Jefferson Davis, American
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58. PHC Chronology; JD to VD, September 18, 23, 1870, JD Papers, UA; T. E. B. Braed to JD, September 6, 1870, JD Papers, MC; Benjamin to JD, September 6, 1870, and JD to A. J. Beresford Hope, October 6, 1870, JDC, VII, 279–81.
59. Memoir, II, 811; VD to JD, June n.d., 1870, JD Papers, UA; JD to Charles Stoess, October 9, 1870, JD and Family Papers, MDAH.
60. JD to [Lise Mitchell], October 24, 1870, Mitchell Papers, TU.
61. JD to VD, October 27, November 1, 1870, JD Papers, UA; Memoir, II, 811.
62. Memoir, II, 811 (first quotation); JD to VD, June 7 (seventh quotation), 30 (third and fourth quotations), September 2, 29 (second quotation), 1871, to Polly, February 11, June 29, 1871, September 7, 1872 (eighth quotation), to “My Baby of All the World,” October 22, 1871 (sixth quotation), JD Papers, UA; JD to Polly, October 26, 1871 (fifth quotation), JD Papers, TR; JD to Mary Stamps, May 8, December 7, 1872, April 2, 1873, Stamps Papers, UNC; JD to Lise Mitchell, February 7, 1871, Mitchell Papers, TU; JD to James Phelan, August 6, 1872, JDC, VII, 326–27.
63. JD to Louise Helm, October 29, 1872 (copy, first quotation), JD-Charles J. Helm Correspondence, UM; JD to William Walthall, October 25, 1872 (second quotation), JDC, VII, 332; JD to Virginia Clay, December 14, 1872 (third quotation), Clay Papers, DU; JD to Lucinda Stamps, January 4, 1873 (fourth quotation), Hudson Strode, ed., Jefferson Davis: Private Letters, 1823–1889 (New York, 1966), 361; JD to Lise Mitchell, March 21, 1873 (fifth quotation), Mitchell Papers, TU; JD to VD, July 12, August 12, 24, 1873, to Polly, August 1, 1873, JD Papers, UA.
64. JD to VD, July 12, 14, 17, 21, 27 (first quotation), August 24 (second quotation), fragment [August 25], August 26, 1873, JD Papers, UA; JD to Wade Hampton, September 6, 1873, Hampton Family Papers, SCL; JD to A. M. Clayton, August 28, 1873 (typescript), JD-Clayton Letters, UM; JD to Virginia Clay, September 8, 1874, Clay Papers, DU.
65. JD to VD, September 7 (first quotation), October 16, November 5, 6, 10, 1873, JD Papers, UA; JD to Mary Stamps, November 23, 1873 (second quotation), Stamps Papers, UNC; JD to Maj. L. Meriwether, September 6, 1873 (fourth quotation), to Mrs. Meriwether, September 6, 1873 (third quotation), Minor T. Meriwether Collection, West Tennessee Historical Society, Memphis; JD to Virginia Clay, September 9, 1873, Clay Papers, DU; JD to Jubal Early, October 21, 1873 (fifth quotation), JD Papers, ibid.; JD to Wade Hampton, September 20, 1873, Hampton Family Papers, SCL; JD to Louise Helm, October 20, 1873 (copy), JD-Helm Correspondence, UM; JD to Preston Johnston, October 27, 1873, Johnston Papers, TU; JD to VD, January 8, 1874, Strode, ed., JD: Private Letters, 377.
66. JD to VD, January 8, 1874, Strode, ed., JD: Private Letters, 377; W. B. Pittman to JD, June 25, 1874 (quotation), JD Papers, MC; Mary Virginia Montgomery Diary, May 1, 1872, Benjamin Montgomery Family Papers, LC. On the estate and JD as executor, see Everett, Brierfield, chap. 10, and Hermann, Pursuit, 147–50, 172–73, 201–04, 206–07.
