Liar, Temptress, Soldier, Spy

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by Karen Abbott

contrabands, 152–53, 180, 193–94, 243–44, 316

  debate, 23, 61, 153

  Emancipation Proclamation, 248, 305

  Great Britain and, 320–21, 358–59

  hiring out, 40

  house servants, 6, 8, 78–79, 127

  Maryland, 14, 143

  Missouri, 61

  rebellions, 6–7, 370

  Richmond Underground, 252–58

  runaways, 14, 39, 146, 152, 181, 252, 316

  spying and, 73, 180–83

  Union soldiers disguised as slaves, 180–83, 243

  Virginia, 6, 14, 26, 38, 39–40, 76

  West Virginia, 296

  See also blacks

  Slidell, John, 121, 129, 305, 323

  Smitley, C. W. D., 221–23, 234

  smoking, 16

  Soldier’s Aid Society, 390

  songs, 14

  Confederate, 5, 51, 67, 112, 222, 237, 238–40, 251, 312, 408

  Union, 122, 411

  South, xi, 23, 342

  press, 39, 46–47, 61, 96, 103, 118, 124, 158, 165, 194, 215, 218, 286, 296, 303, 328, 425

  Reconstruction, 425, 426

  songs, 5, 51, 67, 112, 222, 237, 238–40, 251, 312, 408

  See also Confederacy; Confederate army; Confederate espionage; specific states

  South Carolina, xi, 27, 33, 98, 252, 295, 305–6, 316

  Southern Literary Messenger, 280

  souvenirs, bone, 265–66, 266

  spinsterhood, 279–80

  Spotsylvania, Battle of, 368, 379

  Spotswood Hotel, Richmond, 319, 350

  sprinters, 100

  Spy, The (Cooper), 203

  Stanley, Edward George, 357

  Stanton, Edwin M., 26–27, 175, 220–21, 232, 235, 237, 238, 298, 314, 344, 349

  Starr, Belle, 422

  “Star–Spangled Banner, The,” 412

  State Department, 23

  steamships, 152, 246, 251, 306–8, 350

  Stearns, Franklin, 158, 162, 163

  Steuben Volunteers, 14

  Stevenson, John, 392–93

  Stewart, Damon, 15, 417–18

  Stewart, Fanny, 188

  Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 358–59

  Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 414

  Stringfellow, Benjamin Franklin, 179–80

  strip search, 109–10, 111

  Strother, David Hunter, 189

  Stuart, J. E. B., 54, 99, 102, 180

  Sturgis Rifles, 113

  sugar, 50, 283

  Sumter, 100

  Swasey, William M., 353, 354, 355

  “Sweet Little Man, The” (Holmes), 395

  syphilis, 89

  Taft, Horatio Nelson, 70–71

  Taft, Julia, 70–71

  “Take Me Back to My Own Sunny South,” 312

  tannic acid, 330, 343, 364, 382

  Taylor, Thomas, 389–90

  telegraph, 27, 56, 84, 156, 294

  Tennessee, xi, 61, 144, 150, 209, 286, 295, 302, 311, 313, 322

  Fort Pillow massacre, 359

  10th Maine Infantry, 202

  Texas, 313, 421

  Thirteenth Amendment, 403

  31st Virginia Militia, 54, 201

  Thompson, Franklin. See Edmondson, Emma

  tobacco, 16, 64, 143, 144, 304, 352, 407, 408

  Todd, David H., 38, 42–43

  Todd, George Rogers Clark, 41

  tokens, 342, 343

  Tremont House, Boston, 374–75

  Trent Affair, 121, 129

  Tubman, Harriet, 252

  Turner, Dick, 162

  Turner, Thomas Pratt, 162

  Twain, Mark, 402, 421

  12th Illinois Cavalry, 235

  12th Virginia Infantry, 54

  20th Michigan, 301

  21st Pennsylvania Regiment, 51

  27th North Carolina Infantry, 134

  28th Pennsylvania Regiment, 99

  Tyler, John, 216

  typhoid fever, 16, 21, 47, 120, 122, 134, 148, 195, 314

  Underground, Richmond. See Richmond Underground

  Underground Railroad (Confederate), 27, 96–103

  uniforms, 33

  Confederate, 33, 98, 98, 124, 138, 162, 164, 166, 279, 366

  inconsistency of, 33

  Union, 4, 32, 33, 270, 277

  Union, 42, 403

  flag, 9, 50, 64, 85

  songs, 122, 141

  Union army, 4, 94, 424

  Anaconda Plan, 113

  at Antietam, 247–49

  black soldiers, 305–6, 259, 410, 415

  bone souvenirs, 265–66, 266

  casualties, 185–86, 208, 213, 224, 246, 247, 270, 368

