The Profiteers

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The Profiteers Page 48

by Sally Denton


  El Paso Natural Gas, 101

  Engelhardt, Tom, 240

  Engineering News-Record (magazine), 308

  Enka, 211, 216, 306–07

  Enron, 226, 227

  environmental cleanup projects, 158, 206, 217, 231, 293, 304

  audits of, 247

  hurrican Katrina and, 244, 245–48, 262

  after nuclear power plant accidents, 10, 149–50, 152, 216

  Equitable Life Insurance Company, 336n122

  Eubanks, Alice Elizabeth Bechtel, 8, 23

  Eubanks, Brantley M., 8

  Export Council, 229

  Export-Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im Bank; EXIM)

  Aqaba pipeline proposal and, 170, 171, 188

  Bechtel’s financing using, 216, 229, 349n190

  Casey as head of, 132

  Croatian roadway project and, 216

  Indian power plant project and, 226

  Iraq projects and, 170, 171, 188, 200

  Russian loans from, 100, 101–02, 110

  nuclear energy facilities and, 102

  Sausi Arabia and, 61

  Steve Sr.’s position with, 95, 101

  Taiwan projects and, 157

  F-15 jet fighter bombers, 127–28, 165

  Faisal, King of Saudi Arabia, 58, 122, 125

  Faisal II, King of Iraq, 1, 5

  Farley, Terry, 242

  Federal Aid Road Act, 25

  Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

  Bechtel’s South Korean project and, 349n190

  environmental crimes and, 269

  McCone and, 66, 75

  Lee’s espionage case and, 252, 253

  Pollard’s arrest by, 14, 181–82, 346n181

  possible bribery of South Korean officials and, 349n190

  Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), 164, 246, 248

  Federal Financing Bank, 296

  Federal Trade Commission (FTC), 116, 119, 122, 336n122

  Feinstein, Dianne, 292

  Feith, Peter, 306–07

  fertilizer plant construction projects, 58, 95, 101

  Financial Times, 176, 198, 232

  Fluor Corporation, 122, 336n122

  Flynn, Raymond, 207

  Flynn, Tom, 198

  Fonda, Jane, 149

  Forbes (magazine), 8, 135, 213, 214, 219, 220

  Ford, Gerald, 89, 111, 113, 116, 125, 126, 130, 132, 146, 153, 163, 167, 281

  Ford, Henry, 25, 86

  Ford Motor Company, 25–26

  Foreign Affairs (magazine), 98

  Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (1977), 190, 349n190

  Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, 132

  foreign policy. See US foreign policy

  Foreign Policy (magazine), 210, 307

  Foreign Relations Committee, Senate, 139, 145

  Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP), 152

  Forrestal, James, 66, 67

  Fortune (magazine), 6, 29, 32, 47, 52, 53, 86

  “four horsemen of the apocalypse,” 277–78, 282, 318

  “Four Horsemen of the Non-Apocalypse,” 153–54, 282, 283–84

  Frank, Barney, 207

  Franks, Tommy, 235

  Freedom of Information Act, 290, 318, 363–64n290

  Freeh, Louis, 253

  “Free Jonathan Pollard” movement, 14–15, 300

  Fremont Group, 219–20

  Fremont Properties, 220

  Friedman, Alan, 172, 176

  Friedman, Milton, 113, 167, 245–46

  Friends in High Places (McCartney), 310–11

  Gabon, 304

  Galbraith, Francis J., 96

  Galbraith, John Kenneth, 249

  Garbuzov, Vasiliy, 110

  Garner, Jay, 235, 240

  Gatwick Airport, London, 9

  Gejdenson, Sam, 200

  General Accounting Office (GAO), 52, 162, 240

  General Construction Co., 30

  Generals Highway, Sequoia National Park, 25

  Georgetown University Center for Strategic and International Studies, 309

  Getty, J. Paul, 85

  Getty Oil Company, 85

  Giuffrida, Louis Onorato, 164

  Glaspie, April, 193, 201

  Glickman, Daniel R., 261

  globalization, 203, 236

  Goethals, George Washington, 31

  Gofman, John, 268

  Goldwater, Barry, 89

  Gonzalez, Henry, 198–99

  Gorbachev, Mikhail, 258

  Gore, Al, 254

  Gottlieb, Robert, 33, 42, 89, 136, 145

  Government Accountability Project, 293

  government owned and contractor operated (GOCO) model, 157, 258

  Grand Canyon, 28

  Great Depression, 11, 12, 30, 34, 38

