Team of Rivals

by Doris Kearns Goodwin

  “of the gravest…and adviser”: Entry for July 22, 1864, ibid., p. 84.

  plan to foster…“by contribution”: H. P. Livingston to AL, November 14, 1864, Lincoln Papers; AL to WHS, November 17, 1864, endorsement on Livingston to AL, ibid.; WHS to AL, November 17, 1864, endorsement on Livingston to AL, ibid. (quote).

  Seward had long since…“by the President”: Seward, Seward at Washington…1846–1861, p. 528.

  “Henceforth…of the human race”: WHS, quoted in Seward, Seward at Washington…1861–1872, p. 250.

  “looked older…long one, perhaps”: Benjamin, “Recollections of Secretary Edwin M. Stanton,” Century (1887), pp. 758, 759–60.

  letter to Chase…“labor and care”: EMS to SPC, November 19, 1864, quoted in Thomas and Hyman, Stanton, p. 334.

  unwritten code…“felt it necessary”: Thomas and Hyman, Stanton, p. 390.

  president’s assent…“interfere with him”: Flower, Edwin McMasters Stanton, pp. 369–70.

  pressed by relatives…“circumspection”: AL to EMS, March 18, 1864, in CW, VII, pp. 254–55.

  Stanton replied…“promptly obeyed”: EMS to AL, March 19, 1864, Lincoln Papers.

  Lincoln looked…“his friends”: Carpenter, Six Months at the White House, p. 172.

  clerk recalled…“wail of anguish”: William H. Whiton, quoted in Flower, Edwin McMasters Stanton, pp. 418–19.

  group of Pennsylvania…“have to be done”: EMS and AL, quoted in Thomas and Hyman, Stanton, p. 387.

  “I send this…in this blunder”: AL to USG, September 22, 1864, in CW, VIII, p. 17.

  “his firmness…into arrogance”: Alonzo Rothschild, Lincoln, Master of Men: A Study in Character (Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1906), p. 231.

  “hard to vote…is a ruffian”: Entry for September 17, 1864, in Diary of George Templeton Strong, Vol. III, p. 489.

  “Go home…be found guilty”: Carpenter, Six Months at the White House, p. 246.

  “Folks come up…don’t know ’em!”: AL, quoted in Rothschild, Lincoln, Master of Men, p. 285.

  discreet New Englander…“political gossip”: Entry for August 31, 1864, Welles diary, Vol. II, p. 131.

  Times of London…“first class power”: NR, January 7, 1865.

  Bates had contemplated…“to your age”: Barton Bates to EB, May 13, 1864, Bates Papers, MoSHi.

  prospect of going home…“god’s blessing”: Entry for May 29, 1864, The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866, p. 371.

  Bates believed…“as long as I live”: EB to AL, November 24, 1864, Lincoln Papers.

  first months as Attorney General…military matters: Entry for December 31, 1861, The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866, pp. 218–19; entry for January 10, 1862, ibid., pp. 223–26.

  deliver a legal opinion…“and clothing”: EB to AL, July 14, 1864, OR, Ser. 3, Vol. IV, pp. 490–93 (quote p. 493).

  Abolitionists applauded: Entry for May 26, 1864, The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866, p. 371.

  citizenship issue…of the United States: Frank J. Williams, “Attorney General Bates and Attorney President Lincoln,” R. Gerald McMurtry Lecture, Lincoln Museum, Fort Wayne, Ind., September 23, 2000, author’s collection; Cain, Lincoln’s Attorney General, pp. 222–23.

  “Though esteemed…constitutional interpretation”: Daily Morning Chronicle, Washington, D.C., December 4, 1864, quoted in The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866, p. 430.

  reveals frustration…“no subordination”: Entry for October 1, 1861, ibid., p. 196.

  General Butler…arrests in Norfolk: Entry for August 4, 1864, ibid., pp. 393–94.

