Réveille, Albert, historian 415
Revolution of 1789
and division of France 67–8
and sale of land 91–2
and social mobility 110–11
and religion 120–21
Revolution of 1830 50
and anticlericalism 119, 122, 133
and workers 99
and Germany 205
and art 185
Revolution of 1848
and universal suffrage 55–6
and women’s suffrage 163–4
and religion 136–7
see also June Days
Rhineland, under French rule 5, 6, 20, 33
Confederation of the Rhine 33
Ricard, Xavier de, regionalist 298, 300, 301, 316
Richard, Albert, Lyon workers’ leader 234
Richelieu, Armand Emmanuel du Plessis, Duc de, soldier and politician 30, 43, 116, 215
Richer, Léon, campaigner 166, 370, 382
Rieffel, Jules, agronomist 75
Rigault, Raoul, revolutionary 241
Rimbaud, Arthur, poet 12, 393
Rive-de-Gier 318, 319, 323
Rivoli, battle of (1797) 20
roads see transport
Roanne 163
Robespierre, Maximilien, revolutionary 7, 19, 52, 54
Robin, Paul, campaigner 368
Roche, Émile, politician 286
Rochechouart, Comte de, soldier 215
Rochefort, Henri, politician 10, 64, 1923
and Paris Commune 239, 243, 252
and Boulangism 262, 263, 264
and anti-Semitism 265, 353
and Dreyfus Affair 274, 275, 386
Rochefort, Noémie 386
Romantic movement 8, 11, 168–73, 391
Rome
French troops occupy (1849) 138
French troops withdraw (1870) 337
Rome, King of see Napoleon II
Rondet, Michel, miners’ leader 322
Rostand, Edmond, playwright 398–9, 402
Rothschild, Gustave de 332, 384
Rothschild, James de 113–14, 232
Rothschild, Marguerite de 335
Roubaix
textile industry in 156, 318, 320, 373
politics in 267, 275, 302, 347
Rouen, textile industry in 94, 112
Rouergue, the 94, 95
Rouher, Eugène, politician 58, 60, 61, 64, 65
Rouvier, Maurice, politician 261, 265, 282, 425
royalism
in First Republic 20–21, 24
at Restoration (ultras) 43, 44, 73–4
in Second Republic 84, 85
in Third Republic 238–9, 248–50, 257, 261, 262, 263, 264, 290
see also Legitimism, Orleanism, Action Française
Royer, Clémence, scientist 383
Royer-Collard, Pierre-Paul, politician and philosopher 45
Rudler, François-Joseph, administrator 68
Ruffo, Cardinal Fabrizio, counter-revolutionary 21
rugby 408, 409
Russia
and revolutionary wars 21
invaded by France (1812) 37–8, 199, 214–15
and occupation of France (1814–18) 215–16
Decembrist revolt in (1825) 217–18
French visitors on 214–19
art of 218–19
Church in 217
literature of 420
and French alliance (1894) 419–21, 435
Sacré-Coeur, basilica of 338
Saint-Arnaud, Marshal Armand-Jacques Leroy de 60
Saint-Chamond 319
Saint-Cyr, military school 107–8
Saint-Denis 302, 321, 352
Saint-Étienne
industry in 94, 96, 163, 318, 319, 372–3
commune in (1871) 242, 289
labour organization in 321–2
municipalization of services in 302, 303
Saint-Just, Louis de, revolutionary 7, 52
Saint-Malo 66
former diocese of 128–9
Saint-Nazaire 270
Saint-Ouen 302
Saint-Simonian movement 108, 161–3, 167
Sainte-Beuve, Charles Augustin, literary critic 158, 170, 171, 180, 189, 391, 398
Sainte-Croix, Avril de, feminist 383
Salisbury, Robert Cecil, Marquis of 416, 423
Salon, the see painting
salons 147, 159, 160, 170, 172, 252, 393, 397–8, 399–400
Sand, George, writer 9, 73, 135, 147–8, 163–4, 165, 233, 244, 246, 378
