(1937; expected but not received), 68
during World War II, 81 (1945), 78, 190n, 191n, 251, 273n, 278n; rumors of, for political prisoners, 271, 272, 273, 274, 280, 608
Anarchists, 30, 36, 41, 191, 409, 460, 463, 474
Anders, Wladyslaw, 77, 621
Andersen, Erik Arvid, 521–22, 551–54
Andreyashin, 163
Andreyev, Leonid N., 44, 621
Andreyushkin, Pakhomi I., 134n, 621
Anichkov, Vasily I„ 443
Anichkova, Yelizaveta Y., 443
Anti-Soviet Agitation (ASA: also KR A/Counter-Revolutionary Activity), 60, 75, 80–81, 83, 284
Antonov-Saratovsky, Vladimir P., 373n, 376, 399, 621–22
Ardamatsky, 367n, 370n
Arkadyev, Konstantin S., 452–53
army see military forces
arrests, 3-16
in foreign countries, 9, 263–64, 266
quotas for, 11, 71, 272
searches, 5-6, 7
see also denunciation; informers; interrogations
arrests, mass, 11–12, 14, 24–28, 37–60
(1918–22), 28–37, 39, 300, 302–03, 306–67 passim, 371–72, 434–35
(1929–35), 24, 25, 47–59, 437
(1936–38), 24, 25, 60, 68–76, 130, 247, 252n, 408–19, 438, 535–36, 579
(1939–41), 76–80
(1942–46), 24–25, 60, 61, 63, 77–86, 110, 142, 164, 221n, 237–51 passim, 255–56, 259–66 passim, 270–71, 441, 507, 566, 579, 602
(1947–48), 25, 86, 89–90
(1948–50), 60, 90–92, 250, 264, 566
see also nationalities and ethnic groups; religious persecution; individual groups
ASA see Anti-Soviet Agitation
Aschenbrenner, Jupp, 112n
Austria: World War II, Soviet émigrés, 85,566
Austrians (in U.S.S.R.; Schutzbündlers), 58, 608, 640
Averbakh, I. L., xii, 622
Babayev, 291n
Babich, Aleksandr, 146, 445
Babushkin, Ivan V., 6n, 622
Bakhtin, Mikhail M., 51, 622
Bakunin, Mikhail A., 132, 623
Baladin, 154
Bandera, Stepan (and “Banderovtsy”), 86,91, 519, 622
Basmachi, 38, 637
Bazhenov, Boris, 370n
Bedny, Demyan, 488, 622
Bek, 346, 347, 348, 349
Belinsky, Vissarion G., 197, 622
Belov, Viktor A. (“Emperor Mikhail”), 228–34, 607–08
Belyayev, 557
Benes, Eduard, 260n
Benois, Aleksandr N., 262, 622
Berbenyev, 163
Berdyayev, Nikolai A., 37, 130, 262, 372, 622
Berg, 364–65
Beria, Lavrenti P., 76, 145, 157, 158, 159, 189, 291, 622
Beridze, 311
Berlin: blockade, 260n, 553
World War II, 235
Bernshtein, Ans, 10, 545, 588–89
Biche, 425
Biron (Biren; Count Ernst Johann Bühren), 93–94, 622
Black Hundreds, 312, 339, 637
Black Marias see prisoner transport, Black Marias Blaginin, 115–16
blatnye/blatari see thieves Blednov, Zhora, 9
Blok, Aleksandr A., 188, 622
Blücher, Vasily K., 230, 622
Blyumkin, Yakov G., 370n, 622
Bobrishchev-Pushkin, 350
Bogdan, Fyodor, 281
Boiko, 43
Boky, Gleb I., 281, 622
Bolsheviks, 34, 49n, 129, 130, 355, 359, 361, 402, 409, 410n, 434, 641
Bonch-Bruyevich, Vladimir D., 323, 622
Bondar, 116n
Bondarenko, Pavel, 244
Bondarin, Sergei A., 210, 622
Borodko, 138–39
Borshch, 265–66
Borushko, Pavel, Ivan, and Stepan, 74
Brest-Litovsk, peace treaty of, 343, 356
Bubnov, 604
Buchenwald, 238
Budenny, Semyon M., 51, 622
Bugayenko, Natalya I., 59
