The Conquering Tide

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The Conquering Tide Page 81

by Ian W. Toll


  Lundstrom, John B., 58

  Lunga Plain, 155, 189

  Lunga Point, 25, 26, 42, 44, 49, 64, 104, 107, 132, 160, 175, 190

  Lunga River, 24, 26, 131, 142

  Lunga Roads, 44, 53, 60

  LVTs, see amtracs

  MacArthur, Douglas, 5, 7, 91, 103, 215–16, 235, 240, 420, 438, 456, 462, 514

  Admiralty Islands offensive and, 223–24

  Brisbane headquarters of, 217

  CARTWHEEL and, 224

  central Pacific offensive opposed by, 306, 313

  chain of command and, 220

  in escape from Corregidor, 216–17

  Germany-first strategy disdained by, 128–29

  Guadalcanal campaign and, 18, 20, 57, 123, 125, 126–27

  Halsey’s relationship with, 221–22

  “I shall return” declaration of, 219

  Kinkaid and, 218–19

  Marianas campaign opposed by, 439–40

  as military leader, 217

  New Britain campaign of, 239–40

  in New Guinea campaign, 441, 453–54

  New Guinea offensive and, 239

  Nimitz’s meeting with, 442–43

  in Philippines campaign, 440

  and planned Mindanao invasion, 438–39

  press and, 219

  RECKLESS and, 242

  Solomons offensive and, 16–17

  on Tarawa battle, 366

  undue credit taken by, 219–20, 232

  Mackenzie, Hugh, 99

  Madang, New Guinea, 239

  Madison, James, 253

  Mahan, Alfred Thayer, 5, 415, 417, 476

  Maikaze, 410–11

  Mainichi Shinbun, 421–22, 541

  Majuro Atoll, 398, 413, 455

  assault on, 398, 405

  as Fifth Fleet forward base, 398

  Japanese troops on, 386

  as U.S. forward supply base, 385

  Makalapa Hill, Oahu, navy and marine officers’ quarters on, 296–97

  Makigumu, 153

  Makin, Battle of, 320–21, 333, 342, 352, 361–62, 368

  Makin Atoll, 319, 325, 361, 389

  Malaita Island, xxiii, 13, 27

  malaria, 64

  Malay Peninsula:

  Japanese invasion of, xxii–xxiii

  natural resources of, 282

  Maloelap Atoll, 384

  Manchester, William, 25, 500–501, 506

  Manchuria, natural resources of, 284

  Mangrum, Dick, 71

  Manus, 242

  Marcus Island, 341

  Mare Island Navy Yard, 249–50

  Marianas campaign, 436–37, 455, 457–513

  aftermath of, 513, 514, 530–33

  Combined Chiefs’ approval of, 437, 438

  MacArthur’s opposition to, 439–40

  Nimitz’s conference on, 440

  Marianas Islands, xiv, 13, 307, 333, 400, 418, 419, 423, 514

  as bases for B-29s, 438

  geography of, 459

  “Marianas Turkey Shoot,” see Philippines Sea, Battle of the

  Marine Aircraft Group 21, 61

  Marine Aircraft Group 23, 82

  in Guadalcanal campaign, 70–71

  Marine Corps, U.S., 500

  aggressive offense doctrine of, 364, 499

  amphibious warfare experience of, 17–18, 322

  in interservice rivalries, 6, 8, 40

  Japanese fear of, 507–8

  see also specific units

  Marine Fighter Squadron 223 (VMF-223), 100, 101, 103

  in Guadalcanal campaign, 70–71

  Marpi Point, 509, 510

  Marquana Bay, Vella Lavella, 234, 235

  Marshall, George C., 5, 6, 10, 11, 16, 17, 56, 91, 92, 192, 220, 235, 312, 434, 440, 441, 514