Sangnier, Marc, Catholic militant 14, 361–2
Sarcey, Francisque, journalist 236
Sarraut, Albert and Maurice, press barons and politicians 293
Sartre, Jean-Paul 406
Saumonneau, Louise, socialist and feminist 384, 388
Say, Jean-Baptiste, economist 208, 252
Say, Léon, politician 251, 252, 254, 342
Sazie, Léon, writer 404
Scey-Montbéliard, Comte Pierre-Georges de, royalist 71–2
Scheurer-Kestner, Auguste, politician 9, 63, 251, 256, 273–4, 411
Schmahl, Jeanne, feminist 12, 387
Schneider, Eugène, industrialist and politician 62, 101, 112, 195, 231
Schneider, Eugène II, industrialist 303
Schneider, Henri, industrialist 302, 334
Schneider, Hortense, actress 194, 195
Scott, Walter, writer 171, 184, 185, 364
Scribe, Eugène, playwright and librettist 179–80, 181, 191
seaside, the 87–8, 308–10
Section Française de l’Internationale Ouvrière (1905) 283, 284, 287, 288, 388, 427, 434
Sedan, battle of (1870) 231, 411, 415
Sée, Camille, politician 353, 377
Ségur, Comtesse Sophie de, writer 192
Seize Mai crisis (1877) 253, 257, 260, 341
Semaine Sanglante (May 1871) 243–4, 258
Senior, Nassau William, economist 209
Separation of Church and state (1905) 284, 341, 441
Sérusier, Paul, artist 395
Seurat, Georges, artist 12, 396, 397
Shakespeare, plays of 170, 177, 178, 208, 218
Siegfried, Julie, philanthropist 385
Sieyès, Abbé Emmanuel Joseph, writer and politician 3–4, 25, 27, 28
Signac, Paul, artist 12, 396, 397
Sillon, the 361–2
Simon, Jules, politician 89, 109, 351, 253, 340, 370
Simond, Louis, traveller 208–9
Singer, Winaretta see Polignac, Princesse de
Smith, Southwood, physician and reformer 208–9
Smith, W. H., bookseller 192
socialism
Marxist 10, 11, 12, 258, 267
Proudhonist 258, 266–7, 270
reformist 12, 26, 267–8
and labour movement 267, 268, 269
and local government 301–3
and religion 346
and feminism 382, 388
and war 426–8, 435–6
Society for the Amelioration of Women’s Condition (1870) 166
Society for the Emancipation of Women (1848) 164
Society for Female Suffrage (1878) 382
Society for Maternal Charity (1810) 159–60
Society of Friends of Liberty and Equality (1797) 24
Society of Friends of the People (1830) 7, 52
Society of Revolutionary Republican Women (1793) 158
Society of the Rights of Man (1831) 7, 52, 53
Society of the Rights of Man and the Citizen (1888) 264
Society of the Seasons (1839) 53
Solages, Marquis de, industrialist and politician 268
Soult, Marshal Jean-de-Dieu 34, 115
Souvestre, Pierre, writer 404
spa towns 88
Spain
occupied by France (1808) 37
invaded (1823) 47
sport, 408–9
Spuller, Eugène, politician 352
Staël, Germa
ine de, writer
life and loves 142–3
and politics 5, 38, 39–40, 44, 46, 159, 304
Corinne 200–201
Delphine 141–2, 164
On Germany 30, 38, 203–5
Steeg, Jules, educationist 341
Stein, Gertrude, writer and patron 400
Stendhal, writer
career 36, 172
The Charterhouse of Parma 199
Life of Henri Brulard 78
Le Rouge et le noir 172–3
on French civilization 78
on Italy 199–200, 201, 202, 203
on Britain 206, 209
Stern, Daniel see Agoult, Marie d’
Stockach, battle of (1799) 21
Strauss, Johann, musician 180
Stravinsky, Igor, composer 400