  at Chancellorsville, 293

  deserters, 58, 292, 300–301, 345, 360, 392–93, 416–18

  drills, 14, 60, 64

  at First Bull Run, 19, 22, 30, 31–36, 37, 47, 53, 57, 63, 68, 80, 266

  at Five Forks, 408

  food, 16, 61, 153–54, 243–44

  at Fredericksburg, 268–71

  at Front Royal, 202–4, 204, 205–9

  at Gettysburg, 296, 303–4, 329

  immigrant regiments, 9, 10, 14

  in Kentucky, 278–82, 289

  logistics, 122, 152

  mail carriers, 151, 214, 245, 261, 265, 269, 291

  in Martinsburg, 3–10, 49–56, 234–35

  Overland Campaign, 368, 369, 379–80

  Peninsula Campaign, 152–57, 180–86, 193–99, 210–14, 218, 232, 242

  pensions, 418–19

  photography, 247

  picket duty, 63–65, 221

  pregnant soldiers, 277–78

  prostitutes, 62–63, 92

  recruiting, 4, 12–19, 58

  at Second Bull Run, 244–46

  Seven Days Battles, 224–27

  at Seven Pines, 210–14

  Shenandoah Valley campaign, 4–10, 14, 19, 50, 58, 99, 105, 133–40, 187–92, 200–214, 218–23

  signals, 55, 68, 180, 183

  at Spotsylvania, 368, 379

  stolen weapons, 99, 102

  training, 11, 14, 60

  uniforms, 4, 32, 33, 270, 277

  Valley Campaign, 200–209, 402

  in Washington, DC, 11, 11, 12–30, 57–74, 84–95, 104–23, 151–52, 167–68, 178–80, 246–47, 402

  in the Wilderness, 368, 379

  at Williamsburg, 183–86

  winter quarters, 121–23

  women posing as soldiers in, 11–13, 13, 14–19, 32–33, 57–65, 89–95, 119–23, 151–57, 178–86, 193–99, 210–14, 224–27, 242–49, 261–82, 289–92, 299–300, 394–95, 416–19

  See also specific battles and generals

  Union espionage, 27, 45, 47, 51, 63, 156, 220–27, 286

  Belle Boyd trapped by, 221–23, 234

  children used in, 228–29

  in Confederate White House, 128–30, 233, 253, 255–56, 286–87, 293–94, 341, 380, 382, 405–6

  Emma Edmondson and, 156–57, 176–86, 193–99, 224–27, 242–49, 261–82, 289–92, 394–95, 416–19

  execution of Timothy Webster, 158–60, 176

  prison escapes, 80–82, 162–66, 227–30, 309–11, 325–26, 345–48, 365–67

  in Richmond, 42–48, 75–83, 124–30, 156–66, 193–94, 227–33, 252–58, 286–88, 309–11, 325–32, 341–48, 360–67, 380–85, 396–98, 405–12

  Richmond Underground, 252–58, 269, 286–88, 309–11, 325–32, 341–48, 360–67, 380–84, 384, 385, 396–98, 405–12, 424

  tokens, 342, 343

  Elizabeth Van Lew and, 42–48, 75–83, 124–30, 158–66, 227–33, 252–58, 283–88, 309–11, 325–32, 341–48, 360–67, 380–85, 396–98, 423–24

  See also secret service; specific spies

  Union navy, 55, 61, 113, 152, 231, 246, 306, 350, 361, 372, 375, 377

  blockade, 50, 58, 61, 73, 77, 100–101, 101, 102–3, 253, 283, 305–9, 336–37, 349–55, 356, 372, 386, 387

  Trent Affair, 121, 129

  US Colored Troops, 359

  US Commission Rel
ating to State Prisoners, 167–75

  US Sanitary Commission, 393–94

  Valley Campaign, 136–40, 200–209, 402

  Van Buren, Martin, 23

  Vanderbilt, 152

  Van Dorn, Earl, 336

  Van Lew, Annie, 79, 125, 228–29, 309, 325, 410–11, 426

  Van Lew, Eliza (mother of Elizabeth Van Lew), 39, 41, 361, 425

  Van Lew, Eliza (niece of Elizabeth Van Lew), 79, 125, 228, 410–11, 426–28

  Van Lew, Elizabeth, 36, 37, 37, 38–48, 75–83, 124, 176, 227, 283

  abolitionist views, 39–41, 78–79, 423

  Benjamin Butler and, 327–31, 343–45, 363–65, 423

  cipher of, 331, 331, 341–43, 364, 382

  death of, 428–29

  education of, 39

  fall of Richmond and, 408–12

  family flag, 412, 413

  Grant and, 407–8, 411–12, 424–29

  homespun disguise of, 346, 347, 382

  mansion of (see Church Hill mansion)

  network assembled by, 82–83

  as postmaster of Richmond, 424–26

  postwar life of, 423–27, 427, 428–29

  prison visits and escapes, 42–48, 75–76, 80–82, 162–66, 227–30, 309–11, 325–26, 345–48, 365–67

