Texas Rising
Page 32
NOTES
1. RANGER LIFE
1. Jo Ella Powell Exley, Frontier Blood: The Saga of the Parker Family (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2001), 42–44.
2. Lucy A. Erath, “Memoirs of Major George Bernard Erath,” Southwestern Historical Quarterly 26, no. 3 (January 1923): 207–8.
3. Ibid., 209–17.
4. Ibid., 218–26.
5. Ibid., 227–28.
6. “Robert Morris Coleman, Texas Patriot,” article on Ancestry.com, via http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~mobjackbaycolemans/g05robtmorris.htm, accessed September 1, 2014.
7. John H. Jenkins and Kenneth Kesselus, Edward Burleson: Texas Frontier Leader (Austin, Tex: Jenkins Publishing Co., 1990), 29; Malcolm D. McLean, Papers Concerning Robertson’s Colony in Texas (Arlington, Tex: The UTA Press, 1983), X:43.
8. John Henry Brown, Indian Wars and Pioneers of Texas (1880; repr., Austin, Tex: State House Press, 1988), 26; McLean, Papers, X:43–44; John Holland Jenkins, Recollections of Early Texas. The Memoirs of John Holland Jenkins (Austin, Tex.: University of Texas Press, 1958), 239–40.
9. Jenkins, Burleson, 29–30; James T. DeShields, Border Wars of Texas (1912; repr., Austin, Tex.: State House Press, 1993), 99–100.
10. Jenkins, Burleson, 29–30; Jenkins, Recollections, 21–22; McLean, Papers, X:43.
11. Jenkins, Burleson, 30–31; McLean, Papers, X:44; Erath, “Memoirs,” 228.
12. Jenkins, Recollections, 23; Coleman to Henry Rueg, July 20, 1835, in McLean, Papers, X:47, 465.
13. Erath, “Memoirs,” 228–29.
14. Jenkins, Recollections, 24–26.
15. Moses S. Hornsby audited claims of the Republic of Texas, Texas State Library, R47, F51; Jenkins, Recollections, 25–26.
2. SEEDS OF REBELLION
1. James Donovan, The Blood of Heroes: The 13-Day Struggle for the Alamo and the Sacrifice That Forged a Nation (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2012), 25–26.
2. Christopher Long, “Old Three Hundred,” Handbook of Texas Online, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/umo01, accessed September 0, 2014. Uploaded on June 15, 2010. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.
3. Noah Smithwick, The Evolution of a State/Recollections of Old Texas Days (Austin, Tex.: University of Texas Press, 1983), 1.
4. Robert M. Utley, Lone Star Justice: The First Century of the Texas Rangers (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002), 14.
5. Eugene C. Barker, Austin Papers (Austin, Tex.: University of Texas Press, 1926), I:650–51; Robert Kuykendall to Luciano Garcia, July 12, 1823, Bexar Archives; Allen G. Hatley, The Indian Wars in Stephen F. Austin’s Texas Colony, 1822–1835 (Austin, Tex.: Eakin Press, 2001), 7–9.
6. Hatley, The Indian Wars, 11–12.
7. Ibid., 13–15; Utley, Lone Star Justice, 15.
8. John Wesley Wilbarger, Indian Depredations in Texas (1889; repr., Austin, Tex.: State House Press, 1985), 204–5; Frederick Wilkins, The Legend Begins: The Texas Rangers, 1823–1845 (Austin, Tex.: State House Press, 1996), 6.
9. Hatley, The Indian Wars, 14.
10. A. J. Sowell, Rangers and Pioneers of Texas (1884; repr., Austin, Tex.: State House Press, 1991), 25; Walter Prescott Webb, The Texas Rangers: A Century of Frontier Defense (Austin, Tex.: University of Texas Press, 1991), 21.
11. Donovan, The Blood of Heroes, 15–20.
12. Ibid., 21.
13. Stephen L. Hardin, Texian Iliad. A Military History of the Texas Revolution (Austin, Tex.: University of Texas Press, 1994), 97; Donovan, The Blood of Heroes, 37–38.
