Rökk, Marika 313
Rolling Stones 352
Romania 327, 645
romanticism 290, 496
Rome 156
Rooiyard, Johannesburg 252
Roosevelt, Edith 227
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano 285–6, 287
Roosevelt, Theodore 9
Röpke, Wilhelm 306
Roppongi-zoku 378
Roscher, Wilhelm 3, 116
Rosenberg, Ethel 307
Rosenberg, Julius 307
Rosenfeld, Art 671
Rouen 124
Round about a Pound a Week 149
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 95, 100–101, 117, 230, 234, 279, 435, 677
routines 14, 87, 688 see also habits; rituals
Rowntree, Seebohm 306, 313
Royal British Legion 512
Royal Society 97
Royal Tailors 201
Royer Law (1973), France 349
rubber 225
rum 166
running water 221
Russell, Bertrand 234
Russia 122–3, 203, 276–7, 292–6, 328, 480, 535 see also Soviet Union; 1917 revolution 276; Bolsheviks 276–7; company services 535–6; consumer politics 276–7, 294–5; tea-drinking 80, 163
Russian empire 80
Ryukyu 25
safety 226
SAGA 512
Sagan, Françoise 311
Sainsbury, Alan 350
Saint-Geours, Jean 325–6
Saint-Pierre, Bernadin de 79
St Petersburg 225, 512, 558
salesmanship 69
‘Salon of Taste’, Turin 470
salt 141
salt merchants 49, 52
Salter, James 86
Salut des copains 312
Salviati family chapel 33
San Francisco 671
Sánchez, Fernando 588–9
Sandys, George 78
Sankey, Ira 608–9, 612
Santander 77
Sant’Elia, Antonia 636
Santiago, Jalisco 591
São Paulo 176, 204, 208
Sartre, Jean-Paul 307
Saßnitz 331
satin 21, 31, 51, 60, 64, 140
Saudi Arabia 590, 618
Savanarola, Girolamo 36
Save Money and Reduce Trash (SMART) 648
savings 342, 363; in America 305, 342, 418, 420, 421, 422; in Asia 11, 362–4, 372, 417, 418, 420, 421, 426, 438, 679, 681; banks 243, 362, 417, 418, 419; bonds see bonds (savings/financial); in Britain 418–19, 420, 421, 430; campaigns as trojan horse for world of goods 419; in Canada 540; channelled by banks into sub-prime mortgages 426; compulsory 371, 418; credit, spending and 417–28; in Finland 364, 418, 419, 420, 421, 679; in Germany 414–15, 422, 426, 430, 438, 679–80; global decline in 1980s and 1990s 422–3; household savings rates 362–3, 372, 417, 420, 421; lifecycle model 420–21, 422; motivations for 420–22; and nationalism 364, 415; permanent-income model 420, 421–2; and public assistance 681; save and spend model of consumption 362–4; stamps 417; ‘target’ saving 364, 419; and tax exemptions 414–15; Volkswagen saving scheme 290–91; and war 417–18, 419
Saxony 81, 88, 148
Say, Jean-Baptiste 153, 157
Scandinavia 40–41, 225, 320, 339, 426–7, 438–9, 449, 460, 531–2, 537, 541, 547, 551, 557, 679 see also individual countries; elderly people 507, 508, 510, 557; household waste 1980–2005 643
scarcity 41, 98, 185, 284; affluence and ‘increasing scarcity of time’ 460; bolstering state power 277; and consumer activists 393; economy 332; protection against 278; shaping world view 290–91, 393
scavenging 216, 382, 651
Schaffendes Volk exhibition 291–2
Schama, Simon 57, 324
Schäuble, Wolfgang 479
Schelling, Friedrich 233
Schlink, Fred 287
Schloesser, Robert 276
Schmidt-Bleek, Friedrich 665
schnapps 166
Scholes, Abner 94
School Xhosa 347–8
schools 305, 312; American in-school advertising and branded give-aways 485; in Beijing 494; clothes 497; consumer clubs in Indian schools 390; free water in 177; hygiene in 177–8, 189; Indian 391; meals 543–4; shaping tastes and leisure 543–4; and waste 648
Schor, Juliet 443–4
Schorndorf 575
Schulze, Oskar 503
Schumpeter, Joseph 119, 141
Schütte-Lihotzky, Grete 249–50
Schweppes 639
Schwitters, Kurt 636–7
science 96, 609; home
science 256
Scotland 104, 186, 475, 478, 513; Scottish Enlightenment 102
Scrivener, Christiane 552
Scuttler gangs 498
second-hand goods market 71, 145, 375, 629, 632–3, 656–7, 658–9, 660
Second World War 272, 279, 312, 504, 573; destabilizing hierarchies of class, gender and race 305; and the mutation of company services 529; and mutual dependence 573; post-war consumer boom 10, 12; post-war cultural reconstruction 351–2; production 529; and US savings bonds 418
secularism 306, 606, 607 see also materialism
security 238, 272, 307, 341, 392, 579, 614, 661; guards 313; and savings 420–22 see also savings; social see welfare; and the veil 619