67. JD to Johnston, November 16 (first quotation), December 7, 1873, Johnston Papers, TU; JD to VD, January 5 (third quotation), 16 (second quotation), 18, 26, 1874, and VD to JD, January 1, 17, n.d. (final quotation), 1874, JD Papers, UA; JD to VD, January 8, 1874 (fourth quotation), and VD to JD, January 12, 1874 (fifth quotation), Strode, ed., JD: Private Letters, 377–78, 378–80.
68. JD to VD, January 26 (first quotation), February 15, 17, 26 (second quotation), March 15 (third quotation), 29, April 1, 13, 26 (fourth quotation), 1874, JD Papers, UA; JD to Polly, February 24, 1874, JD Papers, TR; JD to Mrs. S. A. Ayres, August 19, 1874, Alfred P. James, ed., “Two Unpublished Letters of Jefferson Davis,” MVHR, XXV (March 1939), 540–42 (fifth quotation); Mann to JD, March 17, 1874, JDC, VII, 383; J. H. Van Evrie to JD, June 16, 1874, JD Papers, MC; JD to [Virginia Clay], August 30, 1874, Clay Papers, DU.
69. VD to JD, March 8, 1874, and JD to VD, April 1, 1874 (first quotation), JD Papers, UA; JD to Louise Helm, July 31, 1874 (copy, second quotation), JD-Helm Correspondence, UM; JD to W. P. Johnston, August 22, 1874, Johnston Papers, TU.
70. JD to VD, November 6, 1873, JD Papers, UA; JD, Jr., to JD, April 19, 1874, JD and Family Papers, MDAH; JD to JD, Jr., July 21, 1874 (first four quotations), JD to Johnston, August 22, 1874, March 22, April 3 (fifth quotation), 1875, Johnston Papers, TU; Francis H. Smith to JD, August 26, 1874, JDC, VII, 397; JD to Mary Stamps, April 16, 1875 (final quotation), Stamps Papers, UNC.
71. JD to A. M. Clayton, August 28, 1873 (typescript, first quotation), JD-Clayton Letters, UM; JD to Armistead Burt, November 28, 1871 (second, third, fourth quotations), JD Papers, DU; New York Times, January 3, 1874 (fifth quotation); JDC, VII, 363–78; JD to A. D. Mann, November 7, 1871, Montague Collection, NYPL.
72. JD to M. J. Dean, February 23, 1871 (copy, first quotation), Mrs. T. Walker Moore, Rosenberg, Tex. (1970); Felix Robertson to JD, November 14, 1869, John Reagan to JD, June 9, 1875, Lanier to JD, January 16, 1875, JD Papers, MC; JD to Armistead Burt, November 28, 1871 (third quotation), JD Papers, DU; James G. Blaine, Twenty Years of Congress: From Lincoln to Garfield… (2 vols.; Norwich, Conn., 1884), II, 554–55; Dorris, Pardon, 380–83.
73. JD to Armistead Burt, November 28, 1871 (first quotation), JD Papers, DU; JD to Lise Mitchell, November 30 (second quotation), December 30 (fourth, fifth quotations), 1869, Mitchell Papers, TU; JD to [Lucinda Boyle], June 4, 1868 (third quotation), JD Family Papers, LSU; JD to Virginia Clay, March 29, 1871 (typescript, sixth quotation), Clay Papers, DU.
74. Re: Brierfield suit: Bowmar and 55 Mississippi Reports, 671–814 (1878) (lawyer quotations 734, 738); re: JD’s activities: JD to VD, October 23, 1874 (second quotation), March 10, May 31, June 1, 5, 9 (first quotation), 12, 14, October 22, 28, 1875, January 11, 1876, JD Papers, UA; JD to VD, October 30, 1874, JD and Family Papers, MDAH; JD to Mrs. Meriwether, January 28, 1876, Meriwether Collection, West Tennessee Historical Society; JD to Mary Stamps, July 29, [1874?], Stamps Papers, UNC; Ben Montgomery to Lise Mitchell, July 12, 1874, Mitchell Papers, TU.