14. Paul D. Lack, The Texas Revolutionary Experience. A Political and Social History, 1835–1836 (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1992), 33; Donovan, The Blood of Heroes, 39–40.
3. “COME AND TAKE IT”
1. Donovan, The Blood of Heroes, 57.
2. Hardin, Texian Illiad, 7.
3. Ibid., 8–12.
4. Donovan, The Blood of Heroes, 59–60.
5. The New Handbook of Texas, “Goliad Campaign of 1835,” 3:209–214; Hardin, Texian Iliad, 14.
6. Hardin, Texian Iliad, 26–27.
7. Smithwick, Evolution of a State, 70–73.
8. Hardin, Texian Iliad, 27; Pleasant M. Bull PD, R 141, F 233. Bull joined the volunteer army of Texas on October 7, 1835.
9. Jesus de la Teja (editor), A Revolution Remembered: The Memoirs and Selected Correspondence of Juan N. Seguín (Austin, Tex.: State House Press, 1991), 78, 134.
10. William R. Williamson, “Bowie, James,” Handbook of Texas Online, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fbo45, accessed September 5, 2014. Uploaded on June 12, 2010.
11. Donovan, The Blood of Heroes, 43–50.
4. “THE DAY WAS SOON OURS”
1. John J. Linn, Reminiscences of Fifty Yeras in Texas (New York: D&J Sadlier & Co., 1883), 112–13; Exley, Frontier Blood, 46.
2. McLean, Papers, X:47.
3. Brown, Indian Wars, 26; McLean, Papers, X:43–44.
4. Hardin, Texian Iliad, 28–29.
5. De la Teja, A Revolution Remembered, 78; Hardin, Texian Iliad, 30.
6. Smithwick, Evolution of a State, 77.
7. Hardin, Texian Iliad, 32.
8. Smithwick, Evolution of a State, 80; De la Teja, A Revolution Remembered, 78.
9. Hardin, Texian Iliad, 41–42.
10. Ingram to Royall in John Holland Jenkins, Papers of the Texas Revolution, 1835–1836 (Austin, Tex.: Presidial Press, 1973), II:#1040.
11. Hardin, Texian Iliad, 43–44.
12. Keith Guthrie, “Lipantitlan, Battle of,” Handbook of Texas Online, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/qfl03, accessed September 6, 2014. Uploaded on June 15, 2010.
13. Turner to Dimitt, November 30, 1835, in Jenkins, Papers, III:51.
5. THE RAVEN
1. Evidence of the use of the name Fort Sterling prior to the Battle of San Jacinto can be seen in some of the correspondence from Silas Parker to R. R. Royall of November 2, 1835, and Parker to the Council, December 17, 1835.
2. Joseph A. Parker AC, R 80, F 529–30; Evan W. Faulkenberry PP, R 214, F 604–5.
3. Daniel B. Friar AC, R 33, F 487–91.
4. DeShields, Border Wars of Texas, 118–23.
5. Silas Parker to Council, November 2, 1835, in Jenkins, Papers, II:303.
6. McLean, Papers Concerning Robertson’s Colony in Texas, XII:32; (Karl) Hans Peter Marius Nielsen Gammell, The Laws of Texas, 1822–1897 (Austin, Tex.: The Gammell Book Company, 1898), I:525–27.
7. Gammell, The Laws of Texas, I:928–34.
8. James L. Haley, Sam Houston (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2002), 14–15.
9. Marshall DeBruhl, Sword of San Jacinto: A Life of Sam Houston (New York: Random House, 1993), 98.
10. Haley, Sam Houston, 65–75.
11. Donovan, The Blood of Heroes, 70–71.
12. Herbert Gambrell, Anson Jones: The Last President of Texas (Austin, Tex.: 1947; repr., Austin: University of Texas Press, 1988), 53.
