by Sally Denton
Weinberger’s enthusiasm for, at Bechtel, 130–31
Weinberger’s policy on Israel and, 139–41, 142
Weinberger’s arms sales to Saudi Arabia and, 165–66
“Real Story, The” (Bechtel), 311
Reinsch, Jim, 294
Reisner, Marc, 28, 30, 39
Republican Party, 5, 11, 240
Reykjavik Summit (1986), 278
Ribicoff, Abraham, 72
Rice, Condoleezza, 241, 244
Rice, Sister Megan, 272
Richardson, Bill, 252, 253, 254
Richmond Belt Railroad, 21
Riyadh projects, Saudi Arabia, 127, 304
Riyadh Metro, Saudi Arabia, 304
road construction projects, 5, 6, 9, 22, 25, 26, 36, 47, 61, 77, 82, 235
Rocca, Al M., 35
Rockefeller, Avery, 57
Rockefeller, John D., 86
Rockefeller, Nelson, 89
Rocky Flats nuclear weapons production facility, Colorado, 269
Rodman, John, 268
Rodriguez, Acacia, 248
Romania, 304
Romney, Mitt, 207–08
Roosevelt, Franklin D. (“FDR”), 41, 42, 68, 118
Rosenberg, Ethel, 182
Rosenberg, Julius, 182, 252
Ross, Thomas B., 78
Royal Air Force (UK), 85
Rumsfeld, Donald H., 167–73
background of, 167
Defense Policy Board with, 229
Iraqi reconstruction and, 235
as Shultz’s envoy to Saddam in Iraq, 166, 167, 168–71, 172–73, 188, 201
Russia, 9, 42–43
Bechtel’s projects in, 110
US foreign policy and, 83
Russo, Frank, 264, 293
Sagan, Carl, 164–65
St. Clair, Jeffrey, 188, 343n170
Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico, 157
San Francisco Chronicle, 235, 243
San Francisco Examiner, 41, 113
San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge, 9
Santa Fe New Mexican, 271
Santa Fe Railroad, 21, 25
ibn Saud, Abdul Aziz, King of Saudi Arabia, 58, 61, 62, 85
Saudi Arabia
Bechtel projects in, 58, 59–62, 63, 75, 76, 124, 127, 139
Bechtel workers in, 61–62
description of, 60
Jewish workers excluded from Bechtel projects in, 61, 124–25
Justice Department charges of discrimination against Jewish employees and, 126–27
oil industry in, 60–61, 62, 85, 96
Riyadh projects in, 127, 304
sale of F-15 warplanes to, 127–28
US foreign policy on, 63
Weinberger’s arms sales to, 165–66
Weinberger’s support for, 139–40
Saudi Arabian Bechtel Company, 127
Savannah (atomic-powered merchant ship), 72
Savannah River National Laboratory, South Carolina, 256
Scheer, Robert, 163
Schlesinger, Arthur M., 80, 81
Schlesinger, James, 172, 189, 281
Schlosser, Eric, 271, 272
Schmidt, Eric, 295
school construction projects, 5, 235
Schroder Banking Corporation, 56–57
Schumer, Charles Jr., 300
Scowcroft, Brent, 132, 283–84
Sears, Roebuck, 112
Seattle Weekly, 293
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), 8, 132, 211, 237
Sella, Aviem (“Avi”), 178
Semmelman, Jacques, 302
September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, 3, 228, 229, 256, 231, 272
Sequoia National Park, California, 25
Sequoia Ventures, 135, 220
Serious Texans Against Nuclear Dumping (STAND), 270
Service, Robert W., 51
sewage system projects, 4, 5, 29, 61, 225, 241, 247
SF Weekly, 236, 308, 309
Shamir, Yitzhak, 179
Sheehan, John J. (“Jack”), 229
Shepard, Paul, 268
Sheridan, Walter, 81
Sherman Antitrust Act, 126, 129
Sherwin, Martin J., 70
shipbuilding, 47–48, 50–51, 78
Shultz, George P.