Seeber, Guido, Wanderkino 212
Seibu 384
Seikosha 359
Seiyu (department store) 534
self see also identity: authentic 96, 100, 235; and body see body; cult of the self 284, 285; as a fiction (Hume) 101–2; material see material self; a pure self 101; restless 231; role of things in development of 231–5; separated from things 95–7, 230–31, 235–6; socialist 294
self-control 35, 36, 419 see also restraint
self-denial 117, 287, 306 see also restraint
self-expression 314–15, 387, 439; and finding of identity through consumption, goods and possessions 6, 104–5, 231–5, 314–15, 320, 344, 375, 484, 677, 681, 686
self-fashioning 30, 63, 94, 108, 281, 323, 498, 681
self-fulfilment/improvement 229–30, 316, 348, 411; Asian ideas of 387, 472, 473
self-help 555, 556; manuals 107–8; and Pentecostalism 614
self-identity see identity
self-realization/actualization 94, 316, 323
self-reliance 261, 680
self-respect 135, 177
self-restraint see restraint
self-service 69, 348, 349, 350–51; shops 328, 329, 330, 349 see also supermarkets
selfishness 105, 156, 297, 568, 613; and consumption 102, 156, 397, 403; and neo-liberalism 567; self-centred hedonism 5 see also hedonism; selfish culture of instant gratification 607 see also instant gratification; selfish individualism 549 see also individualism/individualization; selfish materialism 224, 273
Selfridge, Gordon 199, 201
Selfridges 193, 194, 199, 201
Seligman, E. R. 412–13
Semedo, álvaro 44
Sen, Amartya 539
Seneca 677, 678
Senegal 591
Senegambia 124, 125
Seoul 351, 384, 661
serfdom 123, 203
SERO (Kombinat für Sekundärstofferfassung) 646
servants 21, 22, 42, 43, 78, 90; Asian 48, 51, 144; dress 21, 22, 67, 68, 73–4; Elizabethan 58–9; French 68
Seventeen 312
sewage 178, 179, 180, 634
sex 304, 305, 441, 453, 454, 455; and affluence in South Korea 384; consumption and libido 320; and the elderly 501; and family planning 365; and Freudianism 284; premarital, in China 369; promiscuous 313; selling power of 196; sexual freedom 304, 325; and shopping 485; teenage 217, 311, 313, 333
Sha’arawi, Huda 202–3
Shakespeare, William 107, 499
shamanism 616
Shandong 46, 299
Shanghai 149, 178, 179, 180, 299, 374, 376–7; cholera 633; credit and debt 408; kitchens 249, 250; labourers 361, 408; municipal markets 208; as ‘Paris of the East’ 359;
pawnshops 408; wages 408; waste disposal 633–4
Sharar, Abdul Halim 137
shares 423, 428, 436, 437
Shinto 585, 615–16
shipping 23, 24–6, 84, 88, 120, 124, 168, 357, 565
Shiseido 516
shoes 38–9, 51, 58, 114, 143, 282, 293, 660; repairmen 660; sports shoes 320
Shonen Jump magazine 492
shop assistants 196, 197, 202, 281, 350, 351, 480, 486, 487, 495
shopkeepers 35, 40, 76, 141, 192
shoplifting 197, 306–7, 321
shoppers’ leagues 275, 549–50
shopping 3, 6, 190–210, 403, 456, 618 see also customer service; fair trade; and advertisers’ view of shoppers 288; in America 371; arcades 194, 198; bags 671; binges 13, 14, 681; and Chanukah 615; in China 190–91, 371; Christmas 156, 477, 529, 574; and the city 190–210; and class 350; clothes shopping by British women 674; and control of one’s life 324; as core element of public concern and policy 9; on credit 201, 328, 407, 412, 424, 429 see also credit; cultured 295; customer control 317; dehumanizing impacts of 197; Empire shopping weeks 300, 572; empowerment through 6, 203; ethical 155, 390, 567, 569 see also fair trade; in France 685; galleries 192; and gender 6, 156, 198–9, 200–201, 204, 332, 350; habits 570; in India 141, 371, 375; in inter-war Russia 276–7; as a leisure activity 93, 191, 480–82; for local/regional food 580–88; mail order 416–17, 524; as a meaningful social experience 6; and men 200–201; moral and sexual anxieties about 196, 197; in music-hall song 201; Muslim 618, 619; opening hours for 295, 332, 349, 372, 476, 477–81; for pleasure 154, 659, 678; and public space 194, 198, 207, 208; and Ramadan 618; recreational 100, 480–82; by Renaissance aristocrats 35; Renaissance suspicion of 35; retail therapy 485; rhythms 209–10; ‘sales’ 194; self-service see self-service; and sex 485; in Spain 196; ‘specials’ and over-shopping 649; from street sellers see street sellers; supermarket shopping see supermarkets; total shopping 194, 206; travel for 685; in USSR 295; virtual 481–2; and women 6, 156, 198–9, 200, 204, 332, 350