13. Hardin, Texian Iliad, 58.
14. Jenkins, Papers, II:287–88.
15. Ibid., II:322.
16. Ibid., Travis to Austin, II:442–43.
17. Smither to Austin, November 4, 1835, Barker, Austin Papers, III:236–38; Hardin, Texian Iliad, 59–60.
18. Hardin, Texian Iliad, 61.
19. Cleburne Huston, Deaf Smith: Incredible Texas Spy (Waco, Tex.: Texian Press, 1973), 1–2.
20. Hardin, Texian Iliad, 61–63.
21. Gammell, The Laws of Texas, I:925–26; Hardin, Texian Iliad, 58–59.
22. Gammell, The Laws of Texas, I:538–39, 924–25.
23. Ibid., II:601.
24. Daniel B. Friar AC, R 33, F 491; Stephen Jett PD, R 164, F 536–40; Calvin B. Emmons AC, R 29, F 440–45.
25. Hardin, Texian Iliad, 64–65.
26. Robert Hancock Hunter, Narrative of Robert Hancock Hunter (1936; repr., Austin, Tex.: Encino Press, 196
6), 25.
27. Hardin, Texian Iliad, 66.
28. Morris to Houston, November 29, 1835, Jenkins, Papers, III:31–32; Maverick diary, December 4, 1835.
29. Hardin, Texian Iliad, 64.
30. Donovan, The Blood of Heroes, 79.
31. Henderson Yoakum, History of Texas From Its First Settlement in 1865 to its Annexation to the United States in 1846 (1855; repr., Austin, Tex.: Steck Company, 1935), II:198–201.
32. Donovan, The Blood of Heroes, 84–86.
33. Hardin, Texian Iliad, 88–90.
34. Ibid., 90–91.
35. Herman Ehrenberg, With Milam and Fannin. Adventures of a German Boy in Texas’ Revolution (Austin, Tex.: Pemberton Press, 1968), 95–99; Donovan, The Blood of Heroes, 91–92.
6. REVOLUTIONARY RANGERS
1. Joseph A. Parker AC, R 80, F 529–30.
2. Jenkins, Papers, III:258–60.
3. Ibid., III:230; Joseph A. Parker AC, R 80, F 529–30.
4. James W. Parker AC, R 80, F 512; Loreno D. Nixon AC, R 78, F 128.
5. Edna McDonald Wylie, “The Fort Houston Settlement” (Houston, Tex.: Thesis in collection of Houston Public Library’s Clayton Genealogy Branch, August 1958), 7–9; Hulen M. Greenwood, Garrison Greenwood: Ancestors and Descendants (Houston, Tex.: Privately published, 1986), 57–61.
6. Mirabeau B. Lamar, “Journal of My Travels” (Woodson Research Center, Fondren Library, Rice University); Stephen L. Moore, Taming Texas. Captain William T. Sadler’s Lone Star Service (Austin, Tex.: State House Press, 2000), 7–24.
7. Daniel B. Friar AC, R 33, F 447–91; Stephen L. Moore, Savage Frontier: Rangers, Riflemen and Indian Wars in Texas. Vol. II: 1838–1839 (Denton: University of North Texas Press, 2006), 67–69.
8. McLean, Papers, XIII:38–40, 509; DeShields, Border Wars, 126; Muster Rolls of the Texas Revolution (Austin, Tex.: Daughters of the Republic of Texas, 1986), 128–29.
9. Smithwick, The Evolution of a State, 82.
10. DeShields, Border Wars, 167–68; Brown, Indian Wars, 89.
11. Smithwick, Evolution of a State, 83.
12. Brown, Indian Wars, 89–90.
13. Smithwick, Evolution of a State, 85–86.
14. Brown, Indian Wars, 90; DeShields, Border Wars, 171; Jenkins, Recollections, 33, 241; Smithwick, Evolution of a State, 86–87.
15. Brown, Indian Wars, 90.
7. “YOU MAY ALL GO TO HELL AND I WILL GO TO TEXAS”
1. Hardin, Texian Iliad, 98.
2. Donovan, The Blood of Heroes, 126–29.
3. Ibid., 131–32.
4. Hardin, Texian Iliad, 103; Donovan, The Blood of Heroes, 132–40.
5. José Enrique de la Peña, With Santa Anna in Texas. A Personal Narrative of the Revolution (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1975), 10–11.