background of, 111
Bechtel position of, 105, 111–14, 115, 116, 117, 119, 120, 121–22, 126–27, 129, 134–35, 138, 145–46, 147, 148, 199
biotech company Theranos and, 305
Casey’s friendship with, 132
changes at Bechtel under, 134–35
Iraq projects and, 199
Iran-Contra affair and, 352n214
Levi’s clashes with, 125–26
lobbying by, 112, 113, 130, 166, 167
Nixon Cabinet posts held by, 105, 109–11, 123, 136
nuclear nonproliferation and, 153–54
Pollard’s affair and, 15, 182
proposed sanctions against Iraq and, 193–94
Reagan’s election and, 133, 135–36, 137–38
as Reagan’s secretary of state, 105, 109, 112, 133, 135, 136, 137–38, 142–43, 144, 145, 154, 155, 157, 166, 167
Rumsfield’s visit with Saddam in Iraq and, 166, 167, 168–71, 172–73
Senate hearings on secretary of state nomination of, 145–47
Soviet Union and, 110, 163
Weinberger’s conflicts with, 114–15, 116, 130, 133, 136, 137–38, 143–44
Shultz, Helena (“Obie”) O’Brien, 111
Shultz, Margaret, 207
Simon, William, 126, 127
Simon & Schuster, 310–11
Simpson, Alan, 300
Simpson, John Lowery (“Uncle John”), 318
background of, 55–56
as chief financial officer of Bechtel, 57
government ties of, 55, 57
intelligence community and, 56–57
Steve Jr.’s advice from, 86
Steve Sr.’s partnership with, 55, 57
Singapore, 209
Six Companies
completion of Hoover Dam and, 44
eight member companies of, 29–30
formation of, 29
Hoover Dam construction by, 29, 36, 47
Hoover Dam contract and, 12, 32, 34, 38–39
lobbying against Ickes’s investigation of, 41–42
profit made by, 38–39
Steve Sr. as chief administrator of, 47
transition to defense contracts by, 47
workers hired by, 35
working conditions and, 40–41
Six-Day War (1967), 168
60 Minutes (TV program), 193, 235
Slusser, Nancy, 117
Slusser, Willis, 116, 117
Smith, Gerard C., 163
Smith, Hedrick, 114
Smith, Philip M., 309
Snodgrass, Cornelius Stribling, 76
Snowden, Edward, 14, 15, 276
Society of Professional Scientists and Engineers, 288
solar energy plants, 295
Bechtel’s investment in California for, 297
Ivanpah Valley, Mojave Desert, California, 7, 206, 296–97
US energy policy on, 155, 296, 297
Sonatrach, 101, 103
Sontag, Fred, 286
Solnit, Rebecca, 59
South Africa, 87, 95, 158
South America, 50, 87, 222
Southern California Edison, 297
Southern Pacific Railroad, 20, 21
South Korea, 10, 122, 123, 211, 225, 349n190
Soviet Union
Bechtel contracts with, 101–02
CIA and, 79, 82
Cold War arms race with, 69
Dad Bechtel’s visit to, 42–44
fall of, 203, 209
Iran and, 64–65
Kennedy and, 82
Libya and, 96
McCone’s views on, 66–67, 75, 79, 130–31, 163
Mexico and, 87
Middle East expansion of, 64
&nb
sp; Nixon’s policy on, 101–02, 110–11
nuclear weapons testing by, 69
Reagan’s policy on, 164–65
Reykjavik Summit (1986) with, 278
Shultz’s approach to, 110, 163
US aid to Afghan rebels troops from, 349n189
US defense policy and, 66–67, 75
US foreign policy on, 63, 64, 84, 85, 131
Weinberger’s policies and, 160, 163, 164
Spain, 87, 95
Sputnik satellite, 85
Stalin, Joseph, 42
Standard Oil Company, 26, 76
Standard Oil Company of California (SOCAL), 48, 50, 54, 59, 124, 155
Standard Oil Company of Venezuela, 50
Stanford Research Institute (SRI), 84–85, 100, 101, 104
Stanford University, 54, 84, 111
Starr, Kevin, 29, 291
Steele, James B., 244
Stevenson, Adlai, 70
Stevens, Joseph E., 23, 41
Stober, Dan, 254, 255
Stockton, Peter, 258–59
Stone, I. F., 50
Strategic Air Command (SAC), 66
Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (New START), 274–75, 280, 281–82, 283
Streitfeld, David, 260
subway and rapid transit systems, 9, 43, 87, 103, 208, 220–21, 304
Suez Canal, 60, 123
Suharto, 95
Sukarno, 95–96
Suleiman, Abdul, 76
Summit Bechtel Family National Scout Reserve, Mount Hope, West Virginia, 309
