Kenneth Clark
Page 56
9. ‘Monty’, an unpublished manuscript by Charles G. Stevens, Winchester G255/5
10. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.76
11. Ibid., p.39
12. Ibid., p.56
13. ‘Apologia of an Art Historian’, the Inaugural Address on the occasion of his election as President of the Associated Societies of the University of Edinburgh, 15 November 1950
14. Letter to Myfanwy Piper dated ‘Saturday’, c.late 1940s, Tate Piper Archive 200410/1/1/793
15. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.75
16. Letter to Janet Stone, 9 September 1955, Bodleian Library. Interestingly, Cyril Connolly was also to make something of a cult of this story at Oxford
17. Kelley (ed.), From Osborne House to Wheatfen Broad: Memoirs of Phyllis Ellis, p.37
18. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.65
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid., p.72
21. Letter to Colin Anderson, 14 January 1980, Tate 8812/1/3/51–100
22. Clark was to give the address at Brown’s memorial service, reproduced at the front of Brown’s posthumous memoirs, Exhibition
23. ‘Monty’, an unpublished manuscript by Charles G. Stevens, Winchester G255/4
24. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.62
25. Now in the Delon Archive with Rendall’s card
26. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.64
27. Ibid., p.58
28. Speech to the National Trust, 8 March 1965, Festival Hall. He mischievously added, ‘Who would fight to save Dolphin Square?’
29. Letter to Janet Stone, 24 August 1954, Bodleian Library
30. Secrest, Kenneth Clark, p.39
31. Sparrow was to publish Donne’s Devotions at the Cambridge University Press when he had just turned seventeen
32. The Wykehamist, 3 March 1922, p.159
33. Secrest, Kenneth Clark, p.44
34. Tate 8812/2/2/270
35. Brivati, Hugh Gaitskell, p.8
Chapter 4: Oxford
1. Delon Archive
2. The late Lord Quinton
3. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.94
4. Ibid., p.95
5. Robert Longden (1904–40), headmaster of Wellington College, killed by a stray bomb that fell on the school
6. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.97. It was a matter of extreme regret to Clark that the letters were burnt in a fire caused by an electrical fault at Upper Terrace House in Hampstead
7. The title stemmed from Bowra’s standard answer whenever asked anybody’s age
8. Isaiah Berlin, Letters: Vol. III, p.458
9. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.100
10. Connolly, The Evening Colonnade, p.40
11. Bowra, Memories, pp.160–1
12. British Library National Sound Archive, Disc 199, ‘Maurice Bowra’, BBC, 1 August 1972
13. Letter to Wesley Hartley, 19 February 1959, Delon Archive
14. Letter from Cyril Connolly to Noel Blakiston, 3 August 1926. Connolly, A Romantic Friendship: The Letters of Cyril Connolly to Noel Blakiston, p.156
15. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.112
16. Jacob Burckhardt (1818–97), author of Der Cicerone and The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy
17. Lecture, ‘The Study of Art History’, probably given to the Courtauld Institute c.1950. Copy in possession of the author
18. ‘Walter Pater’, in Clark’s collection of lectures Moments of Vision, p.130
19. Letter to Benedict Nicolson, 13 December 1934, private collection, copy at the Burlington Magazine
20. C.F. Bell (1871–1966), Keeper of Fine Art Department, Ashmolean Museum, 1909–31
21. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.106
22. John Sutro (1903–85), the founder of the celebrated Oxford Railway Club, which gave banquets on trains. He became a film producer
23. Review of Pissarro by A. Tavarant and The Way to Sketch by Vernon Blake, both in the Cherwell, 6 June 1925, and review of Relation in Art by Vernon Blake in Oxford Outlook, Vol. VIII, No. 36, January 1926
24. Letter to C.K. Simond, 25 June 1969, Tate 8812/1/4/89. Discussing David’s painting The Oath of the Tennis Court, Clark made the surprising statement, ‘I used to be a devotee of tennis; in fact I played for Oxford’
25. Bowra, Memories, p.160
26. Later Sir Colin Anderson (1904–80), chairman of P&O and a major patron of art
27. Later 5th Baron Sackville (1901–65); he would live with the Clarks at Upton during the war
28. Mark Amory, Sunday Times Magazine, 6 October 1974
29. Review by Anthony Powell of Meryle Secrest, Kenneth Clark, Daily Telegraph, 14 September 1984
30. Letter from David Knowles to Clark, 22 July 1973, I Tatti
31. Letter to his father, 4 February 1925, Saltwood
32. Letter to his mother, 12 June 1924, Saltwood
33. Ibid., 22 July 1924
34. Ibid., 23 July 1924
35. Michael Sadler (1861–1943) was the Master of University College who acquired paintings by Cézanne, Gauguin and Kandinsky
