Otsep, 377
Ovsyannikov, 169–70
Palchinskaya, Nina A., 6, 74
Palchinsky, Pyotr A., 6, 44, 74, 200, 374–75, 395, 409, 630
Palen (Pahlen), Pyotr A., 37
Pannwitz, Helmuth von, 263
paradise islands see prisoners, special-assignment work passports, internal, 11, 39, 54, 82
Pasternak, Boris L., 614, 630
Paul I, Tsar, 433
Paulus, Friedrich von, 210
Pavel, 580
Pavel, Andrei, 11, 12
Pavlova, Anna P., 262
PD (Criminal Activity), 284
peasants, 30, 33, 55–56, 57–58, 302–03, 360
Committees of the Poor, 29, 55, 303, 637
intensivniki, 420
podkulachniks, 56–57
“Siberian Peasants’ Union,” trial, 33
see also agriculture; collectives; famine; kulaks; Working Peasants Party
Perel, 73
Peresvetov, R., 133
Perkhurov, Aleksandr P., 367, 630
Peshekhonov, Aleksei V., 372, 630
Peshkova-Vinaver, Yekaterina P., 41, 59, 227, 630
Pestel, Pavel I., 132, 630
Peter I (Peter the Great), 28, 54, 93, 432
Peter and Paul Fortress, 34, 275n, 479
Peters, Yakov K., 314, 318, 321, 630
Petrograd see Leningrad
Petunin, 401
PFL (Identification and Screening Camp), 248–49
Pilnyak (Vogau), Boris A., 215, 630
Pintsov, Rudolf, 126
Platonov, Sergei F., 51, 630
Plekhanov, Georgi V., 39, 194, 630
Pletnev, Dmitri D., 60n, 630
Pobedonostsev, Konstantin P., 310, 631
Podbelsky, Yuri, 463n
Podgaisky, 312–13
podkulachniks, 56–57
Poincare, Raymond, 47, 385
Pokhilko, 151n
Pokrovsky, Viktor P., 443
Poland, 41, 260n, 384
World War II, 254n, 257n;
Polish prisoners of war, 86, 219
Poles (in U.S.S.R.): arrests, 77, 81
Political Red Cross, 40–41, 227, 332, 468
polutsvetnye (“bitches” or “half-breeds”), 559, 580–81, 619
Pomgol see State Commission for Famine Relief
Ponomaryev, 609
Popkov, 164
Popov, Blagoi S., 247n
Popular Socialist Party, 30, 640
Postyshev, Pavel P., 412, 631
Potapov, Seryezha, 125n, 580
Prague: World War II, 235, 258–59
Pravda, 336, 367, 369, 374n, 463
prisoners: “beavers,” 507, 546
body searches, 481, 533, 569, 570
case files, 514, 533, 559, 560, 561, 562
clothing, 515, 542, 569, 583, 598
communication, clandestine, 189, 205, 215, 280, 461, 481
correspondence, 6, 460, 480, 481, 514–15, 549–50
commissary, 114, 457, 460, 480
under death sentence, 444–55
exercise, 204, 211–13, 275n, 460, 466, 474, 478, 480, 601
food and drink, 53, 93, 98, 110, 111, 113, 114–15, 182, 204, 206–07, 224–25, 452, 457, 479, 494–96, 498, 509, 510, 511, 533, 536, 538, 540, 541, 556, 564, 571–72, 576, 577, 578, 581, 583, 584, 607
food parcels, 6, 114, 195–96, 214, 280, 452, 469, 479, 546, 606
general-assignment work, 514, 556, 564, 619
hunger strikes, 464–74
illness and disease, 34n, 114, 125, 207–08, 446, 453, 479, 482, 535, 536, 564, 579, 585
number of, estimate, 595
personal possessions, 460, 465, 481, 492, 502, 503, 506, 507, 508, 510, 511, 515, 529, 544, 546, 569, 570, 584
petitions, 208–09, 446, 483
reading matter, 214—16, 457, 458, 460, 465, 468, 474, 477, 482, 484, 601
registration cards, 589–90