75. JD to VD, February 22, 23, June 24, 1875, March 22, 25, 1876, to Margaret Davis, June 20, 1875, and T. G. Dabney to Dr. J. H. D. Bowmar, May 27, 1871, JD Papers, UA; JD to James Robb, October 25, 1867, Gilder-Lehrman Collection, J. Pierpont Morgan Library, New York, to Dr. J. H. D. Bowmar, October 18, 1883, Old Courthouse Museum, Vicksburg; J. R. Hamilton to JD, August 2, 1874, and Albert Janin to JD, September 9, 1879, JD Papers, MC; Wm. M. Gwin to JD, December 1, 2, 11, 1875, JDC, VII, 466–69.
76. JD to VD, May 6, 15 (quotation), 1875, JD Papers, UA.
77. JD to A. D. Mann, August 6, 1875 (quotation), JDC, VII, 427; JD to Mary Stamps, June 13, August 8, 1875, Stamps Papers, UNC.
78. Coke to JD, June 14, 1875, and JD to Coke, July 8, 1875, Charles F. Arrowood, “The Election of Jefferson Davis to the Presidency of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas,” SHQ, IL (October 1945), 294–95; VD to JD, March 3, 1875, JD Papers, UA.
79. JD to A. D. Mann, August 6, 1875, JDC, VII, 427; JD to William Walthall, November 14, 1875, William Walthall Papers, MDAH; JD to W. P. Johnston, August 22, November 27, 1874, Johnston Papers, TU; JD to W. T. Cordner, December 7, 1876, JDC, VII, 520–23, and December 27, 1876, Boston Public Library.
80. JD to VD, September 9, 12, 16, 1875, JD Papers, UA; New York Times, September 11, 1875; William E. Parrish, “Jefferson Davis Comes to Missouri,” Missouri Historical Review, LVII (July 1963), 344–56 (description on 354).
81. JD to VD, September 21, 23 (quotation), 1875, JD Papers, UA.
82. JD to VD, October 9, 10 (quotation), 1875, ibid.
83. JD to VD, September 23, November 11, December 3, 1875, ibid.; JD to A. D. Mann, December 11, 1875, JD Association Collection, RU; JD to William Walthall, November 14, 1875, Walthall Papers, MDAH.
84. N.80; Memphis Daily Appeal, December 5, 1875; JDC, VII, 499–507.
85. JDC, VII, 422–26, 434–40.
86. JD to VD, November 18, 1875, JD Papers, UA.
87. JD to VD, November 11, 1875 (first quotation), ibid.; JD to Polly, January 19, 1876 (remaining quotations), JD a
nd Family Papers, MDAH; PJD, I, 522, V, 119n.
88. JD to VD, January 15, 22, 28, 31, March 15, 22, 25, 31, April 22, 1876, to Polly, May 27, 1876, JD Papers, UA; JD to William Walthall, May 3, 1876, JDC, VII, 512.
89. JD to VD, June 20, 24, 1876, to Winnie, September 21, 1876 (quotations), JD Papers, UA; Memoir, II, 824; JD to A. D. Mann, August 12, 1876, William P. Palmer Collection of Civil War Manuscripts, WRHS.
90. JD to VD, October 22, 25, 31, November 25, 1876, JD Papers, UA; JD to VD, October 29, 1876 (quotation), JD Papers, UA; JD to A. D. Mann, November 10, 1876, Palmer Collection, WRHS.
91. JD to VD, November 25, December 9, 24 (quotations), 1876, and JD, Jr., to VD, December 1, 1875, JD Papers, UA; JD to W. T. Cordner, December 7, 1876, JDC, VII, 520–23.