  at Casablanca Conference, 309–11

  central Pacific offensive and, 306–7, 320

  English Channel invasion as priority of, 308

  invasion of France urged by, 95–96

  Marshall Islands, 13, 194, 325, 333, 367, 368, 389, 400, 419

  King’s deadline for invasion of, 313

  Pearl Harbor’s distance from, 385

  U.S. bases in, 402

  Marshall Islands campaign, 377

  carrier raids in, 373–74

  Martin, William I., 412

  Maryland, USS, 301, 334, 343, 347, 350, 352, 354, 390

  Mason, Charles P., 222

  Mason, Paul, 30, 38, 157

  Mason, Theodore C., 245–46, 292–93

  Masuda, Reiji, 225

  Matanikau River, 141, 156

  Maya, 228

  McCain, John S. “Slew,” 12, 14, 15, 22, 43, 57, 69–70, 76

  Guadalcanal campaign and, 102, 124–25

  McCampbell, David S., 388, 483

  McCandless, Bruce, 164

  McCawley, USS, 26, 30, 43, 49, 60

  McCormick, Robert, 87

  McCrea, John L., 56, 93, 94, 95, 143

  McIntire, Ross T., 92, 94

  McKinley, Don, 479–80

  McMorris, Charles “Soc,” 228–29, 440

  McPherson, Robert, 352, 358

  Mears, Fred, 7–8, 81, 83–84, 139

  Mediterranean, British advocacy of operation in, 309, 311

  Meiji Shrine National Athletic Games, 114

  Melanesia, Melanesians, xviii, 27

  Melbourne, Australia, 209

  1st Marine Division in, 209–10

  Melbourne Cricket Grounds, 210

  Menzies Hotel, Melbourne, 215

  Merillat, Herbert L., 24, 98, 130, 138

  Merrill, Aaron Stanton, 192, 233, 236

  Michener, James, 190–91

  Micronesia, 418

  Midway, Battle of, xiv, 7, 9, 31, 41, 51, 59, 70, 75, 82, 83, 94, 102, 110, 117, 119, 124, 147, 187, 202, 207, 225–26, 292, 301, 304, 316, 416, 419, 427, 459, 470, 493–94

  Mikawa, Gunichi, 29, 40–41, 67

  in Battle of Savo Island, 41–42, 43–51

  Mikuma, 9

  Military Academy, U.S., 5

  Mille Atoll, 368, 384, 385

  U.S. bombing of, 370

  Miller, Bob, 97

  Millican, William J., 281

  Milne Bay, New Guinea, 126, 203, 224, 239

  Minazuki, 453

  Mindanao, 454

  invasion of, 442

  planned invasion of, 439

  Mindanao Island, 446

  Minneapolis, 177, 178, 410–11, 480

  Mitchell, John, 205

  Mitchell, Ralph J., 238

  Mitscher, Marc “Pete,” 323, 383, 398, 404, 405, 436, 441, 446, 457–58, 461, 462, 463, 469, 472, 473–74, 475, 476–77, 478, 479, 487, 488–89, 490, 492–93, 494, 495

  appointed Task Force 58 commander, 383

  as Task Force 58 commander, 388–89

  in Truk raid, 410–11, 413

  “Mitscher shampoo,” 397

  Mitsubishi, 376, 423–25

  Miyazaki, Shigetoshi, 29

  Monssen, USS, 23

  Montechamp, Henri Ferdinand Auguste, 199–200

  Monterey, USS, 405

  Montgomery, Alfred E., 412, 477

  Montpelier, USS, 194, 211, 236, 501

  Moody, Fred, 50

  Moore, Charles J. “Carl,” 320, 344, 411, 435, 436, 471, 477, 500

  GALVANIC and, 318–19, 336–37

  Marshall Island campaign and, 339

  as Spruance’s chief of staff, 315

  Moore, Samuel N., 44, 48

  Moore Dry Dock Company, 248, 249

  Moosbrugger, Frederick, 233–34

  Morinda (coal steamer), xxiii

  Morison, Samuel Eliot, xiv, 178, 281

  Fletcher’s withdrawal criticized by, 58

  Morriss, Mack, 98

  Morton, Dudley W. “Mush”:

