by Ian W. Toll
Lundstrom, John B., 58
Lunga Plain, 155, 189
Lunga Point, 25, 26, 42, 44, 49, 64, 104, 107, 132, 160, 175, 190
Lunga River, 24, 26, 131, 142
Lunga Roads, 44, 53, 60
LVTs, see amtracs
MacArthur, Douglas, 5, 7, 91, 103, 215–16, 235, 240, 420, 438, 456, 462, 514
Admiralty Islands offensive and, 223–24
Brisbane headquarters of, 217
CARTWHEEL and, 224
central Pacific offensive opposed by, 306, 313
chain of command and, 220
in escape from Corregidor, 216–17
Germany-first strategy disdained by, 128–29
Guadalcanal campaign and, 18, 20, 57, 123, 125, 126–27
Halsey’s relationship with, 221–22
“I shall return” declaration of, 219
Kinkaid and, 218–19
Marianas campaign opposed by, 439–40
as military leader, 217
New Britain campaign of, 239–40
in New Guinea campaign, 441, 453–54
New Guinea offensive and, 239
Nimitz’s meeting with, 442–43
in Philippines campaign, 440
and planned Mindanao invasion, 438–39
press and, 219
RECKLESS and, 242
Solomons offensive and, 16–17
on Tarawa battle, 366
undue credit taken by, 219–20, 232
Mackenzie, Hugh, 99
Madang, New Guinea, 239
Madison, James, 253
Mahan, Alfred Thayer, 5, 415, 417, 476
Maikaze, 410–11
Mainichi Shinbun, 421–22, 541
Majuro Atoll, 398, 413, 455
assault on, 398, 405
as Fifth Fleet forward base, 398
Japanese troops on, 386
as U.S. forward supply base, 385
Makalapa Hill, Oahu, navy and marine officers’ quarters on, 296–97
Makigumu, 153
Makin, Battle of, 320–21, 333, 342, 352, 361–62, 368
Makin Atoll, 319, 325, 361, 389
Malaita Island, xxiii, 13, 27
malaria, 64
Malay Peninsula:
Japanese invasion of, xxii–xxiii
natural resources of, 282
Maloelap Atoll, 384
Manchester, William, 25, 500–501, 506
Manchuria, natural resources of, 284
Mangrum, Dick, 71
Manus, 242
Marcus Island, 341
Mare Island Navy Yard, 249–50
Marianas campaign, 436–37, 455, 457–513
aftermath of, 513, 514, 530–33
Combined Chiefs’ approval of, 437, 438
MacArthur’s opposition to, 439–40
Nimitz’s conference on, 440
Marianas Islands, xiv, 13, 307, 333, 400, 418, 419, 423, 514
as bases for B-29s, 438
geography of, 459
“Marianas Turkey Shoot,” see Philippines Sea, Battle of the
Marine Aircraft Group 21, 61
Marine Aircraft Group 23, 82
in Guadalcanal campaign, 70–71
Marine Corps, U.S., 500
aggressive offense doctrine of, 364, 499
amphibious warfare experience of, 17–18, 322
in interservice rivalries, 6, 8, 40
Japanese fear of, 507–8
see also specific units
Marine Fighter Squadron 223 (VMF-223), 100, 101, 103
in Guadalcanal campaign, 70–71
Marpi Point, 509, 510
Marquana Bay, Vella Lavella, 234, 235
Marshall, George C., 5, 6, 10, 11, 16, 17, 56, 91, 92, 192, 220, 235, 312, 434, 440, 441, 514
at Casablanca Conference, 309–11
central Pacific offensive and, 306–7, 320
English Channel invasion as priority of, 308
invasion of France urged by, 95–96
Marshall Islands, 13, 194, 325, 333, 367, 368, 389, 400, 419
King’s deadline for invasion of, 313
Pearl Harbor’s distance from, 385
U.S. bases in, 402
Marshall Islands campaign, 377
carrier raids in, 373–74
Martin, William I., 412
Maryland, USS, 301, 334, 343, 347, 350, 352, 354, 390
Mason, Charles P., 222
Mason, Paul, 30, 38, 157
Mason, Theodore C., 245–46, 292–93
Masuda, Reiji, 225
Matanikau River, 141, 156
Maya, 228
McCain, John S. “Slew,” 12, 14, 15, 22, 43, 57, 69–70, 76
Guadalcanal campaign and, 102, 124–25
McCampbell, David S., 388, 483
McCandless, Bruce, 164