  Greece, 121, 208

  Greeley, Horace, 21

  Greider, William, 148, 153, 199, 308

  Guardian, 168, 173, 307

  Gulf War, 200, 212, 241, 269

  Gusterson, Hugh, 251, 252, 265

  Gwertzman, Bernard, 111

  Gwilliam, J. Gary, 264, 285–90

  background of, 285–87

  earlier successful cases brought by, 287–88

  Habib, Philip C., 142, 147, 148, 165, 168

  Habiger, Eugene A., 253

  Haifa, Israel, project proposal, 124

  Haig, Alexander M. Jr., 140–41, 142, 143, 144, 147, 155, 165

  Haldeman, Robert, 110

  Halliburton, 82, 239, 244

  Hamad International Airport, Doha, Qatar, 9

  Hamilton, Lee, 300

  Hammer, Armand, 94, 101–02, 215

  Hanauer, Stephen, 120–21

  Hanford Site, Washington (nuclear reactor and radioactive-waste treatment plant), 10, 68, 256, 292–93

  Harriman, Ed, 240

  Hart, Parker T. (“Pete”), 122–23, 170

  Hartung, William D., 281

  Harvard University, 40, 118, 164, 268

  Hecker, Siegfried, 254–55

  Helms, Richard

  Allende coup in Chile and, 97, 98–99

  as Bechtel consultant, 99, 127, 128, 162

  as CIA director, 80, 97–98, 162

  Kennedy’s assassination and, 80

  Henry J. Kaiser Co., 30

  Herbert, Bob, 230

  Hercules Powder Company, 50

  Heritage Foundation, 163, 229, 309

  Hersh, Seymour, 128, 235, 301, 329n80, 344n174, 346n178

  Hezbollah, 187

  Hiltzik, Michael, 28, 38

  Hiroshima bombing, Japan, 10, 68–69

  Hobson, David, 11, 263

  Hoffman, Gil, 182

  Hoffman, Ian, 254, 255

  Hogan and Hartson, 129

  Holder, Eric, 298

  Holocaust, 177

  Hong Kong, 9, 208, 211

  Hoover, Herbert, 26, 31, 55, 88, 89, 118

  Hoover Dam, 28–42

  background to development of, 30–31

  Bechtel’s reputation after, 59, 296

  Boulder City community built for, 39, 40, 41, 318

  completion of, 37, 44

  Crowe as chief engineer during construction of, 34–36, 38, 39, 40

  Dad Bechtel’s work on, 26–27, 38, 40, 41, 42

  deaths during construction of, 40, 42

  diverting Colorado River for, 36–37

  as engineering epic, 29

  government contract in, 12, 32–33, 38–39

  heat conditions during construction of, 39–40

  joint venture for construction of, 29

  modern machinery used for, 36

  safety violations and labor unrest at, 38, 40–42, 62

  as signature project for Bechtel, 6, 29, 44

  Six Companies’ construction of, 29, 36, 47

  Steve Jr.’s childhood visits to, 86

  Steve Sr.’s work on, 6, 38, 48

  utility company connection from construction of, 71

  western development powered by, 30, 31, 33


  workers on, 35, 42, 317

  working conditions on, 39–40

  Hoover Institution, 163, 318

  Hore-Lacy, Ian, 261

  Hoskinson, Samuel, 132

  hospital construction projects, 5, 122, 235, 241–42, 243

  Hoyle, Russ, 228

  Hull, Cordell, 219

  Humphrey, Hubert, 90

  Hurricane Katrina, 244, 245–48, 262

  Hussein, Qusay, 2, 238n356

  Hussein, Saddam

  Aqaba pipeline proposal and, 169, 170–71, 172, 188–89, 192, 200

  Bechtel’s business relationships with, 15, 87, 124, 168, 171, 230, 233, 234, 237

  chemical weapons used by, 168, 169–70, 173, 200, 230

  CIA operations and, 80

  Iran-Iraq war and, 169–70, 172

  Osirak nuclear reactor attack and, 141

  PC2 petrochemicals complex and, 180–81

  Pollard’s intelligence information on, 180–81

  Reagan administration and, 141

  Rumsfeld’s visit to, 168–69

  seizure of Republican Palace headquarters of, 1–2

  terrorists supported by, 170

  Hussein, Uday, 1, 2, 235

  hydroelectric plant construction projects, 9, 43, 71, 233

  hydrogen bombs (H-bombs), 69–70, 149, 251

  Ickes, Harold L., 41–42, 51

  Illich, Jim, 236

  Imperial Chemical Industries, 85

  Imperial Valley, California, farms, 30, 37

  Independent (London), 99, 237

  India, 87, 94, 120–21, 123, 226, 274, 305

  Indonesia, 95–96, 123, 205, 209, 225

  Industrial Workers of the World, 40–41

  infrastructure projects, 5–6, 9, 30, 62, 63, 82, 95, 134, 135, 162, 208, 209, 216, 233–34, 235, 306–07, 304