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN: “The Duty of Doing Justice to the Cause”
1. JD to VD, January [i], 1877, JD Papers, UA; J. R. Davis to W. T. Walthall, January 26, 1877, William T. Walthall Papers, MDAH (all other citations are from this collection). Bertram Wyatt-Brown has a perceptive discussion of Sarah Dorsey in his The House of Percy: Honor, Melancholy, and Imagination in a Southern Family (New York, 1994), chaps. 6–8. On Beauvoir, see Beauvoir Subject File, MDAH, St. Louis Globe Democrat, April 12, 1883 (quotation), Chicago Times, November 11, 1880.
2. JD to Polly, February 1, 1877, JD Papers, UA; Dorsey to W. T. Walthall, April 3, 5, May 1 (quotation), 1877, JDC, VII, 528, 529, 536; JD to A. D. Mann, April 25, 1878, A. Dudley Mann Papers, LSU; William Walthall Diary, March 4 (second quotation), April 18, December 25, 1877, Walthall Papers (all other citations to this diary are from this collection); Wyatt-Brown, House of Percy, 164; VD to JD, August 2, 1877 (quotation), and JD to Addison Hayes, October 22, 1877, JD Papers, UA.
3. VD to JD, September 9, 1877 (first quotation), Polly to VD, June 9, 1877, JD to Polly, November 8, 1878, JD Papers, UA; VD to JD, [April 18, 1878] (second quotation), JD Papers, Rosemonde E. and Emile Kuntz Collection, TU; Ishbel Ross, First Lady of the South: The Life of Mrs. Jefferson Davis (New York, 1958), 328–29.
4. See chapter seventeen, note 4 above, for VD; Joseph to JD, June 30, 1867, JD and Family Papers, MDAH; JD to A. M. Clayton, September 16, 1869, JD-Clayton Letters, UM; Johnston to JD, December 11, 1870, JD Papers, MC; JD to Johnston, December 7, 1873, January 7, 14, 1874, Johnston Papers, TU.
5. JD to A. M. Clayton, September 10, 1869 (first quotation), Davis-Clayton Letters, UM; JD to Jubal Early, September 29, 1878 (third, fourth quotations), JD Papers, DU; JD to F. Stringfellow, August 21, 1878 (fifth quotation), Frank Stringfellow Papers, UVA; VD to JD, August 2, 1877 (second quotation), JD Papers, TR.
6. JD to R. C. Holland, July 25, 1881 (first quotation), JDC, VIII, 6; JD to M. N. Peters, December 9, 1871 (second quotation), Simon J. Gratz Autograph Collection, HSP; JD to R. M. Orme, November 24, 1887 (copy, third quotation), Laurie C. Eason, Violet, La. (1980); JD to Judah Benjamin, May 4, 1874 (copy, fourth quotation), Pierce Butler Collection, TU.
7. JD to Walthall, November 28, 1874, Walthall Papers; JD to Jubal Early, September 29, 1878, JD Papers, DU.
8. Turnbull Bros. to Walthall, October 16, 1875, and H. C. Turnbull to Walthall, November 5, 17, 1875, H. C. Turnbull to JD, January 14, 1876, JD to Walthall, October 29, 1875, January 24, February 19, August 3, 1876, Walthall Papers.
9. The Walthall Papers contain numerous letters from the Appleton Company and from Derby to Walthall in 1876, as well as copies of the contract and amendments.
10. For gathering, see JDC, VII, VIII passim, and JD to Walthall, 1876–78 passim, Walthall Papers; re: Washington: Walthall to JD, November 30, December 3, 1878, ibid., and W. P. Johnston to JD, January 29, 1879, JD Papers, MC; William Harris Bragg, “Charles C. Jones, Jr. and the Mystery of Lee’s Lost Dispatches,” Georgia Historical Quarterly, LXXII (Fall 1988), 429–62.