36. Introduction to 1962 edition of The Gothic Revival, p.9
37. Mark Pattison (1813–84), Oxford don, priest and literary figure
38. Letter from Bowra to Clark, 8 August 1925, I Tatti
Chapter 5: Florence, and Love
1. Manuscript, John Murray Archive
2. Ibid.
3. Denis Mahon (1910–2011), art historian largely responsible for the re-evaluation of seventeenth-century Italian painting, who was always profoundly grateful for Clark’s early support
4. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.127
5. Mariano, Forty Years with Berenson, p.132
6. Letter to his father, 16 September 1925, Saltwood
7. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.128
8. Letter to his father, 16 September 1925, Saltwood
9. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.131
10. Review by Anthony Powell of Secrest, Kenneth Clark, Daily Telegraph, 14 September 1984
11. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.132
12. Letter to his mother from Poggio Gherardo, 29 September 1925, Saltwood
13. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.132
14. Letter to Berenson, 10 October 1925, Cumming (ed.), My Dear BB, p.6
15. Talk given on 12 February 1926, Trinity College Archives
16. Taped conversation by Bevis Hillier, in possession of author
17. Letter to Mary Berenson, 20 January 1926, Cumming (ed.), My Dear BB, p.9
18. Tribble, A Chime of Words: The Letters of Logan Pearsall Smith, pp.113–14
19. Mariano, Forty Years with Berenson, p.133
20. Mrs Mark Pattison on Walter Pater’s prose
21. Tribble, A Chime of Words: The Letters of Logan Pearsall Smith, p.23
22. Letter to Mary Berenson, 31 March 1926, Cumming (ed.), My Dear BB, p.12
23. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.188
24. E.M. Forster, Two Cheers for Democracy, p.113
25. Caroline Elam points out that Fry was far more interested in subject-matter than is generally realised: see his writings about Piero di Cosimo’s Forest Fire when it was first exhibited at the Burlington Fine Arts Club in 1921. Fry worries away at the subject-matter, and it’s clear that he has read Lucretius’s De Rerum Natura in order to do so. See Burlington Magazine, Vol. XXXVIII, 1921, pp.131–8
26. Letter to his mother, 10 June 1926, Saltwood
27. Letter to Janet Stone, 8 June 1977, Bodleian Library
28. She later married Clark’s Winchester contemporary Lord Eccles
29. Letter to his mother, 3 August 1926, from St Ermin’s Hotel, Westminster
30. Letter to John Sparrow, 25 August 1926, All Souls College
31. Letter to his mother, 3 September 1926, Saltwood
32. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.115
33. Letter to his mother, 21 September 1926, from Dresden. Clark was never to feel entirely comfort
able with Germany, despite admiring its music, literature and architecture
34. Kenneth, Alan, Colin and Russell
35. Information from Colette Clark
Chapter 6: BB
1. Clark, ‘Aesthete’s Progress’, John Murray Archive, p.15
2. Letter to Leon Pomerance, 6 May 1971, Tate 8812/1/4/198
3. See their New History of Painting in Italy from the Second to the Sixteenth Century (1864–66)
4. BBC documentary on Berenson, 1970, script at Tate 8812/1/4/55
5. Joseph Duveen (1869–1937) was born into a family of Dutch origin. He became the leading international dealer in Old Master paintings of his day, and was eventually knighted and given a peerage for his generous gifts to British galleries and museums