  “chief fear…easy good nature”: Entry for February 13, 1864, ibid., p. 334.

  troubled at the start…“sure to prevail”: EB, quoted in Carpenter, Six Months at the White House, pp. 68–69.

  each of his colleagues…“affable and kind”: Entry for December 2, 1864, The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866, p. 429.

  Bates left…“with regret”: Entry for November 30, 1864, ibid., p. 428.

  forever connected…“when I am gone”: Poem, quoted in entry for October 13, 1864, ibid., p. 419.

  “My Cabinet…would have to be heeded”: AL, quoted in Titian J. Coffey, “Lincoln and the Cabinet,” in Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln, ed. Rice (1909 edn.), p. 197.

  Holt declined the offer…“personal character”: Joseph Holt to AL, December 1, 1864, Lincoln Papers.

  “I appoint you…come on at once”: AL to James Speed, in CW, VIII, p. 126.

  “Will leave tomorrow for Washington”: James Speed to AL, December 1, 1864, Lincoln Papers.

  “I am a…everywhere forever”: James Speed, quoted in Gary Lee Williams, “James and Joshua Speed: Lincoln’s Kentucky Friends” (Ph.D. diss., Duke University, 1971), p. 137.

  “We are less now but true”: James Speed to AL, November 25, 1864, quoted in ibid., p. 138.

  “a man I know…ought to know him well”: AL, quoted in Coffey, “Lincoln and the Cabinet,” in Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln, ed. Rice (1909 edn.), p. 197.

  Had it been…“freely and publicly”: David Herbert Donald, “We Are Lincoln Men”: Abraham Lincoln and His Friends (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2003), p. 38.

  “You will find…by a big office”: AL, quoted in Coffey, “Lincoln and the Cabinet,” in Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln, ed. Rice (1909 edn.), p. 197.

  only position…“Stanton ever desired”: Wolcott, “Edwin M. Stanton,” p. 162.

  “You have been wearing…owes it to you”: Robert Grier to EMS, October 13, 1864, Stanton Papers, DLC.

  Ellen Stanton…“subject tomorrow”: Entry for October 16, 1864, in Browning, The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning, Vol. I, p. 687–88.

  Matthew Simpson…“I will do it”: AL, quoted in Gideon Stanton, ed., “Edwin M. Stanton.”

  Grant worried…stay at his post: Thomas and Hyman, Stanton, p. 337.

  Stanton informed…“among candidates”: Edwards Pierrepont to AL, November 24, 1864, Lincoln Papers.

  He “felt that…higher ambition”: Wolcott, “Edwin M. Stanton,” p. 162.

  “The country cannot…fame already”: Henry Ward Beecher to EMS, November 30, 1864, quoted in ibid., p. 163.

  “Often, in dark hours…fresh hope”: EMS to Henry Ward Beecher, December 4, 1864, quoted in ibid., pp. 163–64.

  Welles told Lincoln…“suppose he would”: Entry for November 26, 1864, Welles diary, Vol. II, p. 182.

  taken his son’s…personal blow: Entry for September 27, 1864, ibid., p. 161.

  “I beg you to indulge…of that Bench”: FPB to AL, October 20, 1864, quoted in Smith, The Francis Preston Blair Family in Politics, Vol. II, pp. 298–99.

  “Chase and his friends…Chief-Justiceship”: MTL, quoted in “If All the Rest Oppose,” in Conversations with Lincoln, ed. Segal, p. 360.

  “had been tried…stood by him”: FPB to John A. Andrew, quoted in ibid., p. 360.

  “a crowning and retiring honor”: Entry for November 22, 1864, The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866, p. 428.

  had “personally solicited”: Entry for October 18, 1864, in Browning, The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning, Vol. I, p. 688.

  “If not overborne…to private life”: Entry for November 22, 1864, The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866, pp. 427–28.

  “Of Mr. Chase’s…not hesitate a moment”: AL, quoted in John G. Nicolay and John Hay, Abraham Lincoln: A History, Vol. IX (New York: Century Co., 1890), p. 394.

  similar comment…“life to the Bench”: Schuyler Colfax, quoted in Blue, Salmon P. Chase, p. 245.