  Richmond Underground of, 252–58, 269, 286–88, 309–11, 325–32, 341–48, 360–67, 380–84, 384, 385, 396–98, 405–12, 424

  threats against, 331, 332, 348, 397

  as Union spy, 42–48, 78–83, 124–30, 158–66, 227–33, 252–58, 283–88, 309–11, 325–32, 341–48, 360–67, 380–85, 396–98, 423–24

  Van Lew, John (brother of Elizabeth Van Lew), 40, 41, 77–78, 78, 79, 124–25, 160, 228, 257, 283, 309–10, 346–48, 405, 423–24, 426

  conscription of, 327, 346, 362

  as a deserter, 346–47, 381, 385

  Van Lew, John (father of Elizabeth Van Lew), 38, 39, 40, 125

  Van Lew, Mary, 41, 77–79, 82, 83, 124, 160, 163, 228, 257, 309, 385, 396

  venereal disease, 89–90

  veterans, 416, 418–19, 422, 423

  pensions, 418–19

  Vicksburg, Mississippi, 278–79, 284, 337

  fall of, 303–4, 327, 394

  Virginia, xi, 3–10, 26, 28–56, 61, 75–83, 100–101, 122, 133, 152, 180, 261–62, 295–97, 316

  Battle of Chancellorsville, 293

  Battle of Fredericksburg, 268–71

  Battle of Front Royal, 202–4, 204, 205–9

  Battle of Williamsburg, 183–86

  First Battle of Bull Run, 19, 22, 30, 31–36, 37, 47, 53, 57, 63, 68, 80, 266

  Peninsula Campaign, 152–57, 180–86, 193–99, 210–14, 218, 232, 242

  Richmond bread riot, 283, 283, 284–88

  secession, 4, 41, 79

  Second Battle of Bull Run, 244–46

  slavery, 6, 14, 26, 38, 39–40, 76

  voting rights, xii, 425

  Wadsworth, James, 250–51

  Wakeman, Lyons, 299

  Wakeman, Sarah Rosetta, 299–300

  Walbridge, Hiram, 73–74

  Walker, Dr. Mary E., 366

  Walker, Norman S., 308–9

  War Department, 12, 43, 68, 105, 110, 257, 278–79, 286, 287, 306, 416

  Wardwell, Burnham, 255

  War of 1812, 143

  Warrenton Junction, 243, 244, 256, 262

  Washington, DC, xi, xii, 7, 11–19, 27, 50, 57, 96, 246, 257, 294, 300, 375, 402, 420, 425

  Confederate espionage in, 20–30, 35, 53, 66–74, 84–88, 96, 97, 104–18, 141–50, 166–77, 236–41, 312–19

  hospitals, 246

  prisons, 141–42, 142, 143–50, 166–77, 209, 217, 299–300, 312–15

  prostitution, 62–63

  slavery and, 23, 26

  society, 21–23, 26, 66–68, 85, 167–68

  Union army in, 11, 11, 12–30, 57–74, 84–95, 104–23, 151–52, 167–68, 178–80, 246–47, 402