  aggressive tactics of, 262, 266, 268, 271, 277

  appointed Wahoo commander, 266–67

  in attack on Wewak harbor, 268–71

  audacious periscope use by, 268

  b
ackground of, 260

  O’Kane and, 262, 265, 267

  as Wahoo PCO, 260–62

  in Wahoo’s third patrol, 267–76

  Moulton, Doug, 198

  Mugford, 33

  Mullinnix, Henry M., 364

  Munda Point, New Georgia, 182, 221, 222

  Allied assault on, 231–32, 233

  Murmansk, Allied convoys to, 95

  Musashi, 119–20, 201, 206, 403, 405, 446, 450, 452, 455, 471

  Musashi, Miyamoto, 188, 189, 538

  Mussolini, Benito, 444

  Mustin, USS, 110, 153

  Mutsuki, 83

  Muzzim, USS, 211

  Nachi, 228–29

  Nafutan Point, 498

  Nagano, Osami, 67–68, 182, 423

  Nagasaki, atomic bombing of, 195

  Nagoya, 423–24, 425, 428

  Nagumo, Chuichi, 41, 69, 75, 419, 428, 459, 504

  in Battle of Eastern Solomons, 78–82

  in Battle of Santa Cruz Islands, 149, 154

  KA-Go counteroffensive and, 82

  Nakajima, Chikataka, 385, 456

  Namur Island, see Roi-Namur Islands

  Nanomea Island, 342

  Nassau Bay, New Guinea, 239

  National Youth Administration, 88

  Nauru Island, 319, 342, 455

  U.S. invasion of, 315

  Nautilus, USS, 321

  Naval Academy, Japanese (Etajima), 415, 429

  enlisted aircrews disdained by graduates of, 431

  Naval Academy, U.S., 5, 9

  Naval Air Transport Service (NATS), 519

  Naval General Staff (NGS), Japanese, 67–68, 119, 283, 415, 451, 452

  Naval Staff College, Japanese, 415–16

  Naval Torpedo Station, Newport, 280, 282

  Naval War College, U.S., 306

  Navy, U.S., 5, 6–7, 104

  Army Air Forces rivalry with, 324

  “brownshoes” vs. “blackshoes” in, 323–25, 373, 383, 387, 435–36

  Bureau of Aeronautics of, 301, 304, 305, 323

  Bureau of Ordnance of, 255–56, 277, 278, 279, 281–82

  FDR and, 91

  intelligence division of, 284

  interservice rivalries in, 5–9, 40, 158

  and need to integrate aviators into command structure of, 435–36

  Pacific War as primary focus of, 128

  rivalry between USAAF and, 227

  War Plans Orange and Rainbow of, 306, 436

  see also specific ships and units

  Navy, U.S., air forces of, 6–7

  “brownshoe” culture of, 323–24

  “Young Turks” in, 324, 326

  see also specific aircraft carriers and units

  Navy General Staff, Japanese, 447

  Navy Ministry, Japanese, 283

  Ndeni Island, 76, 77, 133, 134, 149

  Nelson, Horatio, 476

  Nelson, R. S., 488, 489

  Nevada, USS, 292

  New Britain Island, 13, 40, 203, 224, 267, 418

  Japanese capture of, xxi

  Japanese troop strength on, 240

  U.S. landings on, 239–40

  New Caledonia, 11, 13, 14, 23, 75, 190, 200

  New Deal, 85–86, 87, 88

  New Georgia, 182, 221, 238

  New Georgia campaign, 222, 231–32

  New Guinea, 13, 16, 157, 182, 188, 222, 267, 418, 419, 440

  “Bird’s Head” peninsula of, 454

  Japanese troops in, 224

  New Guinea campaign, 239, 346, 420, 441, 453–54

  New Hebrides, 11, 13, 14, 75, 190

  New Ireland, 13

  New Jersey, 405, 410–11

  New London, Conn., 250

  New Orleans, 177, 178, 381, 410–11

  New York Times, 97, 98, 142, 367, 535

  New Zealand, 197

  New Zealand Herald, 197

  Nggela (Florida) island group, xix, 13, 24, 27, 38, 161

  NHK (Japanese radio network), 206–7

  Nimitz, Chester W., 12, 15, 16, 60, 70, 91, 103, 107, 109, 111, 122–23, 178, 196, 198, 200, 362, 364, 373, 438, 459, 461, 472, 477, 497–98, 500, 502, 511, 513, 516, 519, 520, 521

  Aleutian strategy of, 225–26

  Argonne conference of, 125–26

  athletic prowess of, 298–99

  bureaucratic bloat as anathema to, 432–33

  central Pacific offensive and, 312–13, 317

  chain of command and, 220

  CINCPAC headquarters of, 297–98

  command style of, 384, 433

  and death of Yamamoto, 203–4

  FDR and, 297

  GALVANIC and, 325

  Ghormley relieved of command by, 143–44

  Guadalcanal campaign and, 123–24

  Guadalcanal visit of, 129–31

  interservice rivalries and, 433–34

  on Japanese evacuation of Guadalcanal, 185–86

  Kwajalein battle and, 397

  Kwajalein landings ordered by, 384

  leapfrogging strategy of, 401

  MacArthur’s meeting with, 442–43

  Makalapa Hill residence of, 296–97

  Marianas campaign and, 440

  personality of, 123, 297, 298

  Pownall relieved of command by, 383

  and raid on Truk, 403

  social role of, 299

  Solomons inspection tour of, 124–31, 143

  Spruance and, 315

  submarine warfare and, 255, 257

  Tarawa battle and, 366

  Towers and, 435

  Vandegrift’s meeting with, 129–31

  Nishizawa, Hiroyoshi, 31–32

  Nisshin Maru, 453

  Nogi, Maresuki, 417

  Nomura, Kichisaburo, 114, 515

  Nomura, Minoru, 448

  Normandy invasion, 530

  North Africa, Allied invasion of, 97, 158, 308, 328

  North American Newspaper Alliance, 98

  Northampton, USS, 110, 152, 178

  North Carolina, USS, 21, 108, 109

  Northern Amphibious Group, 333

  Noshiro, 455

  Noumea, New Caledonia, 13, 14, 15, 20, 56, 60, 61, 108, 125, 132, 143, 144, 160, 197