  “Now, I know…men can tell me”: Noah Brooks, “Personal Reminiscences of Lincoln,” Scribner’s Monthly 15 (March 1878), p. 677.

  “we have stood…fitness for the office”: AL, quoted in Blue, Salmon P. Chase, pp. 244–45.

  Oblivious to Stanton’s…“life & work”: SPC to EMS, October 13, 1864, Chase Papers, Vol. IV, p. 434.

  “I have something…will be satisfied”: AL and John B
. Alley, quoted in John B. Alley, in Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln, ed. Rice (1886 edn.), pp. 581–82.

  Lincoln later told Senator Chandler…“nominated Chase”: Entry for December 15, 1864, Welles diary, Vol. II, p. 196.

  “Probably no other…of the President”: JGN to TB, December 8, 1864, container 3, Nicolay Papers.

  got the official word…“or office”: SPC to AL, December 6, 1864, Lincoln Papers.

  “overflowing with…‘So help me God’”: Brooks, Washington, D.C., in Lincoln’s Time, pp. 175–76.

  “I hope the President…in the court”: Entry for December 6, 1864, Welles diary, Vol. II, p. 193.

  Within hours…first black barrister: John S. Rock to CS, December 17, 1864, enclosed in CS to SPC, December 21, 1864, in Selected Letters of Charles Sumner, Vol. II, ed. Palmer, p. 259 n1 (quote); entry for January 21, 1865, Chase Papers, Vol. I, p. 519.

  Sumner stood before…“of this Court”: CS, quoted in Quarles, Lincoln and the Negro, p. 232.

  Rock stepped forward…“of a great people”: Harper’s Weekly, February 25, 1865.

  “has been quite…with good feeling”: MTL to Mercy Levering Conkling, November 19, [1864], in Turner and Turner, Mary Todd Lincoln, p. 187.

  she had been terrified…“run in debt”: Keckley, Behind the Scenes, pp. 147, 149–50 (quotes).

  exposed her…could not curtail: “Mary Todd Lincoln’s Unethical Conduct as First Lady,” appendix 2, in Hay, At Lincoln’s Side, pp. 185–205.

  “Here is the carriage…many questions”: Entry for December 14, 1864, Taft diary.

  new dress…“kid gloves”: Entry for July 3, 1873, Browning diary, quoted in appendix 2, in Hay, At Lincoln’s Side, p. 187.

  “I can neither…your acting thus”: MTL to Ruth Harris, December 28, [1864], in Turner and Turner, Mary Todd Lincoln, p. 196.

  Newspaper reports…“tasteful decoration”: NR, January 10, 1865.

  “Mrs. Lincoln was…throughout”: NR, February 17, 1865.

  “Overcoats…for safe-keeping”: NR, January 6, 1865.

  “a more general…and themselves”: NR, January 10, 1865.

  “I was pleased…two school boys”: MTL to Sally Orne, [December 12, 1869], quoted in Turner and Turner, Mary Todd Lincoln, p. 534.

  lingering grief…favorite rooms: Entry for March 31, 1864, Benjamin B. French journal, reel 2, French Family Papers, DLC.

  “darling Boy!…far from being”: MTL to Hannah Shearer, November 20, 1864, in Turner and Turner, Mary Todd Lincoln, p. 189.

  Lincoln wrote to General Grant…“encumbered”: AL to USG, January 19, 1865, in CW, VIII, p. 223.

  Grant replied…“Military family”: USG to AL, January 21, 1865, Lincoln Papers.

  Stationed at Grant’s…“of the nation”: Porter, Campaigning with Grant, pp. 388–89.

  “passing time and accumulating years”: Entry for January 1, 1865, Welles diary, Vol. II, p. 218.

  last surviving…buried in Ohio: Entry for January 1, 1865, Chase Papers, Vol. I, p. 511.

  Chase wrote to…New Year’s reception: SPC to AL, January 2, 1865, Lincoln Papers.