Bukharin, Nikolai I., 101n, 132n, 190, 299, 358, 405, 410–19 passim, 430, 622–23
Bulgakov, Sergei N., 262, 372, 623
Bulgakov, Valentin F., 372
Bulgaria: Greek rebels turned over to U.S.S.R., 92
World War II, Soviet émigrés, 85
Bunin, Ivan A., 220, 263, 623
Bunyachenko, Sergei K., 258n, 623
Burkovsky, Boris, 8
Burnatsev, Mikhail, 244
Buryat-Mongols, 51
Butyrki (prison; Moscow), 26, 31, 125, 275, 277, 468, 489, 500, 605–07, 637
Solzhenitsyn in, 237, 239, 241–42, 248, 252n, 260, 265, 267–68, 269, 271–80, 395, 594–615
Cadets see Constitutional Democratic Party
camps, 551, 559, 563–64, 576–77, 583, 589–90
ITL (Corrective Labor Camp), 248
number of prisoners, estimate, 595
OLP (Otdelny Lagerny Punkt; Separate Camp Site), 577n
Oper (Security officers), 551, 574, 618
PFL (Identification and Screening Camp), 248–49
Special Camps, 554–55, 566
VOKhR (Militarized Guard Service), 157, 249
see also transit prisons and camps; Tsarist regime, prisons and camps
cannibalism (during famine), 183, 342, 343
Catherine II (Catherine the Great), Empress, 94, 247, 254n, 281, 433, 500
cells see prisons, cells Chaliapin, Fyodor I., 262
Charnovsky, N. F., 377, 381–82, 387, 389–90, 391, 623
Chavchavadze, Olga, 68
Chavdarov, 283, 294
Chayanov, Aleksandr V., 50
Chebotaryev, S. A., 108–09, 114, 115, 469
Chechens, 25, 84, 637
Cheka (VChK; Extraordinary Commission for Struggle Against Counterrevolution, Sabotage, and Speculation), 28, 30, 34, 36, 72, 300, 336, 617, 637
extrajudicial reprisal, 28, 300, 302, 307, 322, 326, 367, 435, 436
see also Kosyrev, F. M., trial; Revolutionary Tribunals
Chekhov, Anton Pavlovich, 46, 112, 121, 451, 581
Chekhovsky, Vladimir M., 51, 623
Chernov, Viktor M., 361, 623
Chetverukhin, 5
children and adolescents, 37–38, 87
arrests, 55, 58, 89, 90, 91, 410, 547
see also family and relatives (of prisoner); Komsomol; schools and universities
China, 251–52, 264
China (People’s Republic), 260n, 266n, 383
Chinese (in U.S.S.R.): arrests, 247
Chinese Eastern Railroad (KVZhD), 72, 156, 217, 637
Chinguli, 454–55
ChS see family and relatives (of prisoner)
Chubar, Vlas Y., 412, 623
Chulpenyev, Pavel, 110, 115, 292–93
Churchill, Sir Winston, 259–60, 553
church trials see Orthodox Church, arrests and trials civil war (Greece), 91, 92
Civil War (Spain), 86, 263
Civil War (U.S.S.R.), 29, 32–33, 39, 262, 265, 269, 300, 302–03, 326, 334, 355, 356, 360, 361, 402, 434–36, 456; see also arrests, mass (1918–22); Socialist Revolutionary Party
Code see Code of Criminal Procedure; Criminal Code
Code of Criminal Procedure (UPK), 122, 139, 140, 637
Article 93, 97n
Article 111, 123
Article 136, 65, 122
Article 139, 123
Form 206, signing of, 70, 141, 142–43
collectives, 10, 56, 57, 58, 59, 67, 75, 87–88, 639
Comintern, 72, 247, 345, 637
Committees of the Poor, 29, 55, 303, 637
Communist Party: arrests of members, 8, 68, 69, 70, 73, 78, 395, 408–19, 472, 476, 477