rights, 140, 141, 207, 208–09, 460
sanitary facilities, 125, 183, 203–05, 210, 225, 274, 280, 496–98, 527, 533, 540–41, 542, 569, 578, 579, 597, 601
special-assignment work (paradise islands; sharashka), 556, 563, 588, 590, 596, 598, 604, 640
stool pigeons, 128, 153, 185, 186, 448, 574, 618
“suckers,” 497–98, 505, 515, 571, 619
see also amnesty; arrests; camps; family and relatives (of prisoner); interrogations; prisoner transport; prisons; sentences; thieves; transit prisons and camps
prisoners, nonpolitical, 65, 86–89, 250–51, 499–500, 619
short-term sentences, 288n-289n, 560
terms switched or sold, 560, 561
as trusties, 536, 543–45, 559–60, 570, 580–81, 619–20
World War II, release for military service, 81
see also amnesty; thieves
prisoners of war, 242, 249–50
and Criminal Code, 61, 245
Finnish War, 77, 243
and Hague Convention, 219
surrender forbidden by military statutes, 61, 77, 239, 243
World War I, 219n, 242
prisoners of war (World War II):
British, 219, 243
German, 84, 584, 602
in German camps, 218–19, 239, 243, 245–46, 248, 256
Japanese, 84
Norwegian, 219
Polish, 86, 219
Soviet, 218, 219; arrests after return, 25, 81, 82–83, 142, 164, 221n, 237–51 passim, 255–56, 259–60, 260–61, 602; as fighting force with Resistance and partisans, 244–45, 261; as police (Polizei), 142, 218, 245, 246, 640; repatriation by Allies, 82n, 249, 259–60; as spies for Wehrmacht, 220, 221–22, 246–47, 247–48, 260, 261; as work force, 82n-83n, 238, 245, 246, 258; see also World War II, anti-Soviet fighting forces with Wehrmacht
Yugoslav, 219
prisoner transport, 489–532, 565–87
Black Marias, 42, 160, 489, 525, 527–32
boats and barges, 32, 435, 499, 535, 565, 577–82
carts, 491, 563, 583
convoy guards, 64, 490, 491, 494–98 passim, 506–15 passim, 523, 533, 567–75 passim, 579, 580, 584, 585, 586; on special convoy, 16, 588, 589, 590–91
food and drink, 494–96, 498, 509, 510, 511, 571–72, 576, 578, 579, 581, 584
on foot, 491, 525, 527–28, 565, 567, 576, 578, 583–86
loading and unloading of prisoners, 490, 524–27, 567–70
police dogs, 568, 575, 576, 584, 585
railroad cars (vagonzak): red cattle cars, 489, 559, 565–67, 568, 570–74, 584, 585; Stolypin cars, 490–94, 501, 513, 521, 566, 641
sanitary facilities, 496–98, 527, 578, 579
thieves, 492, 498–99, 501–08 passim, 515–16, 529–30, 570–71, 572, 573, 575, 579–80
Tsarist regime, 495n, 499–500
women, 38, 491, 494, 498, 499, 521, 530, 584
prisons, 457–83
cells, 68, 444–45, 457, 478, 479–80, 480–81, 533, 534–35, 537–38, 597–98, 606; interrogation, 98, 99, 100, 113–14, 179–89, 606; KPZ (Cell for Preliminary Detention), 9, 124–25, 180; punishment cells, 98, 99, 100, 113–14, 182, 481–82, 494, 638; solitary confinement (“box,” pit), 109, 110, 113, 124, 163, 180, 468
churches and monasteries used as, 438, 450, 479, 605
DPZ (House of Preliminary Detention), 180
internal prisons, 184n, 190
isolator, 460, 473, 474, 475, 479–84, 638
