by Steven Poole
55 Traubman, Tamar, et al., ‘Hundreds Rally in TA Against IDF Killing of 2 Palestinian Teens’, Ha’aretz, 5 May 2005.
56 McGreal, Chris, ‘Israeli Missile Attack on Hamas Leader Misses Target and Kills Passerby’, Guardian, 27 August 2003.
57 ‘Syria, Iran Rebuked Over Stalled Road Map’, LA Times, 23 July 2003.
58 Nafie, Ibrahim, ‘I’m Sorry’, interview with George W. Bush, Al-Ahram, 8 May 2004.
59 ‘Israel Likely to Keep 180,000 Settlers: Sharon Aide’, Reuters, 4 August 2005.
60 Nir, Ori, ‘Word of the Month: Connect and Disconnect’, Tzavta (Israel Center’s Young Adults Program), April 2004.
61 ‘Israeli Settler Eviction Complete’, BBC News, 23 August 2005.
62 Morris, op. cit.
63 ‘Disorder Tempers Dreams of New Gaza After Israelis Go’, Reuters, 21 July 2005.
64 US Department of State Briefing, 19 July 2005.
65 Halevy, Efraim, ‘The Coming Pax Americana’, Ha’aretz, 22 April 2005.
66 Shavit, Ari, ‘The Big Freeze’, Ha’aretz, 8 October 2004.
67 Brilliant, Joshua, ‘Sharon’s Pullback to Freeze Peace Process’, United Press International, 6 October 2005.
68 Halevy, Efraim, op. cit.
69 Eldar, Akiva, ‘No Oversight in Sight’, Ha’aretz, 7 June 2005; ‘Israel Sets West Bank Settlement Expansion’, Reuters, 4 August 2005.
70 Keinon, Herb, ‘Analysis: The Settlements Code’, Jerusalem Post, 13 April 2005.
71 ‘PM Sharon’s Speech to the Aipac Conference in Washington, DC, 24 May 2005.
72 Rosenblum, Mark, ‘On the Road (Map) Again’, Americans for Peace Now (http://www.peacenow.org), 15 April 2005.
73 Editorial: ‘Ariel Sharon’s Statesmanship’, NYT, 24 August 2005.
74 ‘Israeli Settler Eviction Complete’, BBC News, 23 August 2005.
75 Interview with author, 18 April 2005.
76 Quoted in Ruthven, op. cit., p. 160.
77 Quoted in Ruthven, op. cit., p. 165.
78 Cole, Juan, ‘Jerusalem and Terrorism’, Informed Comment (http://www.juancole.com), 11 July 2005.
79 Johnson, Paul, ‘The Anti-Semitic Disease’, Commentary, June 2005.
80 ‘Egyptian Foreign Minister Calls Shas Rabbi a “Racist”’, Ha’aretz, 12 April 2001.
81 Larry King Live, CNN, 30 May 2005.
82 Dor, op. cit., pp. 155–7.
83 ITV Evening News, 9 October 2000, cited in Philo, Greg, and Berry, Mike, Bad News from Israel (London, 2004), p. 113.
84 Bell-Fialkoff, Andrew, Ethnic Cleansing (London, 1996), p. 1.
85 Cited in Novak, Viktor, Magnum Crimen (Zagreb, 1948), pp. 704–5; trans. Djuric, Sinisa, for The Pavelic Papers at http://www.pavelicpapers.com/documents/ndhnews/ndhn0004.html
86 Bell-Fialkoff, op. cit., p. 45.
87 Washington Post, 2 August 1991, cited in OED, ‘ethnic cleansing’.
88 Cited in OED, ‘cleanse’, 2.
89 Petrovic, Drazen, ‘Ethnic Cleansing – An Attempt at Methodology’, European Journal of International Law, Vol. 5, No 3 (1994), p. 342ff.
90 ‘The Situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina’, UN A/RES/47/121, 18 December 1992.
91 Power, Samantha, ‘A Problem from Hell’: America and the Age of Genocide (New York, 2002; London, 2003), p. 288.
92 ‘Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, Approved and Proposed for Signature and Ratification or Accession by General Assembly Resolution 260 A (III) of 9 December 1948, entry into force 12 January 1951, in accordance with article XIII.’