Shopping Hours Reform Council 478–9
shops see also retail trade: architecturally notable 192; Benjamin on 198; candy stores 217, 219; charge plates 412; charity 574, 624, 654, 657; Chinese 190–91; clothing shops for infants and children 486; co-operative 205–7; company shops 524–5, 528; with covered arcades 194, 198; decorating 89; department stores see department stores; discount stores 205, 221, 372, 478; displays 160, 192, 194, 202, 263, 295; English Shops Act (1911) 476; ethnic 597; fair-trade/world shops 564, 565, 566, 574–5, 576; French 351; hypermarkets 371, 618; Japanese 372; luxury shops in East Germany 334; multiplication of small shops across Europe 205; ‘national’ 300; opening hours 295, 332, 349, 372, 476, 477–81; with own cafés 330; pawnshops/pawnbrokers 71, 113, 114, 361, 406, 408, 409, 410; proliferation with urban growth 191; and public space 194, 198, 207, 208; second-hand 145, 632–3, 656; self-service 328, 329, 330, 349 see also supermarkets; Soviet 293, 295–6, 330, 334; stealing from 197, 306–7, 321; Sunday closure/restrictions 156, 476, 477–81; supermarkets see supermarkets; virtual 481–2; Western shops in the Gulf region 618
Shostakovich, Dmitri 292
Shufuren (All-Japan Housewives’ Association) 393
Sichuan, China 359
Sicilians 215
Siemans, Werner von 523
Siemens (company) 523, 526
Sierra Leone 130
Siliguri, Bengal 375
silk 23, 26, 27, 28, 29, 33, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 58, 64, 67, 83, 140; artificial 144, 299–300, 381; British export 67; and the EIC directors 70; embroidery 36, 48; French export 67; industry 32, 58, 67; London production 58; plush 60; smuggled 65; stockings 140, 293, 294, 299; trade routes 45
Silk Road 23
silkworms 64
silver 25–6, 29–30, 34, 37, 42, 45, 46, 56, 57; China and 25–6, 46, 90; jewellery 48, 140; and maté rituals 80–81; Spain and 25–6, 64; spoons 29–30, 31, 32, 34, 55, 87; tableware 29–30, 31, 32, 34, 55, 87; thread 139
Simmel, Georg 197, 211, 214
Simon, Arthur 577
Simon, Heidi 272–3
Simon, John 177
Sims, George 209
Sinatra, Nancy 352
Singapore 265, 362, 371, 379, 517–18, 552, 558; Central Provident Fund 418; forced savings 371, 418; New World amusement park 220; public housing 681
Singer, Hans 573
Singh, Gooroo Churn 145
Single European Act 559
Siwertz, Sigfrid 196
Skansen museum 231
SKF 531
skirts 21
Slater, Samuel 523
slavery/slaves 27–8, 63, 91, 122–3, 128; abolition by Britain 121, 122, 123, 125, 572; within Africa 122, 123, 125, 127, 131; African shift from trade in humans to trade in goods 129–31; anti-slavery boycotts 128, 156, 184, 559, 571–2; Ashanti 131; battle against slavery 121, 123–4, 128; as constraint of choice 132; and consumption 123; and destruction of home life 238–9; and eating of English food 170; end of domestic slavery in Africa 122; imperial flow of goods and slaves 82–3; land grants to freed slaves 163; and luxury 123; Portuguese use of 163; slave plantations 79, 91, 123, 162, 163; slavery to wants and pleasure 74, 677; slaves eating English food 170; and sugar 27–8, 79, 91, 162, 571; women slaves 132
sleeves 21, 37, 43, 69
Slow Food movement 442, 470, 580, 581, 587
slow movement 441–2, 470
slums 179, 329, 553, 554, 575
‘smart’ technologies 686
smartphones 464, 465, 482
Smiles, Samuel 419
Smith, Adam 3, 54, 100, 102–3, 104, 151, 274, 390, 611
Smolensk 546
smuggling 24, 44, 65, 91, 162, 170
Snow White (Disney film) 489
snuffboxes/snuff bottles 22, 103, 110
soap 59, 170, 178, 254, 262, 294, 315, 358; adverts 171; in Asia 359, 360, 366, 367; in East Germany 645
sociability 14, 30, 52, 87, 108, 109, 155, 191–2, 270 see also socializing; feminine 87; and politeness 108–9; socializing effect of the internet 687 see also social networking; and trade 96
social activism 154
social capital 142, 340
social citizenship 157, 278 see also citizenship, consumer
social control 7, 42–3 see also sumptuary laws
Social Democrats 159, 324
social equality 12, 13, 36–7, 100–101, 161–2, 383, 438, 681 see also inequalities