11. Dorsey to Walthall, February 23, May 1, 1877, JDC, VII, 523, 536–37; JD to L. B. Northrop, November 1, 1879, ibid., VIII, 423; JD to A. D. Mann, April 25, 1878, and VD to Mann, November 26, 1879, William P. Palmer Collection of Civil War Miscellany, WRHS; VD to Walthall, [July 25, 1879], Walthall Papers; JD to Addison Hayes, January 19, 1879, JD-Joel Addison Hayes, Jr., Papers, UM; Walthall to S. D. Lee, November 17, 1879, Stephen D. Lee Papers, UNC (I am grateful to Bradley G. Bond for this reference).
12. Dorsey to Miss Bettie Hooks, February 10, 1877 (copy), Edward F. McCrossin, Jr., Pittsburgh (1972); JD to W. P. Johnston, April 14, 1877, Johnston Papers, TU; JD to Walthall, February 6, 1877, JDC, VII, 523; Dorsey to Walthall, February 23, March 10, 14, 1877, ibid., 523, 525, 526, 527; Walthall Diary, June–December 1877 passim; Memoir, II, 829.
13. The Walthall Papers contain numerous letters from Appleton to Walthall, e.g., March 9, 1878, July 15, 31, 1879; re: Tenney, Appleton to Walthall, December 7, 1877, and Tenney to Walthall, December 18, 1877; circular dated August 1877, and Derby to Walthall, August 22, 1877, ibid.
14. J. C. Derby, Fifty Years Among Authors, Books and Publishers (New York, 1884), 493–97; JD to Derby, February 14, 1880, ibid., 496; Walthall to JD, February 10, 1881, JDC, VIII, 592–94, and May 8, 1888, JD Papers, MC; VD to “My Dear Joe & Maggie,” March 28, [1880] (copy), Mrs. J. D. Marret, Stonington, Conn. (1970), to Derby, April 28, 1880, Gratz Collection, HSP; JD to Benjamin Hill, July 30, 1880, University of Notre Dame; JD to Virginia Clay, July 30, 1882, C. C. Clay Papers, DU; JD to A. D. Mann, May 16, 1881, Breckinridge Long Papers (Autograph Collection), LC.
15. Walthall to JD, February 10, 1881, JDC, VIII, 592–94, to Wirt Adams, January 27, 1881 (copy), Walthall Papers.
16. VD to Winnie, April 25, 1880 (first quotation), May n.d., 1881 (second quotation), JD Papers, UA; JD’s copy of R&F is in MC (I am grateful to the late Gary A. Crump for this translation).
17. R&F, I, 80.
18. L. B. Northrop to JD, July 25, 1881, JDC, IX, 4–6; W. N. Pendleton to JD, September 6, 1881, JD Papers, MC; SHSP, IX (June 1881), 285–88; Atlantic Monthly, XLVIII (July 1881), 405–11; The Dial, II (July 1881), 55–57; The Nation, XXXIII (July 7, 14, 1881), 10–12, 35–37.
19. Derby, Fifty Years, 497; D. Appleton & Company to W. L. Fleming, March 13, 1907, Walter L. Fleming Papers, NYPL; T. K. Oglesby to JD, July 29, 1881, JD Papers, MC; Wirt Adams to Walthall, September 1, 1881, and D. Appleton & Co. to Walthall, January 10, 1877, Walthall Papers; JD to D. Appleton & Co., January 31, 1889, to James Redpath, April 24, 1889, JDC, X, 97–98, 108; Thomas A. Bryson, “A Lawsuit Concerning the Publication of Jefferson Davis’s The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government,” Georgia Historical Quarterly, LIV (Winter 1970), 540–52, and “A Note on Jefferson Davis’s Lawsuit Against Appleton Publishing Company,” JMH, XXXIII (May 1971), 149–65. Appleton’s records were destroyed by fire.
20. On the Southern Historical Society and its context, see esp. Gaines M. Foster’s superb Ghosts of the Confederacy: Defeat, the Lost Cause, and the Emergence of the New South (New York, 1987), chap. 4, and Charles C. Osborne, Jubal: The Life and Times of General Jubal A. Early, CSA, Defender of the Lost Cause (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1992), chap. 27.