  “Without your note…bereavement”: AL to SPC, January 2, 1865, in CW, VIII, p. 195.

  “a great contrast…in good spirits”: Entry for January 1, 1865, Taft diary.

  “Our joy…Confederacy were numbered”: Hugh McCullough, quoted in Thomas and Hyman, Stanton, p. 342.

  “anxious…than to acquiesce”: AL to William T. Sherman, December 26, 1864, in CW, VIII, p. 181.

  “We have destroyed…for six months”: FB to FPB, December 16, 1864, quoted in Smith, The Francis Preston Blair Family in Politics, Vol. II, p. 180.

  also paid tribute…“great light”: AL to William T. Sherman, December 26, 1864, in CW, VIII, p. 182.

  telegram announcing…“candle in his hand”: Bates, Lincoln in the Telegraph Office, pp. 316–17 (quotes p. 317).

  Fort Fisher…“rebels from abroad”: NR, January 17, 1865 (quote); NR, January 18, 1865.

  at the cabinet…“President was happy”: Entry for January 17, 1865, Welles diary, Vol. II, p. 227.

  Stephens considered…“or Atlanta”: Alexander H. Stephens, A Constitutional View of the Late War Between the States, Vol. II (Philadelphia: National Publishing Company, 1870), p. 619.

  nearly every other…munitions and supplies: Ibid., p. 620.

  was in Savannah…“delivered to [him]”: EMS to AL, quoted in NR, January 18, 1865.

  journeyed to North Carolina…“the real Stanton”: Mrs. Rufus Saxton, quoted in Flower, Edwin McMasters Stanton, p. 420.

  confer with Sherman…“criminal dislike”: Sherman, Memoirs of General W. T. Sherman, pp. 604–07; Henry W. Halleck to William Sherman, December 30, 1865, OR, Ser. 1, Vol. XLIV, p. 836 (quote).

  Sherman countered…“our substance”: William T. Sherman to SPC, January 11, 1865, in The Salmon P. Chase Papers, Vol. 5: Correspondence, 1865–1873, ed. John Niven (Kent, Ohio, and London, England: Kent State University Press, 1998), pp. 6–7.

  “Special Field Orders…tillable ground”: Sherman, Memoirs of General W. T. Sherman, p. 609; Special Field Orders, No. 15, Headquarters, Military Division of the Mississippi, January 16, 1865, OR, Ser. I, Vol. XLVII, Part II, pp. 60–62.

  Freedmen’s Bureau…the South: Foner, Reconstruction, pp. 68–69.

  “A question might…all the evils”: AL, “Response to a Serenade,” February 1, 1865, in CW, VIII, p. 254.

  previous spring…party lines: “Thirteenth Amendment,” in Neely, The Abraham Lincoln Encyclopedia, p. 308.

  annual message…bipartisan unity: AL, “Annual Message to Congress,” December 6, 1864, in CW, VIII, p. 149.

  “I have sent for you…border state vote”: AL, quoted by James S. Rollins, “The King’s Cure-All for All Evils,” in Conversations with Lincoln, ed. Segal, pp. 363–64.

  assigned two…“procure those votes”: AL, quoted in John B. Alley, in Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln, ed. Rice (1886 edn.), pp. 585–86.

  powers extended…in New York: “Thirteenth Amendment,” in Neely, The Abraham Lincoln Encyclopedia, p. 308.

  Elizabeth Blair noted…several members: EBL to SPL, January 31, 1865, in Wartime Washington, ed. Laas, p. 469.

  Ashley learned…“the more resolute”: AL, quoted in JGN memorandum, January 18, 1865, in Nicolay, With Lincoln in the White House, pp. 171, 257 n11.

  leader of the…“political associates”: Blaine, Twenty Years of Congress, p. 537.

  Democrats who considered changing: Harris, Lincoln’s Last Months, p. 128.

  “We are like whalers…into eternity”: AL, quoted in John G. Nicolay and John Hay, Abraham Lincoln: A History, Vol. X (New York: Century Co., 1890), p. 74.