McCawley, USS, 26, 30, 43, 49, 60
McCormick, Robert, 87
McCrea, John L., 56, 93, 94, 95, 143
McIntire, Ross T., 92, 94
McKinley, Don, 479–80
McMorris, Charles “Soc,” 228–29, 440
McPherson, Robert, 352, 358
Mears, Fred, 7–8, 81, 83–84, 139
Mediterranean, British advocacy of operation in, 309, 311
Meiji Shrine National Athletic Games, 114
Melanesia, Melanesians, xviii, 27
Melbourne, Australia, 209
1st Marine Division in, 209–10
Melbourne Cricket Grounds, 210
Menzies Hotel, Melbourne, 215
Merillat, Herbert L., 24, 98, 130, 138
Merrill, Aaron Stanton, 192, 233, 236
Michener, James, 190–91
Micronesia, 418
Midway, Battle of, xiv, 7, 9, 31, 41, 51, 59, 70, 75, 82, 83, 94, 102, 110, 117, 119, 124, 147, 187, 202, 207, 225–26, 292, 301, 304, 316, 416, 419, 427, 459, 470, 493–94
Mikawa, Gunichi, 29, 40–41, 67
in Battle of Savo Island, 41–42, 43–51
Mikuma, 9
Military Academy, U.S., 5
Mille Atoll, 368, 384, 385
U.S. bombing of, 370
Miller, Bob, 97
Millican, William J., 281
Milne Bay, New Guinea, 126, 203, 224, 239
Minazuki, 453
Mindanao, 454
invasion of, 442
planned invasion of, 439
Mindanao Island, 446
Minneapolis, 177, 178, 410–11, 480
Mitchell, John, 205
Mitchell, Ralph J., 238
Mitscher, Marc “Pete,” 323, 383, 398, 404, 405, 436, 441, 446, 457–58, 461, 462, 463, 469, 472, 473–74, 475, 476–77, 478, 479, 487, 488–89, 490, 492–93, 494, 495
appointed Task Force 58 commander, 383
as Task Force 58 commander, 388–89
in Truk raid, 410–11, 413
“Mitscher shampoo,” 397
Mitsubishi, 376, 423–25
Miyazaki, Shigetoshi, 29
Monssen, USS, 23
Montechamp, Henri Ferdinand Auguste, 199–200
Monterey, USS, 405
Montgomery, Alfred E., 412, 477
Montpelier, USS, 194, 211, 236, 501
Moody, Fred, 50
Moore, Charles J. “Carl,” 320, 344, 411, 435, 436, 471, 477, 500
GALVANIC and, 318–19, 336–37
Marshall Island campaign and, 339
as Spruance’s chief of staff, 315
Moore, Samuel N., 44, 48
Moore Dry Dock Company, 248, 249
Moosbrugger, Frederick, 233–34
Morinda (coal steamer), xxiii
Morison, Samuel Eliot, xiv, 178, 281
Fletcher’s withdrawal criticized by, 58
Morriss, Mack, 98
Morton, Dudley W. “Mush”:
aggressive tactics of, 262, 266, 268, 271, 277
appointed Wahoo commander, 266–67
in attack on Wewak harbor, 268–71
audacious periscope use by, 268
b
ackground of, 260
O’Kane and, 262, 265, 267
as Wahoo PCO, 260–62
in Wahoo’s third patrol, 267–76
Moulton, Doug, 198
Mugford, 33
Mullinnix, Henry M., 364
Munda Point, New Georgia, 182, 221, 222
Allied assault on, 231–32, 233
Murmansk, Allied convoys to, 95
Musashi, 119–20, 201, 206, 403, 405, 446, 450, 452, 455, 471
Musashi, Miyamoto, 188, 189, 538
Mussolini, Benito, 444
Mustin, USS, 110, 153
Mutsuki, 83
Muzzim, USS, 211
Nachi, 228–29
Nafutan Point, 498
Nagano, Osami, 67–68, 182, 423
Nagasaki, atomic bombing of, 195
Nagoya, 423–24, 425, 428
Nagumo, Chuichi, 41, 69, 75, 419, 428, 459, 504
in Battle of Eastern Solomons, 78–82
in Battle of Santa Cruz Islands, 149, 154
KA-Go counteroffensive and, 82
Nakajima, Chikataka, 385, 456
Namur Island, see Roi-Namur Islands
Nanomea Island, 342
Nassau Bay, New Guinea, 239
National Youth Administration, 88
Nauru Island, 319, 342, 455
U.S. invasion of, 315
Nautilus, USS, 321
Naval Academy, Japanese (Etajima), 415, 429
enlisted aircrews disdained by graduates of, 431
Naval Academy, U.S., 5, 9
Naval Air Transport Service (NATS), 519
Naval General Staff (NGS), Japanese, 67–68, 119, 283, 415, 451, 452
