France XII p. 477 14. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 6, Bausset, Private Memoirs p. 290 15. Rudé, Revolutionary Europe p. 251, Knight, Britain Against Napoleon ch. 13 16. Cobban, Modern France II p. 52 17. Schroeder, ‘Napoleon’s Foreign Policy’ p. 156 18. Gates, ‘The Wars of 1812’ p. 48 19. Fain, Manuscrit de 1812 I pp. 3–4 20. Fain, Manuscrit de 1812 I p. 9 21. Knight, Britain Against Napoleon p. 412 22. Knight, Britain Against Napoleon pp. 410–12 23. ed. Gielgud, Prince Adam Czartoryski II p. 214 24. ed. Gielgud, Prince Adam Czartoryski II p. 216 25. ed. Gielgud, Prince Adam Czartoryski II p. 221 26. Lieven, Russia against Napoleon passim 27. eds. Kagan and Higham, Military History of Tsarist Russia pp. 115–16, Palmer, Alexander I p. 201 28. Méneval, Napoléon et Marie Louise I pp. 341–2 29. Palmer, Alexander I p. 199 30. Nafziger, Napoleon’s Invasion of Russia p. 85 31. ed. Bingham, Selection III p. 84 32. Mowat, The Diplomacy of Napoleon p. 253 33. Palmer, Alexander I p. 202 34. ed. Bingham, Selection III p. 89 35. ed. Lentz, 1810 pp. 307–8, ed. Chatel de Brancion, Cambacérès II p. 391 36. ed. Lentz, 1810 p. 309 37. Bausset, Private Memoirs p. 290 38. Lavalette, Memoirs p. 102 39. Rovigo, Mémoires V p. 147 40. ed. Latimer, Talks pp. 152–3 41. Lavalette, Memoirs p. 102 42. Musée de la Préfecture de Police 43. ed. Cerf, Letters to Josephine p. 231 44. D’Abrantès, At the Court p. 360 45. ed. Latimer, Talks p. 153 46. ed. Bingham, Selection III p. 98 47. Esdaile, ‘Recent Writing’ p. 219, Lipscombe, Peninsular War Atlas p. 25 48. Alexander, ‘French Replacement Methods’ p. 196 49. ed. Bingham, Selection III p. 135 50. Parker, ‘Why Did Napoleon Invade Russia?’ p. 132 51. Whitcomb, Napoleon’s Diplomatic Service pp. 152–8 52. Palmer, Alexander I p. 203 53. Palmer, Alexander I p. 203 54. ed. Bingham, Selection III p. 110 55. ed. Lacour-Gayet, Chancellor Pasquier p. 112 56. ed. Lacour-Gayet, Chancellor Pasquier p. 114 57. CN23, no. 18568 p. 302 58. Bergeron, France Under Napoleon pp. 102–3 59. Palmer, Alexander I pp. 204–5 60. Palmer, Alexander I p. 205 61. AN AF IV 1656 62. McLynn, Napoleon p. 499 63. SHD GR 4.C/73 64. Cate, Two Emperors p. 70 65. Palmer, Alexander I p. 207 66. Palmer, Alexander I p. 207, Arboit, ‘1812: Le Renseignement Russe’ p. 86, ed. Lentz, 1810 p. 310, Fain, Manuscrit de 1812 I p. 27, Bausset, Private Memoirs p. 289 67. ed. Chatel de Brancion, Cambacérès II p. 391 68. Buckland, Metternich p. 219 69. Palmer, Alexander I p. 208, Mowat, Diplomacy of Napoleon p. 254 70. Fain, Manuscrit de 1812 I pp. 81–2 71. AN AF IV 1654 72. CN23 no. 18420, p. 160 73. CN23 no. 18523 p. 253 74. Fain, Manuscrit de 1812 I pp. 16–19 75. Fain, Manuscrit de 1812 I pp. 49–50 76. Pradt, Histoire de l’Ambassade p. 122 77. CG12 no. 30343 p. 429, March 30, 1812 78. Fain, Manuscrit de 1812 I p. 32 79. Fain, Manuscrit de 1812 I p. 310 80. Fain, Manuscrit de 1812 I p. 311 81. CN12 no. 30225 p. 374 82. Dague, ‘Henri Clarke’ pp. 2–3 83. Simms, Europe p. 170, Fain, Manuscrit de 1812 I pp. 57–8 84. CN23 no. 18652 p. 371 85. CG12 no. 30492 p. 517, April 25, 1812 86. ed. Lacour-Gayet, Chancellor Pasquier p. 119 87. ed. Lacour-Gayet, Chancellor Pasquier p. 118 88. ed. Metternich, Memoirs I p. 122 89. ed. Roncière, Letters to Marie-Louise p. 49 90. Cate, Two Emperors p. 127 91. ed. Ernouf, Souvenirs pp. 232–3 92. CG12 nos. 30799–30827 pp. 666–77, June 4, 1812 93. Rapp, Memoirs pp. 168–9 94. Fain, Manuscrit de 1812 I pp. 88–9 95. Forrest, Napoleon p. 199, Evstafiev, Resources of Russia p. 6 96. CN23 no. 18855 p. 528 97. TLS 10/4/1959 p. 206, ed. Roncière, Letters to Marie-Louise p. 68, Soltyk, Napoléon en 1812 pp. 8–10 98. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 15 99. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 15 100. Ashby, Napoleon against Great Odds p. 1, Weigley, Age of Battles p. 443, ed. Bingham, Selection III p. 136, Gill, With Eagles to Glory p. 9 101. Schroeder, ‘Napoleon’s Foreign Policy’ p. 153 102. Gill, With Eagles to Glory p. 9 103. ed. Raeff, Foot Soldier p. xxiii 104. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 12 105. Lochet, ‘Destruction of the Grande Armée’ passim, Rothenberg, Art of Warfare p. 128 106. Lochet, ‘Destruction of the Grande Armée’ passim 107. Lochet, ‘Destruction of the Grande Armée’ passim, Nafziger, Napoleon’s Invasion of Russia p. 86 108. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 12 109. Merridale, Red Fortress p. 211
24. TRAPPED
Champagny’s quote comes from Champagny, Souvenirs p. 142 Lord Montgomery’s quote comes from Hansard Fifth Series House of Lords vol. ccxli col. 227 1. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 17 2. ed. Roncière, Letters to Marie-Louise p. 67 3. CG12 no. 31046 p. 775, June 25, 1812 4. CG12 no. 31066 p. 786, June 30, 1812 5. Soltyk, Napoléon en 1812 pp. 35–8 6. Davies, Vanished Kingdoms p. 293 7. Zamoyski, 1812 pp. 161–3 8. CN24, no. 18962 p. 61 9. Coignet, Captain Coignet p. 201 10. ed. Brett-James, Eyewitness Accounts p. 53 11. AN 400AP/81/pp. 22–5 12. Fain, Manuscrit de 1812 I p. 188 13. Dumas, Memoirs II p. 232 14. AN 400AP/81/p. 30 15. CG12 no. 31077 p. 793, July 1, 1812 16. ed. Roncière, Letters to Marie-Louise p. 75 17. CG12 no. 31068 p. 787, July 1, 1812 18. CG12 no. 31068 pp. 787–90, July 1, 1812 19. Chaptal, Souvenirs p. 302 20. Lieven, Russia against Napoleon p. 219 21. ed. Castellane, Journal I p. 113 22. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 25 23. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 26 24. Cartwright and Biddiss, Disease and History p. 91 25. ed. Hanoteau, With Napoleon in Russia pp. 66–7 26. CG12 no. 51150 p. 829, July 8, 1812 27. ed. Brett-James, Eyewitness Accounts p. 47 28. Cartwright and Biddiss, Disease and History pp. 83ff 29. Cartwright and Biddiss, Disease and History p. 91 30. CG12 no. 31201 p. 858, July 12, 1812 31. Rose, Napoleon’s Campaign in Russia pp. 101–2 32. Rose, Napoleon’s Campaign in Russia p. 182 33. Cobb, Police and the People p. 111 n. 1 34. Prinzing, Epidemics Resulting from Wars p. 106 35. Kerckhove, Histoire des maladies p. 405 36. Kerckhove, Histoire des maladies pp. 406–7 37. Gourgaud, Napoleon and the Grand Army p. 12 38. ed. Castellane, Journal I p. 113 39. CG12 no. 31184 p. 847, July 10, 1812 40. ed. Brett-James, Eyewitness Accounts p. 51 41. ed. Brett-James, Eyewitness Accounts p. 53 42. Austin, 1812 p. 160 43. Saint-Denis, Napoleon from the Tuileries p. 66 44. Rossetti, ‘Journal’ pp. 217–19 45. CG12 no. 31261 p. 889, July 19, 1812 46. Rossetti, ‘Journal’ pp. 217–19 47. ed. Hanoteau, With Napoleon in Russia p. 634 48. ed. Markham, Imperial Glory p. 262, Smith, Data Book p. 382 49. CG12 no. 31335 p. 926, July 26, 1812 50. CG12 nos. 31291, 31337 p. 904, July 22, 1812, p. 927, July 26, 1812 51. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 34 52. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 35 53. Labaume, The Crime of 1812 p. 80 54. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 36 55. CG12 no. 31396 p. 952, August 2, 1812 56. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 38 57. Nicolson, Napoleon: 1812 p. 99 58. ed. Roncière, Letters to Marie-Louise p. 86 59. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 40 60. CG12 no. 31435 p. 971, August 7, 1812 61. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 44 62. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 45 63. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia pp. 41–4 64. Fain, Manuscrit de 1812 I pp. 321–4 65. ed. Castellane, Journal I p. 112 66. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 50, ed. Haythornthwaite, Final Verdict p. 223 67. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 284 n. 5 68. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 67 69. ed. Latimer, Talks p. 159 70. Rossetti, ‘Journal’ pp. 232–3 71. Rapp, Memoirs p. 193 72. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia pp. 61–2 73. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 61 74. Lochet, ‘The
Destruction of the Grande Armée’ passim 75. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 68 76. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 265 77. CG12 no. 31608 pp. 1046–7, August 26, 1812 78. ed. Kerry, The First Napoleon p. 20 79. Girod de l’Ain, Dix ans pp. 252–4 80. CG12 no. 31610 p. 1047, August 26, 1812 81. Wesling, Napoleon p. 154 82. CG12 no. 31659 p. 1071, September 2, 1812 83. CG12 no. 31666 p. 1075, September 3, 1812 84. CG12 no. 31671 pp. 1076–7, September 3, 1812 85. Cartwright and Biddiss, Disease and History p. 94 86. Fain, Manuscrit de 1812 II p. 8 87. Castelot, La Campagne p. 143. 88. Bausset, Private Memoirs p. 315, Weigley, Age of Battles p. 449, Cartwright and Biddiss, Disease and History p. 94, Forrest, Napoleon p. 308 89. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 82, TLS 10/4/1959 p. 206, Brett-James, Eyewitness Accounts p. 131 90. ed. Bell, Baron Lejeune II pp. 216–18 91. Rapp, Memoirs p. 201, ed. Bell, Baron Lejeune II pp. 205–6, Fain, Manuscrit de 1812 II p. 11 92. CN24 no. 19182 p. 207 93. Rapp, Memoirs p. 202 94. Rapp, Memoirs p. 203 95. Fain, Manuscrit de 1812 II p. 19 96. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 75 97. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 82 98. Fain, Manuscrit de 1812 II p. 41 99. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 73 100. Headley, Imperial Guard p. 127 101. Headley, Imperial Guard p. 127 102. Bausset, Private Memoirs p. 320 103. Rapp, Memoirs p. 208 104. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia pp. 82, 84 105. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 73 106. Smith, Data Book pp. 389–90 107. CG12 no. 31678 p. 1080, September 8, 1812 108. Bausset, Private Memoirs p. 319 109. ed. Latimer, Talks p. 158 110. Dumas, Memoirs II p. 440 111. Fain, Manuscrit de 1812 II p. 45 112. Pawly, Red Lancers pp. 37–8 113. ed. North, With Napoleon’s Guard p. 61 114. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 70
25. RETREAT