Sunday Herald (Glasgow, UK), 240
Survival in the Air Age (President’s Air Policy Commission), 66
Syria, 62, 63, 64, 139, 142, 168, 306
Taiwan, 123, 157, 220, 276
Tamosaitis, Walter, 293
Tapline (Trans-Arabian Pipeline), 60–61
Tarapur, India, atomic power station, 94, 120–21
Teicher, Howard, 198
telecommunication projects, 4, 96, 217, 233, 304
Teller, Edward, 70, 149, 251
Tenet, George, 300
terrorist attacks, September 11, 2001, 3, 228, 229, 256, 231, 272
Thailand, 209, 225, 304
Thelen, Marrin, Johnson & Bridges, 205
theme parks, 305
Theranos, 305
Tholan, Stuart, 215–16
Thornburgh, Richard L., 102
Three Days of the Condor (film), 182
Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station, Pennsylvania, 10, 149–50, 152
Thurmond, Strom, 79
Time (magazine), 46, 53, 85, 123, 277, 278, 284
Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS), 9
Trans-Arabian Pipeline (“Tapline”), 60–61
transit and subway systems, 9, 87, 103, 208, 220–21, 304
Trans-Turkish Motorway, 211
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty), 158
Trial Lawyers for Public Justice (TLPJ), 288
Trident submarines, 161
Trilateral Commission, 113, 224
Truman, Harry S., 51, 54, 64, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71
Tuchman, Barbara, 78, 79
Turkey, 123, 211, 306
turnkey contracts, 49
Ukraine, 10, 216
Union Carbide Corporation, 104
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). See Soviet Union
United Nations, 5, 69, 140, 234
US Agency for International Development (USAID), 232–33, 238–39, 241
US Air Force, 66, 85, 160, 162, 165, 253
US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, 163
US Army, 10, 51, 56, 160, 165, 237
US Army Corps of Engineers, 152, 295
US Bureau of Public Roads, 25
US Bureau of Reclamation, 12, 32
United States Committee for Energy Awareness, 150
US Department of Commerce, 77, 175, 176, 197, 198
US Department of Defense (DOD)
Bechtel’s contacts at, 77, 161
Bechtel officers’ moving to, 7
Bechtel projects for, 9
Carter’s energy policy and, 150
Council on Foreign Relations and, 113
criticism of management by, 162
SRI’s close alliance with, 84
Weinberger as Reagan’s secretary of defense in, 137, 139, 144, 160–63
US Department of Energy (DOE)
Bechtel projects under, 9, 10, 150, 151–52, 153, 155, 157–58, 255, 296, 318
Cold War and, 156
Davis’s appointment to, 154–55
Livermore workforce restructuring and
national laboratories and, 157, 251, 253, 256, 257, 364n290
nuclear weapons program of, 156–57
Reagan’s approach to, 150–51
US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW), 105, 116, 119
US Department of Homeland Security, 266
US Department of Justice, 125–27, 129, 191
US Department of State, 126
Bechtel officers’ moving to, 7
Bechtel’s contacts at, 77, 123
Bechtel’s participation in Arab boycott of trade with Israel and, 126–27
Bush’s reconstruction plans for Iraq and, 5
Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) program of, 215
Council on Foreign Relations and, 113
nuclear weapons dispersion and, 72
Shultz as Reagan’s secretary of state at, 133, 135, 136, 137–38, 142–43, 144, 145, 154, 155, 157, 166, 167
Shultz’s Iraq policy and, 168–71, 173
US Department of the Treasury, 119
Labor-Management Advisory Committee of, 95
Shultz as Reagan’s secretary of state at, 105, 109, 112, 133, 135, 136, 137–38, 142–43, 144, 145, 154, 155, 157, 166, 167
Steve Jr.’s position with, 95
US Energy Policy Act (1992), 218
US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 305
US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 305
US foreign policy
anti-Communist approach of, 64
Bechtel’s foreign policy at odds with, 7, 146–47
Bechtel’s influence on, 148