strikes see labour movement
Sue, Eugène, writer 81
The Mysteries of Paris 81–2, 83, 195
Suez Canal 198, 225–6
Suez Canal Company 335, 416
suffrage, limited 10
universal 55–6, 246–7, 252, 256
women’s 163–4, 381–3, 385–8
Suvarov, General Alexander 21
Swetchine, Madame Sophie 135
Syllabus of Errors, The (1864) 139, 339
Symbolism 12, 393–5, 396, 397, 399
Syria 5, 21, 221
Syveton, Gabriel, politician 276, 283
Taine, Hippolyte, writer 190, 203, 398
Talleyrand-Périgord, Charles-Maurice, Prince de, statesman
and the Revolution 4, 20, 25
and Napoleon 32, 34
and Madame de Staël 143, 159
at the Restoration 38–9, 43, 44
death of 109
Talleyrand-Périgord, Hélie, Prince de 335
Talma, actor 177
Tarde, Alfred de, writer 433
Tardieu, André, politician 307
tariffs 256, 271
Taylor, Baron Isidore, theatre director 170
Tchaikovsky, Pyotr Ilyich 420
Teisserenc de Bort, Pierre-Edmond, politician 294
Terront, Charles, cyclist 409
Terror, reign of (1793–4) 2, 4, 7, 23, 27, 54, 55, 131
Terror, White (1815) 42, 43, 73–4
Thabault, Roger, writer 312–13
Thalamas, Amédée, teacher 429
theatre 177–80, 187–8, 391, 396, 398–9
Thermidor (July 1794) 5
Thiébaud, Georges, Bonapartist 10
Thiers, Adolphe
journalist and historian 7, 48, 49
minister under July Monarchy 50, 52, 54, 108, 221, 222
opposition under Second Empire 60, 64
in Government of National Defence (1870) 290, 231–2, 351
head of executive power (1871) 239– 40, 241, 243, 290
president of the Republic (1871–3) 247–8, 287, 340, 410, 411
Thivrier, Christophe, socialist 302
Thomas, General Clément 240
Three Year Law (1913) see army
Tilsit, Treaty of (1807) 33
Tocqueville, Alexis de
Democracy in America 212–14
on Britain 209
on Algeria 222
and Second Republic 58, 82, 85, 86, 177
and Second Empire 60, 62
The Ancien Régime and the Revolution 62
Tolain, Henri, labour leader 101
Tolstoy, Leo 420
Toulouse
royalists attack (1799) 26
counter-revolution in (1815) 43, 73
commune in (1871) 242, 289
Toulouse-Lautrec, Henri de, artist 406, 407
Tour de France
of workers 96–7, 99
of cyclists 409
Touring Club de France (1890) 309, 310
trade unions
law of 1864 100–101
law of 1884 315–16, 321–3, 325–6
Trafalgar, battle of (1805) 33
transport
road 66–7, 75–6, 309–10
water 75
rail 76, 86–7, 111, 113–14, 308
Trebbia River, battle of the (1799) 21
Tremoïlle, Princesse de la 116
Tridon, Gustave, revolutionary 241
Tristan, Flora, socialist and feminist 162–3, 209, 210, 382
Trochu, General Louis-Jules 230, 232, 233, 235, 237, 238
Trouville 87
Troyes 319, 373
Truquin, Norbert, worker 97–8, 100
Tunisia 331, 416, 432
Turgenev, Ivan 190, 391, 420
Ulm 33
Union of the Right (1885) 257, 261, 344, 352
Union Régionaliste Bretonne (1898) 301
Union Sacrée (1914) 286–7
United States
War of Independence 4
French visitors on 211–14
sale of Louisiana (1803) 211, 212
native Americans 212, 213–14
slavery 214
Uzès, Marie Adrienne, Duchesse d’ 263
Vaillant, Auguste, anarchist 269
Vaillant, Édouard, socialist 241, 258, 259, 268, 269, 274, 281
Vaillant-Couturier, Paul, socialist 287
Vaïsse, Claude Marius, administrator 87
Valéry, Paul, poet 394
Children of the Revolution Page 68