93 Power, op. cit., pp. 53–4.
94 Gallagher, Paul, ‘Srebrenica Massacre Conviction Reduced at Hague’, Reuters, 19 April 2004.
95 Bugarski, Ranko, ‘Language, Nationalism and War’, International Journal of the Sociology of Language, No. 151 (2001), pp. 69–87.
96 Halliday, Fred, op. cit., p. 210.
97 Power, op. cit., p. 288.
98 Power, op. cit., p. 42.
99 Lemkin, Raphael, Axis Rule in Occupied Europe (1944), ix. 79, cited in OED, ‘genocide’.
100 Power, op. cit., p. 1.
101 Cited in Power, op. cit., p. 23.
102 Matossiann, Nouritza, They Say “Incident”. To Me It’s Genocide’, Observer, 27 February 2005, p. 23.
103 Cohen, Nick, Pretty Straight Guys (2003; London, 2004), pp. 86–8.
104 Stone, Norman, ‘Armenia and Turkey’, Letters, Times Literary Supplement, 15 October 2004.
105 Power, op. cit., pp. 17–19.
106 Bugarski, op. cit.
107 Power, op. cit., p. 358.
108 Ignatieff, Michael, Empire Lite (London, 2003), p. 70.
109 ‘Press Briefing on Humanitarian Crisis in Darfur, Sudan’, UN, 2 April 2004.
110 ‘Online NewsHour: Lawmakers Decry Crisis in Sudan’, PBS, 6 July 2004.
111 Straus, Scott, ‘Darfur and the Genocide Debate’, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 84, No. 1, Jan/Feb 2005, pp. 123–4.
112 Silverstein, Ken, ‘Official Pariah Sudan Valuable to America’s War on Terrorism’, NYT, 29 April 2005.
113 Reeves, Eric, ‘The “Two Darfurs”: Redefining a Crisis for Political Purposes’, http://www.sudanreeves.org, 20 May 2005.
114 Kristof, Nicholas D., ‘Hypocrisy on Darfur’, International Herald Tribune, 7 April 2005.
115 Straus, Scott, op. cit.
116 ‘Inaugural Address of United States President William J. Clinton’, 20 January 1993.
117 ‘News Conference on the Former Yugoslavia’, US Department of State, 10 February 1993.
118 US Department of State Archives, Vol. 4, No. 39: 27 September 1993.
119 ‘Leave None to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda’, Human Rights Watch, March 1999.
120 See, for example, Thompson, Mark, Forging War: The Media in Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Hercegovina (Second edition; Luton, 1999); Prunier, Gérard, The Rwanda Crisis (New York, 1995).
121 Bugarski, op. cit.
122 Empson, William, ‘Missing Dates’, ll 1–3, in Haffenden, John (ed), The Complete Poems of William Empson (London, 2004).
123 ‘U.S. Choices in Bosnia: Prepared Remarks of Secretary of Defense William J. Perry at the 100th Landon Lecture Series, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kan.’, DoD, 9 March 1995.
124 “Secretary William J. Perry Remarks as Prepared for Delivery, the Forrestal Lecture, United States Naval Academy Foreign Affairs Conference’, DoD, 18 April 1995.
125 See Bugarski, Ranko, ‘Discourses of War and Peace’, Folia Linguistica XXXIV/3–4, 2000.
Chapter 5: Operations
1 Arkin, William N., Code Names: Deciphering US Military Plans, Programs, and Operations in the 9/11 World (Hanover, 2005), p. 280.
2 E.g., Chomsky, Noam, ‘The Invasion of Panama’, in What Uncle Sam Really Wants (Tucson, 1992).
3 Nunberg, Geoffrey, Going Nucular: Language, Politics and Culture in Confrontational Times (New York, 2004), p. 44.
4 Broder, David, ‘When US Intervention Makes Sense’, Washington Post, 14 January 1990.
5 Sieminski, Gregory C., The Art of Naming Operations’, Parameters (US Army War College Quarterly), Autumn 1995, pp. 81–98.
6 Hayes, Peter, and Tannenwald, Nina, ‘Nixing Nukes in Vietnam’, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Vol. 59, No. 3, May/June 2003.