21. Jones to Walthall, April 5, 1877, Walthall Papers; Jones to JD, December 5, 1877 (first and second quotations), December 23, 1882, JDC, VIII, 56, IX, 197; Jones to JD, May 19, 1880 (third and fourth quotations), JD Papers, MC, and January 6, 1882 (sixth quotation), JDC, IX, 141–42; ibid., 162–70 (address); JD to Early, April 11, 1882, JD Papers, DU.
22. JD to Jones, May 15, 1877 (first two quotations), JDC, VII, 539–40, November 22, 1883 (third quotation), JD Papers, MC.
23. JD to Early, June 1, 1877, February 2, 1878 (harmonizers), January 21, 1879, March 4, 18, 1882, June 17, 1883, July 8 (quotation), September 14, 1888, JD Papers, DU, December 17, 1877, December 23, 1878, Early Family Papers, VHS; Early to JD, November 29, 1879, JD Papers, MC, August 8, 1888, JD Papers, UA; JD to W. O. Gregory, September 24, 1884, JD Papers, DU; VD to Col. Marchant, June 8, 1889 (no collection), VHS. On Early and the Louisiana State Lottery, see Osborne, Jubal, chap. 25.
24. JD to J. W. Jones, D
ecember 11, 1877, JD Papers, MC; JD to Jubal Early [n.d., but late 1870s] (first quotation), JD Papers, DU; JD to W. N. Pendleton, June 21, 1881 (remaining quotations), University Papers, W&L.
25. Benjamin to JD, December 20, 1868, and Thomas Reynolds to JD, January 4, 1883, JD Papers, MC; Early to JD, September 29, [1878], JD Papers, DU; JD to Walthall, February 5, 1882, Walthall Papers; JD to Lucius Northrop, November 6, 1884, A. Conger Goodyear Collection, Beinecke Library, Yale University; JD to E. G. W. Butler, August 31, 1883, E. G. W. Butler Papers, DU.
26. Beauregard to Gen. Marcus Wright, June 20, 1881 (first quotation), Letterbook, Pierre G. T. Beauregard Papers, LC; Thomas Jordan to Beauregard, October 22, 1868 (second quotation), Gratz Collection, HSP; Johnston, Narrative of Military Operations Directed During the Late War Between the States (New York, 1874), and Alfred Roman, The Military Operations of General Beauregard (2 vols.; New York, 1883), which is really Beauregard’s book, though he is not listed as the author; Robert U. Johnson and Clarence C. Buel, eds., Battles and Leaders of the Civil War (4 vols., New York, 1887–88), I, 196–227, 240–59, 569–93, II, 202–18, III, 472–82, IV, 260–77; JDC, VIII, IX passim has many letters concerning Beauregard and Johnston; on the money matter, see IX, 31–38.
27. JD to L. B. Northrop, April 9, 1879 (first quotation), to Early, November 20, 1884 (second quotation), JD Papers, DU; VD to W. E. Dodd, June 16, 1905 (third quotation), William E. Dodd Papers, LC; Robert Underwood Johnson, Remembered Yesterdays (Boston, 1923), 200; for JD and First Manassas, see JD to Milledge L. Bonham, July 5, 1877, Milledge L. Bonham Papers, SCL, to Early, February 27, 1878, April 20, 1884, JD Papers, DU.
28. William N. Pendleton to JD, July 15, 1882, Early to JD, April 1, May 2, 1883, JDC, IX, 177–78, 205–06, 212; JD to J. W. Jones, June 24, 1883 (quotation), JD Papers, DU; JD to G. W. C. Lee, June 18, 1883 (typescript), JD Papers, UA.
29. JDC, IX, 472–90 (first quotation 475); JD to “My Dear Friend,” August 13, 1886 (second quotation), JD Letters, UT.