Constituent Assembly, 26, 30, 314, 343, 344, 356, 359, 361, 364, 474, 637
Constitutional Democratic Party (Cadets), 26, 357, 358, 475, 637
arrests, 26, 30, 31
cooperatives, 28
Central Union of Consumer Cooperati
ves, 401
see also Kady case, trial; Working Peasants Party
Cossacks, 39, 262
World War II, 259–60; with Wehrmacht units, 85, 246, 254n, 259, 262n, 263, 627
Council of People’s Commissars, 356, 638
Council of Public Figures, 401
Counter-Revolutionaries see KR/KR’s
courts see laws and judiciary Crimean Tatars, 25, 84, 253n, 638
Crimean War, 272
Criminal Code (UK), 32, 60, 122, 282–83, 290, 342, 354, 355, 363–64, 372, 436, 637
Article 6, 60–61
Article 7, Section 35, 86, 290
Article 19, 61–62, 65, 80
Article 51, 297
Article 58, 60–68, 95, 354, 372, 436, 475, 504, 560; Section 1, 60–61, 77, 79, 80, 81, 243, 266; Section 2, 62, 266; Section 3, 62; Section 4, 62–63, 266; Section 5, 63; Section 6, 63–64, 86, 221n, 247; Section 7, 64–65; Section 8, 65; Section 9, 65; Section 10, 38, 60, 65–66, 80–81, 251; Section 11, 66–67, 505; Section 12, 67; Section 13, 67, 266; Section 14, 67
Article 59, Section 3, 438
Article 69, 352
Article 71, 371
Article 82, 505
Article 92, 106
Article 95, 106
Article 109, 560
Article 162, 505
Lenin’s work on, 352–53, 354, 371
lettered articles, 64, 284
see also sentences
Czechoslovakia: World War II: Soviet émigrés, 85, 264, 566; Vlasov men aided rebels, 235, 258–59
Czechs (in U.S.S.R.): arrests, 77, 81
D., Alexander (Alexander M. Dolgun), 9, 126–27, 181n, 182n, 596, 623
Dal (Dahl), Vladimir I., 97, 287, 623
Dallin, David J., 595n
Dan (Gurvich), Fyodor I., 402, 623
Danilov, 127
Dashnaks, 38, 638
Daskal, Nikolai S., 294
Decembrists, 131–32, 238, 272, 433, 638
Russkaya Pravda, 132, 640
decrees see laws and judiciary, decrees Deich, 174
“Democratic Party,” 611
Denikin, Anton I., 263, 326, 330, 359, 402, 436, 623
denunciations, 12, 40, 53, 78, 97, 477
and Criminal Code, 67, 89, 91
informers, 40, 46, 59, 97
Derevyanko, 537
Derzhavin, Gavriil R., 295, 623
Deterding, Sir Henry, 47
Deul, 604
Diaghilev, Sergei P., 262
Dimitrov, Georgi M., 277M, 408, 623
disenfranchisement (“muzzle”), 245, 248, 291
Divnich, Yevgeny I., 145M, 602
Dmitriyev, 557
Dmitriyev, Dmitri M., 404
Dobryak, I., 286
“doctors’ case,” 92, 157, 158, 638
Donets Basin, development of, 374, 378
Donskoi, D. D., 362, 623
Dostoyevsky, Fyodor M., 214, 262–63
Crime and Punishment, 120–21
Diary of a Writer, 287–88
Doyarenko, Aleksei G., 50, 623
Doyarenko, Yevgeniya, 13–14, 34, 96
Dyakov, Boris A., 540n, 623
Dzerzhinsky, Feliks E., 97, 130, 314, 318, 320, 321, 324, 336, 370n, 371, 372, 623
arrest, 409–10, 467, 471
Dzhunkovsky, V. F., 67n
economy and economic planning, 44–46
Five-Year Plans, 58, 381, 390, 397
“gold” wave, 52–54, 98
“Mikoyan prosperity,” 423
New Economic Policy (NEP), 30, 41, 52, 337, 340, 391, 392, 639