7 Sieminski, op. cit.
8 Ibid.
9 Churchill, Winston, The Second World War: Vol. V, Closing the Ring (Boston, 1951), p. 662, cited in Sieminski.
10 Arkin, op. cit., p. 15.
11 ‘Press Briefing by Ari Fleischer’, White House, 24 March 2003.
12 Arkin, op. cit., p. 398.
13 ‘“Enduring Freedom”: Abuse by U.S. Forces in Afghanistan’, Human Rights Watch, March 2004, Vol. 16, No. 3(C).
14 Curtis, Mark, Unpeople: Britain’s Secret Human Rights Abuses (London, 2004), p. 297.
15 Cook, Robin, The Point of Departure (2003; London, 2004), p. 330.
16
‘U.S.’s “Iron Hammer” Code Name 1st Used by Nazis’, San Diego Union-Tribune, 18 November 2003.
17 Arkin, op. cit., p. 360.
18 Ibid., p. 375.
19 Ibid., p. 412.
20 Churchill, op. cit.
21 Arkin, op. cit., p. 401.
22 Ibid., p. 426.
23 American Forces Press Service, 15 July 2005.
24 OED, ‘operation’.
25 Sorensen, T. C., Kennedy (1965), xxiv. 684, cited in OED, ‘surgical’, le.
26 Harper’s, November 1971, cited in OED, ‘surgical’, le.
27 Clark, Ramsey, ‘Libyan Epilogue’, The Nation, 12 July 1986.
28 Ibid.
29 Martinot, Steve, ‘Purity and Gangrene: A Meditation on the Discourse of Bombs’, Electronic Journal of Communication, Vol. 2, No. 1,1991.
30 Ibid.
31 ‘December D-Day for Fallujah’, AFP, 19 September 2004.
32 ‘Palestinians Remove Hate Text from Web Site’, Reuters, 19 May 2005.
33 Franchetti, Mark, ‘Slaughter at the Bridge of Death: US Marines Fire on Civilians’, The Times, 31 March 2003.
34 ‘What Is Chemotherapy and How Does It Work?’, American Cancer Society, http://www.cancer.org/docroot/ETO/content/ETO_l_7X_ What_Is_Chemotherapy_And_How_Does_It_Work.asp
35 Edwards, Rob, ‘WHO “Suppressed” Study into Depleted Uranium Cancer Fears in Iraq’, Sunday Herald, 22 February 2004.
36 ‘Uranium and Depleted Uranium’, World Nuclear Association, April 2004.
37 Carr-Brown, Jonathon, ‘Depleted Uranium Shells Held “Cocktail of Nuclear Waste”’, Sunday Times, 21 January 2001.
38 ‘Uranium and Weapons’, Uranium Medical Research Centre (http://www.umrc.net).
39 Edwards, op. cit.
40 Johnson, Larry, ‘Iraqi Cancers, Birth Defects Blamed on U.S. Depleted Uranium’, Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 12 November 2002.
41 Thompson, Mark, ‘How to Squeeze a City’, Time, 11 April 2004.
42 OED, ‘débridement’.
43 Mediine, ‘debridement’.
44 ‘Operation Vigilant Resolve’, http://www.globalsecurity.org
45 ‘Fallujah’, http://www.globalsecurity.org
46 Barnard, Anne, ‘Death Toll Near 500 in Fallujah, Baghdad’, Boston Globe, 22 April 2004.
47 ‘Coalition Provisional Authority Briefing’, DoD, 12 April 2004.
48 ‘Bush Laments “Tough Week,” Bremer Vows to Rid Iraq of “Poison”’, AFP, 12 April 2004.
49 Shakespeare, William, The Tragedy of Coriolanus, I ii 113–15, in Wells, Stanley and Taylor, Gary (eds), The Complete Works (Oxford, 1988).
50 Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Coriolanus, III i 157–8.
51 ‘Defense Department Briefing’, 5 May 2005.
52 OED, ‘service’, 11, 2b.
53 According to the results of full-text searches of ‘provide’, ‘providing’, ‘provided’ and ‘provision’ NEAR ‘service’ in the online OED (Second edition, 1989).