TON (Special Purpose Prison), 457, 478–84
see also interrogations; transit prisons and camps; Tsarist regime, prisons and camps
Prokopovich, Sergei N., 34, 631
Promparty (Industrial Party), 640
trial, 1, 47, 48, 49–50, 299, 336, 376–99, 400, 406
Provisional Government, 355, 359, 402, 434, 640
Prugavin, Aleksandr S., 437n
Pryubel, Artur, 369n-370n
PSh (Suspicion of Espionage), 64, 284
Ptukhin, Yevgeny S., 80, 631
Pugachev, Yem
elyan I., 433, 631
Punich, Ivan A., 73n
Pyankov, 281
Pyatakov, Georgi L., 354, 411, 415–16
PZ (Toadyism Toward the West), 91
Rachmaninoff, Sergei, 262
Radek, Karl B., 370n, 410, 415, 416, 631
Radishchev, Aleksandr N., 131, 500, 631
Rafailsky, 314
railroads, 28, 44–45, 493, 592–93
Chinese Eastern Railroad (KVZhD), 72, 156, 217, 637
militarization of, 87, 439
Vikzhel (All-Russian Executive Committee of Railroad Workers Union), 28, 641
see also prisoner transport, railroad cars
Rakovskaya, Yelena, 90
Ralov, R., 129
Ramzin, Leonid K., 377, 386–90 passim, 394, 396, 398–99, 401, 631
Ransome, Arthur, 13n, 631
Rappoport, Arnold, 279, 471–72
Raskolnikov (Ilin), Fyodor F., 467, 631
Rasputin, Grigory Y., 199, 322, 631
Ratner, Yevgeniya M., 364
Razin, Stepan T. (Stenka), 599, 631
Red Army see military forces
Red Cross see International Red Cross; Political Red Cross
Reformatsky, Mikhail A., 443
Reilly, Sidney G., 127, 631
religious persecution and arrests, 51, 58, 59, 90, 475; see also Jews; Moslems; Orthodox Church; Roman Catholic Church
Repin, Ilya Y., 557, 631
Repina, 531
Reunov, Volodya, 580
Revolutionary Tribunals (Revtri-bunals), 32, 282, 301–05, 308, 640; see also individual trials
Rimalis, 107
RKI (Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspection): Oldenborger trial, 336–41 passim
ROA see “Russian Liberation Army”
Rodionovites see Gil-Blazhevich (Rodionov)
Roginsky, Grigory K., 399
Rokossovsky, Konstantin K., 252n, 448, 631
Roman Catholic Church: arrests and persecution, 37
Romanov, Panteleimon S., 215, 632
Romanov, Vasily F., 420, 421
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 259n, 553–54, 611–12
Rossiya Insurance Company, 134, 210–11
Rostov-on-the-Don: House 33, 43, 103n, 104–05
Rottenberg, 314, 316, 318
Rozhansky, Dmitri A., 48, 49
Rozsas, Janos, 279
Rubin, Pyotr P., 465–66
Rudzutak, Yan E., 412, 632
Rumania, 384
World War II, 610
Rumanians: arrests, 86
Rumyantseva, Yuliya, 133
Rusov, 152, 421
Russell, Bertrand, 537n
“Russian Liberation Army” (ROA), 251, 253, 257
Russian Orthodox Church see Orthodox Church
Russkaya Pravda, 132, 640
Russkiye Vedomosti: trial, 310—11
Ryabushinsky, Pavel P., 47, 632
Rybakova, Vera, 15
Rykov, Aleksei I., 335, 405, 410, 415, 416, 632
Ryleyev, Kondrati F., 131–32, 632
Rysakov, Nikolai I., 132, 632
Ryumin, M. D., 126, 127, 157–58, 182n, 297, 596, 632
Ryurik, 64, 232, 435, 632
Ryzhei, Pyotr L. see Tur Brothers
sabotage: and Criminal Code, 65, 67
Saburov, 421, 429, 430, 450