Naval Staff College, Japanese, 415–16
Naval Torpedo Station, Newport, 280, 282
Naval War College, U.S., 306
Navy, U.S., 5, 6–7, 104
Army Air Forces rivalry with, 324
“brownshoes” vs. “blackshoes” in, 323–25, 373, 383, 387, 435–36
Bureau of Aeronautics of, 301, 304, 305, 323
Bureau of Ordnance of, 255–56, 277, 278, 279, 281–82
FDR and, 91
intelligence division of, 284
interservice rivalries in, 5–9, 40, 158
and need to integrate aviators into command structure of, 435–36
Pacific War as primary focus of, 128
rivalry between USAAF and, 227
War Plans Orange and Rainbow of, 306, 436
see also specific ships and units
Navy, U.S., air forces of, 6–7
“brownshoe” culture of, 323–24
“Young Turks” in, 324, 326
see also specific aircraft carriers and units
Navy General Staff, Japanese, 447
Navy Ministry, Japanese, 283
Ndeni Island, 76, 77, 133, 134, 149
Nelson, Horatio, 476
Nelson, R. S., 488, 489
Nevada, USS, 292
New Britain Island, 13, 40, 203, 224, 267, 418
Japanese capture of, xxi
Japanese troop strength on, 240
U.S. landings on, 239–40
New Caledonia, 11, 13, 14, 23, 75, 190, 200
New Deal, 85–86, 87, 88
New Georgia, 182, 221, 238
New Georgia campaign, 222, 231–32
New Guinea, 13, 16, 157, 182, 188, 222, 267, 418, 419, 440
“Bird’s Head” peninsula of, 454
Japanese troops in, 224
New Guinea campaign, 239, 346, 420, 441, 453–54
New Hebrides, 11, 13, 14, 75, 190
New Ireland, 13
New Jersey, 405, 410–11
New London, Conn., 250
New Orleans, 177, 178, 381, 410–11
New York Times, 97, 98, 142, 367, 535
New Zealand, 197
New Zealand Herald, 197
Nggela (Florida) island group, xix, 13, 24, 27, 38, 161
NHK (Japanese radio network), 206–7
Nimitz, Chester W., 12, 15, 16, 60, 70, 91, 103, 107, 109, 111, 122–23, 178, 196, 198, 200, 362, 364, 373, 438, 459, 461, 472, 477, 497–98, 500, 502, 511, 513, 516, 519, 520, 521
Aleutian strategy of, 225–26
Argonne conference of, 125–26
athletic prowess of, 298–99
bureaucratic bloat as anathema to, 432–33
central Pacific offensive and, 312–13, 317
chain of command and, 220
CINCPAC headquarters of, 297–98
command style of, 384, 433
and death of Yamamoto, 203–4
FDR and, 297
GALVANIC and, 325
Ghormley relieved of command by, 143–44
Guadalcanal campaign and, 123–24
Guadalcanal visit of, 129–31
interservice rivalries and, 433–34
on Japanese evacuation of Guadalcanal, 185–86
Kwajalein battle and, 397
Kwajalein landings ordered by, 384
leapfrogging strategy of, 401
MacArthur’s meeting with, 442–43
Makalapa Hill residence of, 296–97
Marianas campaign and, 440
personality of, 123, 297, 298
Pownall relieved of command by, 383
and raid on Truk, 403
social role of, 299
Solomons inspection tour of, 124–31, 143
Spruance and, 315
submarine warfare and, 255, 257
Tarawa battle and, 366
Towers and, 435
Vandegrift’s meeting with, 129–31
Nishizawa, Hiroyoshi, 31–32
Nisshin Maru, 453
Nogi, Maresuki, 417
Nomura, Kichisaburo, 114, 515
Nomura, Minoru, 448
Normandy invasion, 530
North Africa, Allied invasion of, 97, 158, 308, 328
North American Newspaper Alliance, 98
Northampton, USS, 110, 152, 178
North Carolina, USS, 21, 108, 109
Northern Amphibious Group, 333
Noshiro, 455
Noumea, New Caledonia, 13, 14, 15, 20, 56, 60, 61, 108, 125, 132, 143, 144, 160, 197
Noyes, Leigh, 111
Nukufetau Island, 342
Oahu, 287
Ewa Field on, 70
see also Hawaii; Pearl Harbor
Oakland, USS, 381, 496
O’Bannon, USS, 162, 163, 234–35