State Planning Commission (Gosplan), 44, 63, 272, 392, 401
subversion of, and Criminal Code, 64–65
Supreme Council of the Economy (VSNKh), 43–44, 63, 392, 401, 641
see also engineers and technicians; Promparty, trial; trade unions
Edzhubova, Magdalena, 46
Ehrenburg, Ilya G., 137, 370n, 624
Eichmans, 463, 464
Elizabeth (Yelizaveta Petrovna), Empress, 432–33, 440
émigrés, 192, 262–63, 268–69, 360, 371–72
arrests: in foreign countries, by Soviet agents, 9, 263–64, 266; World War II and after, 63, 84–85, 238, 262–66 passim, 566, 602
and Criminal Code, 63
Foreign Delegation of the Mensheviks, 405, 406
Promparty, trial, 384, 385, 394
Spanish Civil War, 263
World War II: with Resistance, 263; with Wehrmacht units, 254n, 257n; see also arrests above
engineers and technicians, 43–44, 197, 390, 391, 392
arrests and trials, 31, 44–49 passim, 73, 197–98, 227, 372
see also Glavtop (Main Fuels Committee), trial; intelligentsia; Promparty, trial; Shakhty case, trial
Epstein, Julius, 85n
Esperantists, persecution of, 59
espionage, 608–09
and Criminal Code, 63–64, 247
mass arrests, 72, 90, 247, 371–72
PSh (Suspicion of Espionage), 64, 284
SVPSh (Contacts Leading to Suspicion of Espionage), 64, 284
World War II, German recruitment of Soviet prisoners of war, 220, 221–22, 246–47, 247–48, 260, 261
Estonia/Estonians, 213–14, 384
arrests and trials, 25, 62, 77, 78, 91, 289–90
World War II, with Wehrmacht units, 253n, 262n
ethnic groups see nationalities and ethnic groups
Etinger, Y. G., 157–58, 624
Faitelevich, 441
family and relatives (of prisoner [ChSJ], 6, 12, 58, 106, 226, 284, 460, 480, 549–50, 567–68
arrests, 8, 39, 40, 72, 73, 77, 91
correspondence, 6, 460, 480, 481, 514–15, 549–50
exile, 33, 85, 264
food parcels, 6, 114, 195–96, 214, 280, 452, 469, 479, 546, 606
famine (1920s), 334, 342, 343, 344
and Orthodox Church, 343–47 passim, 351
State Commission for Famine Relief (Pomgol), 34, 344, 345, 346, 347, 351, 638
famine (1930s), 55, 198
Famine Organizers, trial, 47–48
farming see agriculture
Fastenko, Anatoly I., 190–96, 201, 202, 205, 206, 216, 223, 226, 227, 229, 233
Fedotov, A. A., 375, 377, 380, 381, 382, 389, 391, 393, 394, 397, 624
Feldman, 441
Figner, Vera N., 457, 458, 624
Filonenko, Maksimilian M., 357, 624
Finnish War, 77, 243
Firguf, 325n
The First Circle, 157, 590
Five-Year Plans see economy and economic planning, Five-Year Plans
Florya, Father Fyodor, 576
“Four-sixths” law, 58, 88–89
France, Anatole, 267
France, 192, 272, 383–84
Soviet émigrés, 43, 263
World War II, Resistance, 257n, 263
Frank, Semyon L., 372, 624
Free Philosophic Society, 59
“Fundamental Principles of Criminal Prosecution of the U.S.S.R.,” 291
Fyodor Ivanovich, 232, 624
Fyodorov, 153
Fyodorov, 329–30
Gaaz, Fyodor P. (Friedrich Joseph Haas), 208n, 624
Gamarnik, Yan B., 411, 624
Gammerov, Boris, 235–36, 611–12, 613, 614