6. Richard G. Santos, Santa Anna’s Campaign Against Texas, 1835–1836 (Austin, Tex.: Texian Press, 1968), 11.
7. Donovan, The Blood of Heroes, 98–99.
8. Hardin, Texian Iliad, 106–7.
9. Ibid., 109–10.
10. Bowie to Henry Smith, February 2, 1836, in Jenkins, Papers, IV:236–38; Jameson to Houston, January 18, 1836, in Jenkins, Papers, IV:58–61.
11. Jenkins, Papers, IV:185; Hardin, Texian Iliad, 117.
12. Michael A. Lofaro, “CROCKETT, DAVID,” Handbook of Texas Online, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fcr24, accessed September 11, 2014. Uploaded on June 12, 2010.
13. Hardin, Texian Iliad, 118–19; Donovan, The Blood of Heroes, 160–61.
14. Hardin, Texian Iliad, 119.
15. McLean, Papers, XIII:53–54, 338; DeShields, Border Wars, 144–45.
16. Jenkins, Papers, IV:249–50.
17. William C. Binkley, Correspondence of the Texan Revolution (New York: Appleton-Century, 1936), I:409.
18. Vicente Filisola, Memoirs for the History of the War in Texas (Austin, Tex.: Eakin Press, 1985), 157; De la Peña, With Santa Anna in Texas, 26–27.
19. Hardin, Texian Iliad, 120–21.
20. Donovan, The Blood of Heroes, 173–74.
8. “I SHALL NEVER SURRENDER OR RETREAT”
1. Donovan, The Blood of Heroes, 181–82.
2. Ibid., 191–93.
3. Travis to Ponton, February 23, 1836, in Jenkins, Papers, IV:420.
4. Donovan, The Blood of Heroes, 196–97.
5. Hardin, Texian Iliad, 127.
6. Mary Whatley Clarke, Chief Bowles and the Texas Cherokees (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1971), 62–63; Stephen L. Moore, Last Stand of the Texas Cherokees (Garland, Tex.: RAM Books, 2009), 41.
7. Travis to Public, February 24, 1836, in Jenkins, Papers, 423.
8. Donovan, The Blood of Heroes, 216–17.
9. Ibid., 218–219; Frank X. Tolbert, The Day of San Jacinto (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1959), 17–18; Walter Lord, A Time to Stand: The Epic of the Alamo as a Great National Experience (New York: Harper & Row, 1961), 119.
10. Travis to Houston, February 25, 1836, in Jenkins, Papers, IV:433.
11. Todd Hansen (editor), The Alamo Reader (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2003), 199–200; Donovan, The Blood of Heroes, 219–20.
12. Hansen, ed., The Alamo Reader: A Study in History, 236–38. The letter from Travis, with appeals written on it by Albert Martin and Smither, is in the possession of the Texas State Archives.
13. Williamson to Tumlinson, in Binkley, Official Correspondence of the Texan Revolution, II:453–54; McLean, Papers, XIII:75.
14. “A Critical Study of the Siege of the Alamo,” Southwestern Historical Quarterly 37, no. 4 (April 1934): 305–7; Lord, A Time to Stand, 125–27.
15. Fannin to Robinson, February 26, 1836, Jenkins, Papers, IV:455–56.
16. Carlos Eduardo Castañeda (translator), The Mexican Side of the Texan Revolution, 1836 (Dallas: P. L. Turner Company, 1971), Urrea’s “Diary of the Military Operations,” 215.