  Noyes, Leigh, 111

  Nukufetau Island, 342

  Oahu, 287

  Ewa Field on, 70

  see also Hawaii; Pearl Harbor

  Oakland, USS, 381, 496

  O’Bannon, USS, 162, 163, 234–35

  Obata, Hideyoshi, 513

  O’Brien, USS, 110

  O’Hare, Butch, 373–74, 375

  Bat Team tactics devised by, 374–75

  death of, 376

  Ohmae, Toshikazu, 46

  Oi, Atsushi, 283, 425

  Oite, 413

  O’Kane, Richard H., 251, 260, 261, 264, 265

  in attack on Wewak harbor, 268–71

  Morton and, 262, 265, 267

  in Wahoo’s third patrol, 267–76

  Oklahoma, USS, 289, 291–92

  Okumiya, Masatake, 238–39, 420–21, 429–30, 471

  Omori, Sentaro, 236

  106th Infantry Regiment, U.S., 399

  164th Infantry Regiment, U.S., 134

  165th Infantry Regiment, U.S., 320–21, 361

  Orange, War Plan, 306, 436

  see also central Pacific offensive

  Orote Airfield, 478, 486–87, 511, 512, 513

  Orote Peninsula, 462, 487, 513, 518

  OVERLORD, Operation, 457

  Owen, Ed, 378

  Owen Stanley mountains, 68

  oyaku-shinju (parent-child death pact), 506–7

  Oyodo, 447, 488

  Ozawa, Jisaburo, 419, 423, 427–28, 429, 447, 449, 454, 461, 469–70, 472, 474, 475, 476, 478–79, 484–85, 486, 488–89, 490, 497, 511, 514, 530, 531

  promoted to First Mobile Fleet commander, 447

  training exercises discontinued by, 449–50

  Pacific American Expeditionary Forces Station, 520

  Pacific Crucible (Toll), xiv
r />   Pacific Fleet submarines, 460

  Pacific War:

  bulldozers as weapons in, 190

  central Pacific offensive in, see central Pacific offensive

  as gold rush for Hawaii, 293–94

  Guadalcanal as decisive campaign in, 120

  initial Japanese air superiority in, xxi–xxiii

  interservice rivalries in, 5–9, 40, 227, 433–34, 437

  Japanese advances in, xxi–xxxi, 114, 119

  Japanese brutality in, 204

  Japanese motives for launching, 282

  Japanese-U.S. imbalance of technology in, 426–27

  life on rear bases of, 190–93

  morale issues in, 192–93

  overestimation of enemy losses in, 67

  as primarily naval and air campaign, xiii–xiv

  as primary focus of U.S. Navy, 128

  Pacific War, air war in, 416

  and disrepair of Japanese aircraft and airfields, 425–27

  inadequate training of Japanese pilots in, 428–32

  Japanese losses in, 419

  mismatch between Japanese and U.S. technology in, 417

  Palapao, Guadalcanal, xxviii, xxix

  Palau, 405, 418, 419, 423, 441, 449, 454, 456, 459

  Palmyra Island, 124

  Paradise of the Pacific, 293, 296

  Paria, Gulf of, 330, 331

  Parker, Ralph, 298

  Patch, Alexander, 183, 185

  Patterson, Cissy, 87

  Patterson, USS, 45, 46, 51

  Patton, George S., 445

  Pawnee, USS, 161, 165

  Pearl Harbor, 124

  ammunition-loading accident at, 458

  distance from Marshall Islands of, 385

  expanding naval facilities at, 288–89

  Japanese attack on, xiv, xxi, 7, 52, 55, 59, 117, 118–19, 142, 180, 195, 246, 253, 288, 306, 324, 419, 429, 459

  natural setting of, 287–88

  as Pacific Fleet home port, 287

  salvage operations at, 289–90

  Peck, DeWitt, 197, 198

  Peleliu Island, U.S. assault on, 8

  Pennsylvania, USS, 339

  Pensacola, USS, 177–78

  Pentagon, 89–90

  Percival, Arthur, xxiii

  PESTILENCE, Operation, see Solomons offensive

  Pétain, Philippe, 93

  Phelps, 392

  Philippine Clipper, 279

  Philippines, 235, 242, 306, 405, 454, 456

  Japanese conquest of, xxi, 7, 254–55

  Philippines campaign, 440

  Philippine Sea, as site of planned Japanese decisive fleet battle, 419

  Philippine Sea, Battle of the, 153–54, 477–97, 481, 493, 516, 530

  Phillips, John C., 374, 375, 376, 377

  Phillips, Sol, 381

  Pickett’s charge, 366

  “pidgin,” xviii

  pilot fatigue, 125, 130, 136–37, 430

  Japanese, 156, 238

  Plant, Frank W. J., 338, 340, 347, 349, 350, 356–57, 358

  Poha River, 156

  Point Cruz, 66, 155, 189

  Polhemus, Alan, 256

  Popomanaseu, Mount, xviii

  Porapora, Bougainville, 37, 38, 99

 

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