Gandal, Berta, 98
Garin, N. (Nikolai G. Mikhailovsky), 46, 624
Gartman, 41
Gavrilov, 545
Gendelman-Grabovsky, Mikhail Y., 359, 365
Geraska, 441, 453
Germans (in U.S.S.R.): arrests, 78
Germany, 36n, 59, 174
Gestapo compared to MGB, 145n
Jews, persecution of, 55, 174
World War I, 219n, 242, 343, 356–57
World War II, 80, 81–82, 263, 518; German prisoners of war, 84, 584, 602; prisoner of war camps, 218–19, 239, 243, 245–46, 248, 256; Soviet émigrés, 85, 566; Soviet prisoners of war as police (Polizei), 142, 218, 245, 246, 640; Soviet
prisoners of war as spies, 220, 221–22, 246–47, 247–48, 260, 261; Soviet prisoners of war as work force, 238, 245, 246, 258; Soviet prisoners of war with partisans, 244–45, 261; war criminals, 84, 175, 176–77; see also World War II, anti-Soviet fighting forces with Wehrmacht
Gernet, Mikhail N., 301n, 466n, 624
Gil-Blazhevich (Rodionov), V. V., 254n, 257n
Ginzburg, Abram M., 403–04
Ginzburg, Yevgeniya S.: Journey into the Whirlwind, xii, 99n, 480, 481, 482, 567, 624
Gippius, Zinaida N., 263, 624
Glavtop (Main Fuels Committee): trial, 97, 334–35, 388
Godelyuk, 316–17, 318
Goldman, 107, 170, 171
“gold” wave, 52–54, 98
Golikov, Filipp I., 240n, 624
Golitsyn, Vsevolod P., 445
Golyakov, Ivan T., 172, 624
Gorky, Maxim (Aleksei M. Peshkov), xii, 194, 223, 241, 512n, 560, 624
and Korolenko, 34, 36n
and Lenin, 31–32, 328
Gorokhovets: army camps, 110, 163
Gosplan see State Planning Commission
Gots, Abram R., 361, 624
Gotye (Gautier), Yuri V., 51
Govorov, Leonid A., 252n, 624
GPU (State Political Administration), 36, 37, 68, 336, 638
Grabishchenko, Nikolai, 146, 154
Grachev, Misha, 580
Granat Encyclopedia, 204, 410n
Granovsky, Bishop Antonin, 345
Great Britain, 272, 287, 288, 384
World War II, 242; British prisoners of war, 219, 243; repatriation of Soviets, 85, 249, 259–60; Yalta Conference, 185, 259
Greece: civil war, 91, 92
Greeks (in U.S.S.R.): arrests, 91–92
Griboyedov, Aleksandr S., 132, 624
Grigorenko, Pyotr G., 240n, 624
Grigoryev, Iosif F., 14, 625
Grin, 311, 313
Grin (Grinovsky), Aleksandr S., 533, 625
Grinevitsky, Ignati I., 132, 625
Groman, Vladimir G., 49, 401, 407, 625
Gromyko, Andrei A., 552–53, 625
Gubaidulin, 427n
Gugel, 313
Guiding Principles of the Criminal Law of the R.S.F.S.R., 301
Gul (Goul), Roman F., 156n, 625
Gumilyev, Nikolai S., 95, 515, 625
Gurovich, S. Y., 350, 351
Gvozdev, Kuzma A., 401n
Haas, Friedrich-Joseph see Gaaz, Fyodor P.
Hammurabi, Code of, 65
Hauke, Maximilian, 36n
Haw Haw, Lord (William Joyce), 242
Herzen, Aleksandr I., 287, 625
Hitler, Adolf, 55, 59, 258, 399
“Hiwi,” 246, 638
Hungarians: arrests, 86
Hungary: uprising, 260n
Ignatovsky, 289, 441
Ikov, V. K., 400–01
Ilin, 149n
Ilin, Fyodor F. see Raskolnikov (Ilin)
Ilin, Ivan A., 372, 625
Ilin, Mikhail A. see Osorgin (Ilin)
Ilin, Viktor N., 149n, 155
The Gulag Archipelago, Volume 1 Page 74