17. Hardin, Texian Iliad, 158–59.
18. Ibid., 160–61.
19. Travis to Convention, March 3, 1836, in Jenkins, Papers, IV:502–4.
20. DeBruhl, Sword of San Jacinto, 182–83.
21. McLean, Papers, IX:378–81, XII:60–61, 93–96, XIII:487–89; William C. Weatherred AC, R 111, F 217.
22. Hardin, Texian Iliad, 136.
23. Donovan, The Blood of Heroes, 241–43; 1870s interview with Susanna (Dickinson) Hannig, Hansen, The Alamo Reader, 45.
24. Hansen, The Alamo Reader, 247–93; Lord, A Time to Stand, 201–4; Donovan, The Blood of Heroes, 270–72.
25. Donovan, The Blood of Heroes, 272.
26. De la Peña, With Santa Anna in Texas, 44; Filisola, History of the War in Texas, II:176–77.
27. Hardin, Texian Iliad, 138.
9. THE FALL OF THE ALAMO
1. Hardin, Texian Iliad, 139.
2. Francisco Becerra (as told to John S. Ford), A Mexican Sergeant’s Recollections of the Alamo & San Jacinto (Austin, Tex.: Jenkins Publishing Company, 1980), 24–25; De la Peña, With Santa Anna in Texas, 47.
3. Hardin, Texian Iliad, 147.
4. Madame Candelaria interview in San Antonio Light, February 19, 1899; Donovan, The Blood of Heroes, 278, 442. Many historians do not subscribe to the belief of degüello music being played at the Alamo. The first to publish such an account was Reuben M. Potter in his 1878 article, “The Fall of the Alamo,” contained in Magazine of American History, 2:1–21.
5. J. M. Morphis, History of Texas, From its Discovery and Settlement (Ann Arbor: Scholarly Publishing Office, University of Michigan Library, 2006), 174–77.
6. Sowell, Rangers and Pioneers, 138–39.
7. Donovan, The Blood of Heroes, 287–88; Hardin, Texian Iliad, 148.
8. Donovan, The Blood of Heroes, 292–93.
9. Hardin, Texian Iliad, 148. Donovan, in the Blood of Heroes, pp. 446–53, makes a strong case that there is insufficient evidence to support the belief that David Crockett was among the five executed.
10. Hardin, Texian Iliad,
155.
11. Ibid., 155; Donovan, The Blood of Heroes, 294.
12. Lord, A Time to Stand, 207–8.
13. Ibid., 177–80; Donovan, The Blood of Heroes, 300–301.
14. [Robert M. Coleman], Houston Displayed, or Who Won the Battle of San Jacinto? By a Farmer in the Army (Austin, Tex.: The Brick Row Book Shop, 1964) 9; Marquis James, The Raven: A Biography of Sam Houston (Austin, Tex.: University of Texas Press, 1988), 189–90.
15. Jose Antonio Menchaca, “The Memoirs of Captain Menchaca, 1807–1836,” Contained in Jose Antonio Menchaca Reminiscences, 1807–1836, Briscoe Center for American History, The University of Texas at Austin, Section I:1–7.
16. De la Teja, A Revolution Remembered, 79, 107; Menchaca, “Memoirs,” I:7–8.
17. 1844 letter, Baker to Houston, published in Eugene C. Barker, “The San Jacinto Campaign,” Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association 4, no. 4 (April 1901): 274.
18. C. Richard King, James Clinton Neill: The Shadow Commander of the Alamo (Austin, Tex.: Eakin Press, 2002), 100–101; Wallace O. Chariton, Exploring the Alamo Legends (Plano, Tex.: Republic of Texas Press, 1992), 100; De la Teja, A Revolution Remembered, 107.
19. De la Peña, With Santa Anna in Texas, 65; Filisola, Memoirs, II:205–8, 149–52.
20. James, The Raven, 190–91; Jenkins, Papers, 5:69.
21. Jenkins, Recollections, 36–37.
22. Chariton, Exploring the Alamo Legends, 65–68; Jenkins, Papers, 5:48–53; De la Teja, A Revolution Remembered, 107.
23. Huston, Deaf Smith: Incredible Texas Spy, 53; Jenkins, Recollections, 37–38; John Milton Swisher, The Swisher Memoirs (San Antonio, Tex.: Sigmund Press, 1932), 30–31.
24. Henry Stuart Foote, Texas and the Texans (Philadelphia: Thomas, Cowperthwait & Co., 1841), 268; Horace Eggleston biographical sketch, Louis Wiltz Kemp Papers, The San Jacinto Museum of History, La Porte, Texas.
25. Jenkins, Recollections, 40.
26. Billingsley to Galveston News, published Saturday, September 19, 1857; Swisher, The Swisher Memoirs, 31–32.