Obata, Hideyoshi, 513
O’Brien, USS, 110
O’Hare, Butch, 373–74, 375
Bat Team tactics devised by, 374–75
death of, 376
Ohmae, Toshikazu, 46
Oi, Atsushi, 283, 425
Oite, 413
O’Kane, Richard H., 251, 260, 261, 264, 265
in attack on Wewak harbor, 268–71
Morton and, 262, 265, 267
in Wahoo’s third patrol, 267–76
Oklahoma, USS, 289, 291–92
Okumiya, Masatake, 238–39, 420–21, 429–30, 471
Omori, Sentaro, 236
106th Infantry Regiment, U.S., 399
164th Infantry Regiment, U.S., 134
165th Infantry Regiment, U.S., 320–21, 361
Orange, War Plan, 306, 436
see also central Pacific offensive
Orote Airfield, 478, 486–87, 511, 512, 513
Orote Peninsula, 462, 487, 513, 518
OVERLORD, Operation, 457
Owen, Ed, 378
Owen Stanley mountains, 68
oyaku-shinju (parent-child death pact), 506–7
Oyodo, 447, 488
Ozawa, Jisaburo, 419, 423, 427–28, 429, 447, 449, 454, 461, 469–70, 472, 474, 475, 476, 478–79, 484–85, 486, 488–89, 490, 497, 511, 514, 530, 531
promoted to First Mobile Fleet commander, 447
training exercises discontinued by, 449–50
Pacific American Expeditionary Forces Station, 520
Pacific Crucible (Toll), xiv
Pacific War:
bulldozers as weapons in, 190
central Pacific offensive in, see central Pacific offensive
as gold rush for Hawaii, 293–94
Guadalcanal as decisive campaign in, 120
initial Japanese air superiority in, xxi–xxiii
interservice rivalries in, 5–9, 40, 227, 433–34, 437
Japanese advances in, xxi–xxxi, 114, 119
Japanese brutality in, 204
Japanese motives for launching, 282
Japanese-U.S. imbalance of technology in, 426–27
life on rear bases of, 190–93
morale issues in, 192–93
overestimation of enemy losses in, 67
as primarily naval and air campaign, xiii–xiv
as primary focus of U.S. Navy, 128
Pacific War, air war in, 416
and disrepair of Japanese aircraft and airfields, 425–27
inadequate training of Japanese pilots in, 428–32
Japanese losses in, 419
mismatch between Japanese and U.S. technology in, 417
Palapao, Guadalcanal, xxviii, xxix
Palau, 405, 418, 419, 423, 441, 449, 454, 456, 459
Palmyra Island, 124
Paradise of the Pacific, 293, 296
Paria, Gulf of, 330, 331
Parker, Ralph, 298
Patch, Alexander, 183, 185
Patterson, Cissy, 87
Patterson, USS, 45, 46, 51
Patton, George S., 445
Pawnee, USS, 161, 165
Pearl Harbor, 124
ammunition-loading accident at, 458
distance from Marshall Islands of, 385
expanding naval facilities at, 288–89
Japanese attack on, xiv, xxi, 7, 52, 55, 59, 117, 118–19, 142, 180, 195, 246, 253, 288, 306, 324, 419, 429, 459
natural setting of, 287–88
as Pacific Fleet home port, 287
salvage operations at, 289–90
Peck, DeWitt, 197, 198
Peleliu Island, U.S. assault on, 8
Pennsylvania, USS, 339
Pensacola, USS, 177–78
Pentagon, 89–90
Percival, Arthur, xxiii
PESTILENCE, Operation, see Solomons offensive
Pétain, Philippe, 93
Phelps, 392
Philippine Clipper, 279
Philippines, 235, 242, 306, 405, 454, 456
Japanese conquest of, xxi, 7, 254–55
Philippines campaign, 440
Philippine Sea, as site of planned Japanese decisive fleet battle, 419
Philippine Sea, Battle of the, 153–54, 477–97, 481, 493, 516, 530
Phillips, John C., 374, 375, 376, 377
Phillips, Sol, 381
Pickett’s charge, 366
“pidgin,” xviii
pilot fatigue, 125, 130, 136–37, 430
Japanese, 156, 238
Plant, Frank W. J., 338, 340, 347, 349, 350, 356–57, 358
Poha River, 156
Point Cruz, 66, 155, 189
Polhemus, Alan, 256
Popomanaseu, Mount, xviii
Porapora, Bougainville, 37, 38, 99