Napoleon’s military maxim comes from ed. Chandler, Napoleon’s Military Maxims p. 57 1. Bausset, Private Memoirs p. 319 2. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 86 3. CG12 no. 31708 p. 1091, September 10, 1812 4. Palmer, Napoleon in Russia p. 132 5. ed. Brett-James, Eyewitness Accounts p. 144, Merridale, Red Fortress p. 211 6. Vaskin, ‘Three Mistakes of Napoleon’ p. 1, Soltyk, Napoléon en 1812 pp. 26–70 7. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 90 8. ed. Brett-James, Eyewitness Accounts p. 172 9. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 90, Olivier, Burning of Moscow p. 43 10. Merridale, Red Fortress p. 212 11. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 90 12. Merridale, Red Fortress p. 211 13. Olivier, Burning of Moscow p. 189, Rostopchine, L’Incendie de Moscou p. 103 14. Rapp, Memoirs p. 210, ed. Kerry, The First Napoleon p. 24, Merridale, Red Fortress p. 216 15. Cockburn, Buonaparte’s Voyage p. 18 16. Merridale, Red Fortress p. 216 17. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 96 18. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 94 19. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 97 20. Merridale, Red Fortress p. 211 21. ed. Fleischmann, L’Épopée Impériale p. 266 22. Peyrusse, Mémorial et Archives p. 97 23. Merridale, Red Fortress p. 211 24. Ebrington, Memorandum p. 12 25. Ebrington, Memorandum p. 12 26. Merridale, Red Fortress p. 211 27. SHD GR C2/167 28. Fain, Manuscrit de 1812 II pp. 93–94 29. Fain, Manuscrit de 1812 II p. 95 30. Fain, Manuscrit de 1812 II p. 96 31. Fain, Manuscrit de 1812 II p. 97 32. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 100 33. ed. Latimer, Talks p. 158 34. eds. Kagan and Higham, Military History of Tsarist Russia p. 118 35. Fain, Manuscrit de 1812 II p. 99 36. CG12 no. 31731 p. 1101, September 18, 1812 37. CG12 no. 31736 p. 1103, September 20, 1812 38. ed. Bingham, Selection III p. 176 39. ed. North, With Napoleon’s Guard p. 37 40. SHD GR C2/524, Austin, 1812 pp. 156–7 41. ed. Castellane, Journal I p. 161 42. Bausset, Private Memoirs pp. 330–31 43. Rapp, Memoirs p. 210 44. Merridale, Red Fortress p. 215 45. Lieven, Russia against Napoleon pp. 89, 134–5 46. CG12 no. 31411 p. 959,August 5, 1812 47. ed. Bingham, Selection III p. 199 48. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 109 49. CG12 no. 31862 pp. 1160–61, October 6, 1812 50. CG12 no. 31863 p. 1161, October 6, 1812 51. Fain, Manuscrit de 1812 II p. 55 52. Fain, Manuscrit de 1812 II pp. 151–2 53. Fain, Manuscrit de 1812 II p. 152 54. Bausset, Private Memoirs p. 336 55. ed. Roncière, Letters to Marie-Louise p. 115 56. Adlerfeld, King Charles XII III p. 96n 57. Fain, Manuscrit de 1812 II p. 152 58. Labaume, Crime of 1812 p. 168 59. Smith, Data Book p. 395, ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 123, Rothenberg, Art of Warfare p. 130 60. ed. Castellane, Journal I p. 171 61. CG12 nos. 31938, 31941 pp. 1201–3, October 18, 1812 62. Merridale, Red Fortress p. 215 63. CG12 no. 31958 p. 1211, October 21, 1812 64. Austin, 1812 p. 184 65. Labaume, Crime of 1812 p. 183 66. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia pp. 132–5, Bausset, Private Memoirs p. 33, Fain, Manuscrit de 1812 II p. 250 67. ed. Hanoteau, With Napoleon in Russia p. 298 68. Fain, Manuscrit de 1812 II p. 253 69. CG12 no. 32019 p. 1240, November 6, 1812 70. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia pp. 136–8 71. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia pp. 136–8 72. ed. Summerville, Napoleon’s Expedition to Russia p. 138 73. CG12 no. 31971 p. 1219, October 26, 1812 74. ed. Latimer, Talks p. 159 75. Labaume, Crime of 1812 p. 185 76. Labaume, Crime of 1812 p. 186 77. Labaume, Crime of 1812 p. 189 78. Labaume, Crime of 1812 p. 193 79. Labaume, Crime of 1812 p. 195 80. Labaume, Crime of 1812 p. 218 81. Wilson, Narrative of Events pp. 225–60 82. Labaume, Crime of 1812 p. 163 83. Labaume, Crime of 1812 p. 206 84. Bell, First Total War p. 261 85. The Nation, 16/7/1896 p. 45 86. ed. Tulard, Cambacérès: lettres inédites p. 14 87. Emsley, Gendarmes and the State p. 62, Rovigo, Mémoires VI pp. 4, 53, Lavalette, Memoirs pp. 105–9, Lentz, La conspiration du Général Malet p. 271n, Cobban, Modern France II p. 60, ed. Lacour-Gayet, Chancellor Pasquier pp. 120–21, eds. Dwyer and McPhee, The French Revolution and Napoleon p. 188 88. Dague, ‘Henri Clarke’ p. 10 n. 25 89. ed. Noailles, Count Molé p. 129 90. Lavalette, Memoirs p. 109 91. Fain, Manuscrit de 1812 II p. 285 92. Guérard, Reflections p. 91 93. ed. Brett-James, Eyewitness Accounts pp. 233–9 94. Langeron, Mémoires de Langeron p. 93 95. Wilson, Narrative of Events pp. 255–60 96. eds. Hennet and Martin, Lettres interceptées p. 319 97. CG12 no. 32026 p. 1242 98. Labaume, Crime of 1812 p. 224 99. Rose, Napoleon’s Campaign in Russia p. 105 100. Smith, Data Book p. 404 101. ed. Bingham, Selection III p. 184 102. Bausset, Private Memoirs p. 349 103. ed. Brett-James, Eyewitness Accounts p. 207 104. Bausset, Private Memoirs p. 350 105. Langeron, Mémoires de Langeron p. 89 106. ed. Cisterne, Journal de marche pp. 140–45 107. Mikaberidze, The Battle of the Berezina passim 108. Rossetti, ‘Journal du Général Rossetti’ p. 33 109. CG12 no. 32071 p. 1270, November 24, 1812 110. Saint-Cyr, Mémoires III pp. 230–31 111. ed. Cisterne, Journal de marche pp. 140–45 112. Rossetti, ‘Journal du Général Rossetti’ p. 37 113. Fain, Manuscrit de 1812 II p. 329 114. ed. Cisterne, Journal de marche pp. 140–45 115. ed. Cisterne, Journal de marche pp. 140–45 116. ed. Cisterne, Journal de marche pp. 140–45 117. ed. Brett-James, Eyewitness Accounts p. 256 118. ed. Brett-James, Eyewitness Accounts pp. 256–7 119. Rossetti, ‘Journal du Général Rossetti’ p. 39 120. Rossetti, ‘Journal du Général Rossetti’ p. 38 121. ed. Brett-James, Eyewitness Accounts p. 258 122. ed. Brett-James, Eyewitness Accounts p. 246 123. ed. Raeff, Napoleonic Foot Soldier p. 81 124. Kiley, Once There Were Titans p. 196 125. CG12 no. 32079 p. 1276, November 27, 1812 126. ed. Brett-James, Eyewitness Accounts p. 260 127. Langeron, Mémoires de Langeron p. 218 128. ed. Brett-James, Eyewitness Accounts p. 262 129. CG12 no. 32084 p. 1278, November 29, 1812 130. ed. Markham, Imperial Glory pp. 310–13 131. Clark, Iron Kingdom p. 356 132. Namier, Vanished Supremacies pp. 1–3 133. ed. Noailles, Count Molé p. 164 134. Clark, Iron Kingdom pp. 358–90 135. CN24 no. 19490, p. 430 136. ed. Hanoteau, With Napoleon in Russia I p. 203 137. Cartwright and Biddiss, Disease and History p. 98 138. Schneid, ‘The Dynamics of Defeat’ pp. 7–8 139. Labaume, Crime of 1812 p. 205 140. The Nation 16/7/1896 p. 46 141. Rapp, Memoirs p. 250 142. ed. Bingham, Selection III p. 195 143. Fain, Manuscrit de 1813 I p. 8 144. Rapp, Memoirs p. 24 145. SHD GR21.YC/679
146. SHD GR21.YC/36 147. Kiley, Once There Were Titans p. 293 n. 3 148. ed. Raeff, Napoleonic Foot Soldier p. xxvi 149. Schneid, ‘The Dynamics of Defeat’ p. 12 150. Eidahl, ‘Marshal Oudinot’ p. 14, Labaume, Crime of 1812 p. 233 151. ed. Brett-James, Eyewitness Accounts p. 282
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