Sakharov, Igor K,, 257n, 632
Saltychikha (Darya N. Saltykova), 211n, 437, 632
Samarin, A. D., 322, 324
Samsonov, Aleksandr V., 253n, 632
Samulyev, 110
Sandormirskaya, 41
Sanin, 508–09, 510, 511
Santerre, Max, 517
Sapropelite Committee, 95–96, 640
Saunin, 75
Savinkov, Boris V., 310, 357, 367–69, 369n-370n, 632
Savinkov, Lev B., 369, 371
Savva, St., 325, 632
Savvatyevsky Monastery Prison see Solovetsky Islands
Sayenko, 156
Schlüsselburg Fortress, 41, 434n, 457–58, 462, 479, 480, 482, 640
schools and universities: arrests and persecution, 26, 28, 31, 34, 38–39, 40, 43, 48, 59, 73, 90, 313, 357, 358, 416, 611
see also intelligentsia
Schrödinger, Erwin, 599
Schultz, 291n, 497
Schutzbündlers, 59, 608, 640
scientists: arrests and persecution, 31, 73, 90, 95–96
see also intelligentsia
Sedelnikov, 336, 339, 340, 341
Sedin, Ivan K., 231, 632
Sedykh, Lyuba, 159
Selivanov, Dmitri F., 372, 632
Semyonov, 350
Semyonov, 362
Semyonov, Nikolai A., 248, 601
Senchenko, 152–53, 164
sentences, 284–86, 288–89, 291
in camp, 81, 248
death penalty (supreme measure), 60, 62, 63, 67, 243, 283, 291, 300, 302, 352–53, 432–55; abolishment, 89, 302, 324, 434, 435–36, 439; appeals and commutation, 446, 453; during Civil War, 300, 435; (1937–38), 438–39; reinstatement, 89n, 290–91, 433, 434, 435, 436, 439; during Tsarist regime, 301, 432–34
disenfranchisement (“muzzle”), 245, 248, 291
“minus,” 35, 271, 282
repeaters (second-termers), 25, 89–90
terms switched or sold, 560, 561
see also amnesty; Criminal Code Serdyukova, 14
Serebryakova, Galina I., 540n, 632
Sergius, St., 326, 632
Sergius, Archimandrite, 352
Serov, Ivan A., 149n, 632
Seryegin, Viktor A., 293
“Seven-eighths” law, 58, 88, 436–37
Shakespeare, William, 173–74
Shakhty case: trial, 47, 336, 373–75, 376
Shalamov, Varlam T., 99n, 632
Kolyma Stories, xii, 632
Sketches of the Criminal World, 580n
Shanghai: Soviet émigrés, 264
sharashka see prisoners, special-assignment work
Shchastny, Aleksei M., 306–07, 434, 435, 632
Shchebetin, 545
Shcherbakov, Aleksandr S., 157, 231, 632
Shein, 373
Sheinin, Lev R., 22, 633
Shendrik, 555–56
Sheshkovsky, Stepan I., 131, 633
Shevtsov, Sergei P., 41
Shipovalnikov, Father Viktor, 127, 169, 576
Shitov, 150
Shkurkin, 154
Shmidt, Pyotr P., 614, 633
Sholokhov, Mikhail A., 244n, 633
Shpakov, Volodya, 580
Shpalernaya (prison; Moscow), 144, 459
Shtrobinder, Aleksandr, 443
Shubin, 425
Shulgin, Vasily V., 264–65, 633
Shvernik, Nikolai M., 399, 405–06, 633
“Siberian Peasants’ Union”: trial, 33
Sidorov, 116
Sikorski, Wladyslaw, 77
Sinebryukhov, 286
Sivakov, 98
Skobtsova, Yelizaveta Y. (Mother Mariya), 188, 633
Skorokhvatov, 154
Skripnikova, Anna P., 8, 34n, 43, 98, 483, 500
Skrypnik, Nikolai A., 411, 633
Skuratov, Malyuta (Grigory L. Belsky), 168, 633
Skyrius, Romualdas, 100
Slesarev, 292
Sliozberg (Adamova-Sliozberg), Olga, xii, 294, 480
Smelov, Gennady, 473
SMERSH, 23, 640
Smirnov, 351