  Institute for Policy Studies (IPS), 169, 229

  Intelligence Committee, Senate, 141, 181, 292, 301

  Interagency Contingency Operations Plan, 177–78

  Inter-American Development Bank, 112

  intercontinental ballistic MX missiles (ICBMs), 162

  InterGen, 218, 220, 225–26

  International Herald Tribune, 172

  International Monetary Fund, 112, 308

  International Bechtel Inc., 59, 76, 306

  International Telephone and Telegraph (ITT), 97, 318

  International Water, 222

  Investigative Reporting Program, University of California at Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism, 307–08

  Iran

  Bechtel’s projects in, 63, 64–65, 78, 127, 168

  Bechtel’s ties with the Shah and, 87, 121, 124

  hostage crisis in, 133, 138–39

  intelligence gathering in, 65

  Khomeini and Islamic revolution in, 168

  Mossadegh’s overthrow in, 65, 76

  oil industry in, 65, 96, 168

  Shah’s proposed restoration in, 65

  US clandestine sale by weapons to, 347–48n185

  Iran-Contra affair, 187–92, 240

  background to, 187–88

  Bechtel and, 213

  Colley’s murder in, 77, 192

  investigation of, 187, 190

  Meese’s resignation and, 191–92

  Pollard affair and, 184–85, 347n185

  Rappaport’s involvement in, 189–91

  Rumsfield’s visit with Saddam about pipeline and, 188–89

  Weinberger’s role in, 185–86, 188, 191, 213–14, 302

  Iran-Iraq war, 167–68, 169, 172, 176, 187

  Iraq

  Bechtel employees as hostages in, after US invasion, 201–02

  Bechtel’s arrival in, 5

  Bechtel’s business relationships with, 15, 124, 168, 192–94, 197

  Bechtel’s headquarters in Republican Palace in Green Zone in, 3–4, 242

  Bechtel’s projects in, 5–6, 63

  Bush’s reconstruction plans for, 5, 202, 235

  chemical weapons production facilities in, 174, 176, 180–81, 198–99, 230, 237

  CIA operations in, 80, 175

  Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) in, 238, 239–40

  depth of feeling about Israel held by, 188–89

  ISIS in, 3

  Israel’s bombing of reactor in, 141, 142, 175

  lobbying for projects in, 141, 166, 173, 189–90, 194

  PC2 petrochemicals plant in, 175–76, 180, 184, 197, 199–200, 201, 202–03

  Reagan administration and, 141–42

  Rumsfield’s visit with Saddam in, 166, 167, 168–71, 172–73

  Saddam’s use of chemical weapons in, 168, 169–70, 173, 200, 230

  Shultz’s support for Bechtel’s projects in, 166, 167, 168–73

  US financing of projects in, 198–99, 200–01

  US invasion of, 3, 201

  weapons of mass destruction of, 3, 172, 199, 228, 229

  Weinberger and weapons transfer to, 188, 198

  Iraq Petroleum Company, 62

  Iraq War, 3

  iron-ore slurry pipelines, 146

  irrigation construction projects, 235

  ISIS, 3

  Israel

  Arab boycott of trade with, 124, 125–26, 129, 146

  Bechtel’s pipeline project in Iraq and guarantee from, 188–90, 191, 192

  Bechtel’s business approach and, 148

  Bechtel’s refusal to build in, 61, 124, 125

  bombing of Iraqi reactor by, 141, 142, 175

  Connally’s proposal on borders of, 131

  depth of Iraqi feeling about, 188–89

  distrust of Bechtel by, 124–25, 189

  espionage operations against American targets by, 15

  “Free Jonathan Pollard” crusade and, 14–15

  Iran-Contra affair and, 188

  Kerry’s proposal of prisoner swap for Pollard with, 301

  nuclear test ban treaty and, 274

  Pollard’s concern about threats to existence of, 174–76, 177–78, 180, 184–85

  Pollard’s documents returned by, 182

  Pollard’s release requested by, 13, 298, 299

  Pollard’s spying for, 15, 178–82, 300

  Qaddafi in Libya and, 306

  Reagan administration and, 140–41, 142, 165, 166

  Six-Day War (1967) of, 168

  US spying on prime ministers of, 14

  US support for, 61, 168