Bechtel’s possible involvement in Syrian coup and, 64
Carter’s administration and, 160
CIA creation and, 64
defense industry and, 83
domino theory and, 75, 87, 98, 100
Indonesian coup and, 95–96
internationalist viewpoint and, 67
investment in Middle East as part of, 63
Israel and, 131, 165
Justice Department charges of discrimination against Jewish employees and impact on, 126–27
Nixon and, 100–02
nuclear weapons and, 69
oil industry and, 64–65
Pacific Rim strategy in, 84, 89, 100
Syrian coup and, 64
Weinberger’s defense budget and, 162–63
US General Accounting Office (GAO), 52, 162, 240
US Generating Company (USGen), 218
US Interior Department, 31, 264
US Maritime Commission, 51
US Missile Defense Agency, 295
US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 206
US National Security Agency, 14, 79, 276
US Navy, 10, 51, 160, 174, 206, 295
US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), 154, 157–58
US Parole Commission, 303
US Reclamation Service, 32
US Supreme Court, 129
U.S. Steel, 87
US War Department, 51
University of California, and management Los Alamos, 251–52, 255, 265
University of California at Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism, Investigative Reporting Program, 307–08
University of California Radiation Laboratory, 251
University of Chicago, 125–26
Unruh, Vince
nt Paul, 220, 221, 226, 227
Uranium Enrichment Associates (UEA), 104
uranium enrichment facilities, 67–68, 104, 109, 113, 121, 152, 154, 156–57, 162, 258, 271, 272, 295
uranium mining projects, 23, 30, 87, 152, 156, 157
USA Today, 91, 236, 242
USSR. See Soviet Union
Utah Construction Company, 23, 30
Utah Corporation, 23
Vallette, Jim, 169
van der Zee, John, 85
Venezuela, 50, 96
venture capital, 95, 135
Vietnam, 84, 209, 236
Vietnam War
Bechtel and, 84, 236
Johnson’s policy on, 82
Kennedy’s policy on, 82
Nixon’s policy on, 95, 100
protests against, 84, 126, 267
Village Voice, 170
Viorst, Milton, 300
W. A. Bechtel Co., 22, 30, 45, 50
Walker, Charls, 130, 133
Walker, John, 347n184
Wall Street Journal, 14, 70, 181, 234, 277, 296, 310
Walsh, Lawrence E., 187, 190, 191, 214
Warren Commission, 82
Washington, DC, Metro subway system, 103
Washington Group International (WGI), 258
Washingtonian (magazine), 14
Washington Post, 103, 126, 128, 142, 147, 150, 173, 188, 190, 230, 246
Washington Star, 120
Washington Times, 306
Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), Carlsbad, New Mexico, 152, 294
water supply and treatment projects, 4, 5, 7, 30–31, 33, 209, 217, 222–23, 225, 235, 239, 241, 247, 304
Watson, Tom, 88
Wattis, E. O., 22–23, 30, 44
Wattis, W. H., 22–23, 30, 41, 44
Waxman, Henry A., 247
We Almost Lost Detroit (Fuller), 71
weapons of mass destruction
destruction of, at Pueblo, Colorado, pilot plant, 305
Iraq’s program for, 3, 172, 199, 228, 229
Weaver, Craig, 152
Weeks, Sinclair, 75
Weinberger, Caspar (“Cap”)
Arab boycott of trade with Israel and, 127, 128–29
background of, 117–18
Bechtel position of, 105, 115, 116–17, 119–20, 123, 126, 127, 128–29, 133–34, 139, 160, 176
defense policy of, 160–63
Haig’s feud with, 141, 142, 143, 144
hostility toward Israel by, 139–41, 142, 174–75, 303
Iran-Contra affair and, 185–86, 188, 191, 213–14, 302
Jewish ancestry of, 117, 118, 140, 174–75
Nixon administration and, 119
political career of, 119
Pollard’s sentencing of, 15, 183–84, 302–03
as possible secretary of state under Reagan, 133, 136, 137
Reagan’s election and, 133, 136
as Reagan’s secretary of defense, 137, 139, 144, 160–63
Saudi arms sales and, 165–66
Schultz’s conflicts with, 114–15, 116, 130, 133, 136, 137–38, 143–44
weapons transfer to Iraq and, 188, 198
Weinberger, Herman and Cerise Carpenter Hampson, 117–18