Smirnov, Fyodor I., 420, 421, 422, 427, 429, 430
Smirnov, Ivan N., 410, 411, 472, 633
Smushkevich, Yakov V., 80, 633
Social Democrats: arrests, 30, 36, 191, 460, 472, 474
Socialist Revolutionary Party, 191, 355–61 passim, 409, 640
arrests and trials, 29, 30, 31, 36, 41, 63, 302, 460, 463, 472, 474, 475; amnesty (1919), 358–59, 360; Central Committee, trial, 306–07, 342, 351–52, 354–67
socialists: arrests, 35–36, 39, 51, 59, 72, 469, 473–78, 500
SOE (Socially Dangerous Element), 8
6, 284
Sokol, 115
Sokolnikov, Grigory Y., 414–15, 633
Sokolov, 447
Solovetsky Islands (Solovki): Special Purpose Camp (SLON; Muskalmsky, Savvatyevsky, Troitsky monastery prisons), 32, 37, 38, 43, 189, 463–65, 480, 640
Solovyev, 314, 316, 317, 318
Solovyev, Vladimir S., 37, 633
Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr I.: arrest and imprisonment, 16–23, 66–67, 133–34, 153, 164–67, 250, 277–79; Butyrki, 237, 239, 241–42, 248, 252n, 260, 265, 267–68, 269, 271–80, 395, 594–615; camp, 142, 589–90, 598, 601; Krasnaya Presnya, 537–38, 546–49, 551–54, 557–58, 563–64; Lubyanka, 134–42, 144, 184–235; prisoner transport, 524–26, 530–32; special convoy, 588, 590–94 passim
The First Circle, 157, 590
and Khrushchev, 234n
military career, 19, 162–64, 169–70, 238–39, 255–57, 260, 594
One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, 170, 175n, 298, 540n
Rostov University, 160, 161
Sorokin, 422
South Africa, Republic of, 290n
Spain: Civil War, 86, 263
Spanish Inquisition, 435n
Special Boards (OSO), 143, 275, 281, 283–86, 288, 289, 290, 295, 641
Special Purpose Prisons (TON), 457, 478–84
Special Purpose Detachments (CHON), 303
spies see espionage
SR see Socialist Revolutionary Party
Sretenka (prison; Moscow), 568
Stakhanovite movement, 139
Stalin, Iosif V., 633
amnesty (1945) and rumors of, 78, 190n, 191n, 251, 271, 272, 273, 274, 278n, 280, 608
and Bukharin, 411–18 passim
Okhrana, possible service in, 67n, 195n
Order No. 227 (World War II), 81
and public trials, 47–48, 49–50
“Six Conditions,” 48
Stalingrad: World War II, 81, 162
State Bank, 401
State Commission for Famine Relief (Pomgol), 34, 344, 345, 346, 347, 351, 638
State Planning Commission (Gosplan), 44, 63, 272, 392, 401
Stavrov, 420, 421, 426
Steiner, 258
Stelmakh, 98, 300
Stempkovsky, V. I., 330
Stepun, Fyodor A., 372, 634
Stolyarova, N., 131
Stolypin, Pyotr A., 301, 310, 389, 491, 634
Stolypin cars see prisoner transport, railroad cars
stool pigeons, 128, 153, 185, 186, 448, 574, 618
Strakhovich, Konstantin I., 153, 289, 442, 444, 445, 446, 447
Strakhovich, Yelizaveta V., 153
Strik-Strikfeldt, Wilfred, 253n
Strutinskaya, Yelena, 109
Struzhinsky, 462, 503
students see schools and universities
Sudrabs, Yan F. see Latsis (Lacis), Martyn I.
Sukhanov (Gimmer), Nikolai N., 49, 634
Sukhanovka: prison, 113, 117, 126, 181–83, 479
Supreme Council of the Economy (VSNKh), 43–44, 63, 392, 401, 641
The Gulag Archipelago, Volume 1 Page 76