  wartime conditions, 13–14, 64, 246

  Washington, George, 155

  Washington Daily News, 423

  Washington Monument, 66, 402

  Washington Star, 238

  watches, 331

  water closets, 127, 375

  Watson, Mary, 101

  Watson-Taylor, George, 357

  weapons, 51, 181

  carried by women, 8–10, 49, 51, 103, 141, 146, 153–55, 183, 216, 235

  Confederate shortage of, 99–100

  mounted guns, 181

  stolen Union guns, 99, 102

  Webb, J. C., 134

  Webster, Timothy, 156–60, 176, 178

  Weitzel, Godfrey, 423

  Welles, Gideon, 375

  West, 23

  West Point, 22, 59, 99

  West Virginia, 295–97, 378

  slavery, 296

  as Union state, 295–96

  Wharncliffe, Lord, 368–69

  wheat, 143, 144

  Wheeling, West Virginia, 295, 296

  White, R. J., 252

  White, William, 406, 407

  White House, 13, 26–27, 67

  White House Landing, 193, 213, 226

  White Oak Swamp, 227

  Whitman, Walt, xi, xiii, 121

  Wilderness, Battle of the, 368, 379

  Willard’s Hotel, 62, 71

  Williams, James, 377

  Williams, Nellie, 62

  Williamsburg, Battle of, 183–86, 417

  Wilmington, North Carolina, 100, 305, 350, 390, 397, 403

  Wilson, Henry D., 24, 35, 66, 68–69, 85, 104–5, 108, 115, 209

  Wilson, Joseph D., 370–71, 387, 388

  Winans, E. B., 418

  Winchester, Virginia, 136, 200–202, 205, 235

  Winder, Charles, 115

  Winder, John, 44–45, 45, 46, 48, 80, 115, 164–65, 217, 258, 309–11, 347–48, 361–67, 381, 384

  Winder, William, 44

  Winfield, John Q., 133

  Wisconsin, 72, 423

  Wise Artillery, 103

  women, xii–xiii, 115–16, 139, 140

  “abdominal binding,” 298

  arrest of, 106–18

  camp followers, 62–63

  education of, 7, 39, 125, 128, 414

  exposed as soldiers, 277–78

  as “fashionable spies,” 115–16

  fear of spinsterhood, 279–80

  French, 339

  memoirs of, 304, 321–22, 394–95, 404, 414

  in mourning, 21, 153–54, 294

  phrenological studies on, 179

  posing as soldiers, 11–13, 13, 14–19, 32–33, 57–65, 89–95, 119–23, 151–57, 178–86, 193–99, 210–14, 224–27, 242–49, 261–82, 261–71, 275–82, 289–92, 299–300, 394–95, 416–19

  as postmasters, 424–26

  pregnancy, 128–29, 277–78, 296, 298

  in prison, 141–50, 159, 166–77, 209, 217, 234–41, 299–300, 312–15

  as spies, see specific female spies

  suicide of, 292

  as surgeons, 366

  traditional roles, 115–16

  Women’s Relief Corps of Kilbourn, 423

  Wood, William P., 145, 146, 175, 236, 237, 238, 250–51, 299, 315, 393

  “Yankee Doodle Dandy,” 411

  “Yankee skulls,” 266, 266

  yellow fever, 43

  York River, 155, 193, 226

  Yorktown, 155, 179, 180–83

  Zouaves, 34

  ABOUT THE AUTHOR

  KAREN ABBOTT is the New York Times bestselling author of Sin in the Second City and American Rose. She is a regular contributor to Smithsonian.com, and also writes for Disunion, the New York Times series about the Civil War. A native of Philadelphia, where she worked as a journalist, she now lives with her husband and two African Grey parrots in New York City.

  Visit her online at karenabbott.net.

  Visit www.AuthorTracker.com for exclusive information on your favorite HarperCollins authors.

  ALSO BY KAREN ABBOTT

  Sin in the Second City
/>   American Rose

  BACK AD

  CREDITS

  COVER DESIGN BY LYNN BUCKLEY

  COVER PHOTOGRAPHS: © VICTORIA DAVIES / TREVILLION

  IMAGES (WOMAN); © PATRICIA TURNER / ARCANGEL IMAGES

  (TROOPS); © SHUTTERSTOCK (FLAGS AND PATTERN)

  AUTHOR PHOTOGRAPH © NICK BAROSE

  COPYRIGHT

  LIAR, TEMPTRESS, SOLDIER, SPY. Copyright © 2014 by Karen Abbott. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the nonexclusive, nontransferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse-engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins e-books.

  FIRST EDITION

  Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

  Abbott, Karen.

  Liar, temptress, soldier, spy : four women undercover in the Civil War / Karen Abbott.—First edition.

  pagescm

  ISBN 978-0-06-209289-2

  1. United States—History—Civil War, 1861–1865—Secret service. 2. Women spies—United States—Biography. 3. Women spies—Confederate States of America—Biography. 4. United States—History—Civil War, 1861–1865—Participation, Female. 5. United States—History—Civil War, 1861–1865—Women. 6. United States—History—Civil War, 1861–1865—Biography. 7. Boyd, Belle, 1844–1900. 8. Greenhow, Rose O’Neal, 1814–1864. 9. Van Lew, Elizabeth L., 1818–1900. 10. Bowser, Mary Elizabeth, approximately 1840–. I. Title.

  E608.A222014

  973.7'85—dc23

  2014013602

  EPUB Edition September 2014 ISBN 9780062092915

  1415161718OV/RRD10987654321

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