  Weinberger’s hostility toward, 139–41, 142, 174–75, 303

  J. F. Shea Co. Inc., 30

  J. Henry Schroder Banking Corporation, 56–57

  J.P. Morgan & Company, 57, 112

  J.P. Morgan Bank, 109

  Jackson, Henry (“Scoop”), 102, 110

  Jacobson, Todd, 258

  Jamail, Dahr, 238

  Japan

  Bechtel projects in, 121, 211

  Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings in, 10, 68–69

  US foreign policy and, 83–84, 89

  Jerusalem Post, 174, 182, 301

  Jewish workers

  Justice Department charges of discrimination against, 126–27

  Saudi Arabian projects and exclusion of, 61, 124–25

  Jews

  American spy cases involving, 13, 182, 183

  Pollard affair opinions of, 13, 14, 183

  Steve Sr.’s opinions on, 124, 204

  Weinberger’s ancestry and, 117, 118, 174–75

  Johnson, Lyndon (LBJ), 80, 81, 82, 95

  Johnstone, Clint, 204

  Johnstone, Shana Bechtel, 204

  Jubail project, Saudi Arabia, 9, 122–23, 127

  Juhasz, Antonia, 201

  Kaiser, Edgar, Jr., 88

  Kaiser, Henry J., 26, 30, 41–42, 54

  Kamil, Husayn, 193

  Kapleau, Philip, 269

  Kazakhstan, 211

  Kearns, Henry, 101, 102–03

  Kearns International, 103

  Kellogg Brown & Root (KBR), 233

  Kennecott Copper Corporation, 122

&nb
sp; Kennedy, John F. (JFK), 112

  assassination of, 80–81, 82, 131, 318

  Bay of Pigs invasion and, 78

  McCone’s disagreements with, 82

  normalization of relations with Cuba and, 81

  plots against Cuba and, 78, 80

  as president, 87, 119

  proposed CIA reform by, 78

  Kennedy, Joseph P. Sr., 78

  Kennedy, Robert

  brother’s assassination and, 80–81

  plots against Cuba and, 78

  Kerry, John, 301

  Keystone Pipeline System, 9

  Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruholla, 168

  Kim Jong-il, 281

  King, Ralph, 226, 309

  Kirkpatrick, Jeane, 140

  Kissinger, Henry, 238

  Allende coup in Chile and, 97, 98–99

  as Bechtel consultant, 99, 121, 126–27, 184, 209

  Bechtel’s participation in Arab boycott of trade with Israel and, 126–27

  biotech company Theranos and, 305

  on George Shultz, 109

  Iran-Iraq war and, 172

  Nixon administration and, 110, 132

  nuclear nonproliferation and, 276, 283–84

  nuclear technology export and, 146

  Pollard affair and, 300

  Klamath River Highway, California, 25

  Klein, Aaron, 302

  Klein, Naomi, 230, 245, 246

  Klotz, Frank G., 294

  Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory, Niskayuna, New York, 294–95

  Koch brothers (Charles and David), 11, 309

  Koch, Ed, 165–66

  Koch Industries, 7

  Komes, Jerome, 85

  Kondrake, Morton, 140

  Kopf, Rick, 219–20

  Koppel, Ted, 175, 233, 234

  Korb, Lawrence, 139

  Korea, 89

  Kosovo, 306–08

  Kostikov, Valeriy, 81

  Kurtz, Howard, 150

  Kuwait

  Bechtel projects in, 62–63, 202–03, 206, 212

  Iraqi invasion of, 200, 201, 202

  oil industry in, 62, 85, 202, 242

  Kuwait Oil Company, 62

  Kwitny, Jonathan, 104

  Kyl, Jon, 281–82

  Labaton, Stephen, 311

  Labor-Management Advisory Committee, US Treasury Department, 95

  Laird, Melvin, 133

  Lando, Barry, 193

  LANS LLC, 258, 263, 270, 271, 282

  Lardner, George, 190

  La Rocque, Gene, 137

  Latin America, 64, 96, 146, 225

  Lauer, Eliot, 302

  Laughlin, Robert B., 296

  Lawrence, Ernest, 251

  Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, 154

  background of, 10–11

  founding of, 251

  layoffs at, 263–64

  LLNS, LLC, formed by Bechtel to manage, 258, 263–64, 265–66, 283, 289, 290, 294

  National Ignition Facility at, 265–66

  national laboratory system with, 157

  University of California management of, 252, 253

  Lebanon, 168

 

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