  Rumors circulated…“have failed”: AL and James M. Ashley correspondence, quoted in James M. Ashley to WHH, November 23, 1866, in HI, pp. 413–14.

  “never before…within hearing”: Address of Hon. J. M. Ashley, before the Ohio Society of New York, February 19, 1899 (privately published), p. 21.

  Chief Justice Chase…foreign ministries: Brooks, Washington, D.C., in Lincoln’s Time, pp. 185–86; Address of Hon. J. M. Ashley, p. 21.

  McAllister…“Southern Confederacy”: Brooks, Washington, D.C., in Lincoln’s Time, p. 186.

  brought forth applause…“without a murmur”: Alexander Coffroth, quoted in Carl Sandburg, Abraham Lincoln: The War Years, Vol. IV (New York: Harcourt, Brace & Company, 1939), p. 10.

  “Hundreds of tally”…votes short: Address of Hon. J. M. Ashley, pp. 23–24.

  Colfax stood…“Resolution has passed”: Brooks, Washington, D.C., in Lincoln’s Time, pp. 186–87.

  five Democrats…would have lost: Harris, Lincoln’s Last Months, p. 132.

  “For a moment…ever heard before”: Brooks, Washington, D.C., in Lincoln’s Time, p. 187.

  “Before the members…had passed”: Arnold, The Life of Abraham Lincoln, p. 365.

  Ashley brought…“great honor”: EMS, quoted in Flower, Edwin McMa
sters Stanton, p. 190.

  “The passage…emancipation proclamation”: Arnold, The Life of Abraham Lincoln, pp. 365–66.

  “The occasion was…They will do it”: AL, “Response to a Serenade,” February 1, 1865, in CW, VIII, p. 254.

  legislatures in twenty…had spoken: “Thirteenth Amendment,” in Neely, The Abraham Lincoln Encyclopedia, p. 308.

  “And to whom…to Abraham Lincoln!”: William Lloyd Garrison, quoted in Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, Vol. X, p. 79n.

  remained unconvinced…a pass: AL, pass for FPB, December 28, 1864, Lincoln Papers.

  proceeding on…“without reserve”: FPB to Jefferson Davis, December 30, 1864, Lincoln Papers.

  arrived in Richmond…“around him”: NR, January 19, 1865.

  “Oh you Rascal…to see you”: EBL to SPL, January 16, 1865, in Wartime Washington, ed. Laas, p. 463.

  “might be the dreams…in his prayers”: FPB, memorandum of conversation with Jefferson Davis [January 12, 1865], Lincoln Papers.

  his proposal…allied against the French: FPB, address made to Jefferson Davis [January 12, 1865], Lincoln Papers.

  Davis agreed…“a Foreign Power”: FPB, memorandum of conversation with Jefferson Davis [January 12, 1865], Lincoln Papers.

  Davis agreed to send…“two Countries”: Jefferson Davis to FPB, January 12, 1865, Lincoln Papers.

  Lincoln consulted…immediately agreed: EMS, quoted in Flower, Edwin McMasters Stanton, p. 257.

  “You may say…one common country”: AL to FPB, January 18, 1865, in CW, VIII, pp. 220–21.

  Davis called a cabinet…Campbell: Davis, Jefferson Davis, p. 590.

  flag of truce…the commissioners: Philadelphia Inquirer, February 3, 1865.

  “By common consent…a gala day”: NYH, February 4, 1865.

  “harbingers of peace…common sentiment”: NR, February 3, 1865.

  “It was night…throughout the country”: Stephens, A Constitutional View of the Late War, pp. 597–98.

  Seward headed south…“sincere liberality”: AL to WHS, January 31, 1865, in CW, VIII, p. 250.

  “convinced”…meet with them personally: USG to EMS, February 1, 1865, Lincoln Papers.

  “Induced by a despatch of Gen. Grant”: AL to WHS, February 2, 1865, in CW, VIII, p. 256.