54 OED, ‘self-service’, 1.
55 ‘NCTE Doublespeak Award’, National Council of Teachers of English, http://www.ncte.org/about/awards/council/jrnl/106868.htm
56 Safire, William, Safire’s New Political Dictionary (New York, 1993), p. 227.
57 Ronson, Jon, The Men Who Stare at Goats (London, 2004), pp. 140–2, 167–8.
58 Luntz, Frank, ‘The Environment: A Cleaner, Safer, Healthier America’ in The Luntz Research Companies: Straight Talk, memo leaked April 2003, http://www.ewg.org/briefings/luntzmemo/; cited in Burkeman, Oliver, ‘Memo Exposes Bush’s New Green Strategy’, Guardian, 4 March 2003. p. 186.
59 OED, ‘servicing’, 3, 4; ‘service’, v., 5a.
60 ‘Episode 11: Vietnam’, Cold War, CNN, June 1996, transcript: http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/11/interviews/Westmoreland/
61 ‘Ali’s Draft Conviction Upset by High Court, 8–0’, AP, 28 June 1971.
62 Glossary of Military Terms and Slang from the Vietnam War, Sixties Project, University of Virginia.
63 Ibid.
64 Cook, Melvin A., ‘BLU-82 Commando Vault, “Daisy Cutter”’, http://www.globalsecurity. org
65 ‘LGM-118A Peacekeeper’, http://www.globalsecurity.org; ‘Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles’, US Strategic Command Public Affairs, March 2004.
66 Boot, Max, ‘Sparing Civilians, Buildings, and Even the Enemy’, NYT, 30 March 2003.
67 ‘Turks, Saudis Ban Cruise Missile Flights’, CNN, 29 March 2003.
68 Arkin, William M., ‘America Cluster Bombs Iraq’, Washington Post, 26 February 2001.
69 Ahmed, Kamal, ‘Revealed: The Cluster Bombs That Litter Iraq’, Observer, 1 June 2003.
70 Buncombe, Andrew, ‘US Admits it Used Napalm Bombs in Iraq’, Independent, 10 August 2003.
71 Quoted in Mann, Michael, Incoherent Empire (New York, 2003), p. 24.
72 Cited in Safire, op. cit., p. 683.
73 Ibid.
74 Bugarski, Ranko, ‘Discourses of War and Peace’, Folia Linguistica XXXW/3–4, 2000, n.6.
75 The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (New York, 2004), p. xvi.
76 Epstein, Edward, ‘Success in Afghan War Hard to Gauge’, San Francisco Chronicle, 23 March 2002.
77 ‘Secretary Rumsfeld Interview with Sir David Frost, BBC News’, US DoD transcript, 15 June 2005.
78 Buncombe, Andrew, ‘Aid Worker Uncovered America’s Secret Tally of Iraqi civilian Deaths’, Independent, 20 April 2005.
79 http://www.iraqbodycount.net
80 Woodward, Bob, Plan of Attack (London, 2004), p. 331.
81 ‘Episode 11: Vietnam’, Cold War, CNN, http://www.cnn.com/SPE-CIALS/cold.war/episodes/11/interviews/caputo/
82 Cited in Mann, op. cit., p. 138.
83 Priest, Dana, ‘In War, Mud Huts and Hard Calls’, Washington Post, 20 February 2002.
84 ‘R-ll / SS-1B SCUD-A, R-300 9K72 Elbrus / SS-1C SCUD-B’, http://www.globalsecurity.org
85 ‘WMD Emphasis was “Bureaucratic”’, BBC News, 29 May 2003.
86 ‘Top Bush Officials Push Case Against Saddam’, CNN, 8 September 2002.
87 Cook, Robin, op. cit., p. 337.
88 ‘GBU-43/B “Mother of All Bombs” MOAB – Massive Ordnance Air Blast Bomb’, http://www.globalsecurity.org
89 Lathem, Niles, ‘The Mother of All Bombs: 21,500-lb Monster Meant to Shock Iraq into Surrender’, New York Post, 12 March 2003.
90 Hitchens, Christopher, ‘“WMD” and “Inspection” – Are Saddam’s Weapons Really So Unconventional?’, Slate, 26 December 2002.