social exclusion 178, 327, 432
social gerontology 502, 503
social inclusion 135, 325, 389–90
social life 3, 155, 239, 341, 461–2, 554, 650 see also leisure; sex; of the elderly 509; of goods 4, 79; urban see cities and urban life
social metabolism 664, 668, 677
social mobility see mobility
social motivation 13
social networking 464, 465, 654
social positioning see status and social positioning
social services 12, 304, 538; company services see company services, and corporate-led consumption; of religious bodies 612
social spaces 107, 109, 674–5
social spending 12–13, 284–5, 304 see also consumer activism; welfare; and affluence 304–5, 326, 373; American 304, 305, 539–40, 541, 542; British 537, 539; Canadian 540; and the Cold War 542; and consumer durables 542; cultural 546–7; and distribution of money from richer to poorer 681; on education 148, 304, 326, 537; on energy 538; EU 537, 537, 538, 541; Finnish 539; French 537, 537, 539, 679; German 537, 539, 541; on health 148, 304, 326, 429, 537, 542; household consumption and social transfers 539; Japanese 12, 537, 539; justified by Galbraith’s The Affluent Society 304, 305; in New Zealand 537; OECD countries 12, 537, 539; on pensions 12, 542–3, 681; as percentage of GDP 326, 537, 537, 538, 539, 541; and private savings 681; by Russian state enterprises 535; Scandinavian 537, 541, 679; ‘social transfers’ 13, 243, 538, 539, 541–2, 681; South Korean 384, 539; Spanish 537; transferred to th
e private sphere in Communist China 372; on welfare 537
socialism: advertising 327; affluence and the socialist consumer culture 326–37; aspirations measured against Western watermark 327, 333, 337; and austerity 331, 337; and the Cold War see Cold War; communist see communism; Maoism; Marxism; Stalinism; consumers’ responsibility for building 295; and consumption 276–7, 295, 326–37; Crosland’s The Future of Socialism 302, 303; French socialists 552; housing under 329, 330, 331, 535; and leisure 327, 545–6; private lifestyles and socialist regimes 333, 375–6, 377; as recipe for private austerity and public squalor 331; Russian 276–7, 292–6 see also Stalinism; the socialist self 294; Soviet/socialist propaganda 293, 644; standard of living under 277, 334; view of the consumer 397; and waste 331, 644–6
socializing 53, 346, 456, 457, 459, 461, 464, 507 see also sociability; in national time-use surveys 458–9; social networking 464, 465
Society for the Deceleration of Time 441
Soconusco 79
Socrates 98
Soelami, Miss 263
solar power 325
Solzhenitsyn, Alexander 324
Sombart, Werner 174, 191, 203, 319, 416
Somerset Waste Partnership 648
Song Lin 47
Songjiang 73
souls 102, 105, 385
South Africa 158, 236, 254, 285, 590; apartheid 577; Xhosa migrating to East London 347–8
South Carolina Negro Act (1735) 63
South Korea 355, 362, 363–4, 371, 372, 379; boycotts and duties on foreign goods 385; company services and leisure 535; conspicuous consumption and the state 384–5; department stores 385; electronic waste 652; ‘excessive consumption’ 384–5, 407; K-pop 379; luxury goods 438; nationalism 385; public sports grounds 545; ratio of children to old people 518; savings 418; shamans 616; social spending 384, 539; and US bankruptcy code 418
South London Gas Consumers’ Mutual Association 183
Soviet Union 245, 246, 292–6 see also Bolsheviks; Russia; Cold War see Cold War; collapse of 535, 646, 668, 669; collectivization 277, 331–2; consumer culture and the path to self-destruction 324, 327–37; consumer durables 327; consumer goods spread, 1960s–1970s 301; consumer politics 276–7, 294–5; cultured (kul’turnost’) lifestyle 294–6; department stores 293, 295, 685; education 330, 331–2; factories 330; fashion cravings 302; furniture 327, 330; housing/the home 329, 330, 331, 335; industry 330; leisure 327, 545–6; material culture 293–6; media 329; oil 330; politics of productivity 294; radios 293, 294, 295; shops/shopping 293, 295–6, 330, 334; Stakhanovites 245, 293, 294; Stalinism see Stalinism; state subsidies 330; teenagers 330; tourism 327; ‘uninterrupted work weeks’ 475
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