91 Cirincione, loseph, ‘The End of “WMD”’, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, July 2005.
92 Hitchens, op. cit.
93 The Times, 28 December 1937, cited in OED Online Draft Additions, ‘weapon’.
94 ‘Cluster Bombs in Afghanistan’, Human Rights Watch, October 2001.
95 ‘Ashcroft: Saddam’s “Evil Chemistry” Justified War’, AP, 26 January 2004.
96 Cirincione, op. cit.
97 ‘Rifle-Launched Non-Lethal Cargo Dispenser’, United States Patent 6,523,478, 25 February 2003.
98 ‘Nuke Program Parts Unearthed in Baghdad Back Yard: U.S. Officials: Find is not smoking gun’, CNN, 26 June 2003.
99 State of the Union Address, White House, 20 January 2004.
100 Syson, Neil, ‘Saddam Most Deadly WMD’, Sun, 26 April 2005.
101 Schmitt, Richard B., ‘U.S. Indicts 3 Suspected Terrorist Scouts’, Los Angeles Times, 13 April 2005.
102 Outfoxed: Rupert Murdoch’s War on Journalism (dir. Robert Greenwald, 2004).
103 Pitt, William Rivers, ‘Without Honor’, http://www.truthout.org, 10 November 2003.
104 Good Morning America, ABC, 18 March 2003.
105 ‘DoD News Briefing – Secretary Rumsfeld and Gen. Pace’, 20 August 2002.
Chapter 6: Terror
1 ‘Revised Draft Outcome Document of the High-level P
lenary Meeting of the General Assembly of September 2005 Submitted by the President of the General Assembly’, A/59/HLPM/CRP.l/Rev.2, US Version, 17 August 2005, leaked to Steve Clemons and posted at http:www.talking-pointsmemo.com/docs/us.comments.pdf
2 Falk, Richard, Unlocking the Middle East: The Writings of Richard Falk, ed. Jean Allain (Moreton-in-Marsh, 2003), pp. 136–7.
3 Cited in Rees, Phil, Dining with Terrorists: Meetings with the World’s Most Wanted Militants (London, 2005), pp. 15–16.
4 Rees, op. cit., p. 127.
5 Collins, Lauren, ‘Close Reading Dept: O.B.L.’, New Yorker, 22 August 2005.
6 Interview on Al Jazeera, 8 July 2005, transcribed and translated in ‘Special Dispatch: Jihad and Terrorism’, Middle East Media Research Institute (http://www.memri.org), 12 July 2005.
7 Danner, Mark, ‘Delusions in Baghdad’, New York Review of Books, 19 November 2003.
8 Kovalev, Sergei, ‘Death in Chechnya’, New York Review of Books, 8 June 1995.
9 Kovalev, Sergei, ‘Putin’s War’, New York Review of Books, 10 February 2000.
10 Falk, Richard, The Great Terror War (New York, 2002), p. xix.
11 Encyclopaedia Britannica (2005).
12 ‘Terrorism: What You Need to Know About U.S. Sanctions: Executive Order 13224 blocking Terrorist Property and a summary of the Terrorism Sanctions Regulations (Title 31 Part 595 of the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations), Terrorism List Governments Sanctions Regulations (Title 31 Part 596 of the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations), and Foreign Terrorist Organizations Sanctions Regulations (Title 31 Part 597 of the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations)’, US Department of the Treasury publication, 15 February 2005.
13 Keegan, John, ‘Necessary or Not, Dresden Remains a Topic of Anguish’, Telegraph, 10 October 2005.
14 Oestreicher, Paul, Comment, Guardian, 12 February 2004.
15 McGreal, Chris, ‘We’re Air Force Pilots, Not Mafia. We Don’t Take Revenge’, Guardian, 3 December 2003.
16 http://www.btselem.org/english/statistics/casualties.asp
17 ‘Promoting Impunity: The Israel Military’s Failure to Investigate Wrongdoing’, Human Rights Watch, June 2005, Vol. 17, No. 7(E).
18 US Department of State Briefing with spokesperson Richard Boucher, 16 May 2005.