6. BBC documentary on Berenson, 1970, script at Tate 8812/1/4/55
7. Umberto Morra (1897–1981), Virginia Woolf’s Italian translator
8. Burlington Magazine leader on Berenson, Vol. CII, No. 690, September 1960, p.383
9. Ibid.
10. Samuels, Bernard Berenson: The Making of a Legend, p.348
11. Strachey and Samuels (eds), Mary Berenson: Letters and Diaries, p.258
12. Colette was staying at the Old Rectory at Litton Cheney in Dorset, the home of Reynolds and Janet Stone
13. Letter to Janet Stone, 21 April 1962, Bodleian Library
14. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.161
15. Ibid., p.164
16. Letter to John Sparrow, 19 December 1926, All Souls College
17. ‘The Sage of Art’, Sunday Times Magazine, 11 October 1959
18. Letter to Mary Berenson, 11 January[?] 1927, from St Ermin’s Hotel, Cumming (ed.), My Dear BB, p.25
19. Strachey and Samuels (eds), Mary Berenson: Letters and Diaries, p.263
20. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.168
21. Ibid.
22. Letter to Mary Berenson, 8 February 1927, Cumming (ed.), My Dear BB, p.26
23. Strachey and Samuels (eds), Mary Berenson: Letters and Diaries, p.275
24. David Pryce-Jones, Cyril Connolly, p.95
25. Cyril Connolly to Noel Blakiston, 21 March 1927, Connolly, A Romantic Friendship: The Letters of Cyril Connolly to Noel Blakiston, p.289
26. Letter to Cyril Connolly, undated, University of Tulsa
27. Letter to Charles Bell, undated, from St Ermin’s Hotel, Ashmolean Museum
28. Strachey and Samuels (eds), Mary Berenson: Letters and Diaries, p.275
29. Letter to Berenson, 21 June 1935, Cumming (ed.), My Dear BB, p.415
30. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.152
31. Letter from Berenson, 21 October 1937, Cumming (ed.), My Dear BB, p.190
32. Letter to Berenson, 1 January 1938, ibid., p.192
33. William Mostyn-Owen, ‘Bernard Berenson and Kenneth Clark: A Personal View’, in Joseph Connors and Louis A. Waldman (eds), Bernard Berenson, pp.231–47, I Tatti, The Harvard University Center, 2014
34. Ibid.
35. Ibid.
Chapter 7: The Gothic Revival
1. Clark, The Gothic Revival, p.224
2. He is referring to the Jacquemart-André Museum Baldovinetti painting in Paris, Cumming (ed.), My Dear BB, p.30
3. Letter to Mary Berenson, 15 June 1928, ibid., p.35
4. T.S. Boase (1898–1974), historian of the Crusades turned art historian; director of the Courtauld Institute 1937; President of Magdalen College, Oxford, 1947; Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University 1958–1960. Clark later found that he disagreed with him on almost everything
5. Letter to Mary Berenson, 15 June 1928, Cumming (ed.), My Dear BB, p.35
6. Ibid., p.36
7. His 1928 contract with Constable’s gave Clark a royalty of 15 per cent on home sales, and 10 per cent in the British colonies and dominions, Tate 8812/1/4/122–127
8. The whole story is set out by C.F. Bell in a feline handwritten ‘Introduction’ that he bound into his own copy of The Gothic Revival housed at RIBA. The early chapters probably relied more on Bell’s notes than Clark acknowledged. I am grateful to Dr Ayla Lepine for pointing out this document
9. Ibid.
10. Clark, The Gothic Revival, Introduction, p.9
11. Ibid., p.2
12. Ibid., p.9
13. The High Anglican movement that exercised influence on ‘correct’ Gothic during the 1840s–50s
14. Letter to the Director, Prints and Drawings, V&A, 24 February 1927, Glasgow University, Laver Archive C23
15. Clark, The Gothic Revival, Introduction, p.4
16. Geoffrey Scott, The Architecture of Humanism
17. Review in Architectural Review, Vol. LXV, June 1929, pp.302–5
18. Review in Quarterly of the Incorporation of Architects in Scotland, 1929, p.22. Sir John Summerson, CH (1904–92) was to become the leading British architectural historian
19. In No 35, a magazine, ‘At The Architectural Association’, Autumn 1929, pp.5–12. Stephen Dykes Bower (1903–94) was a church architect and Gothic Revivalist
20. Times Literary Supplement, 8 November 1928, p.823
21. The son of the collector Michael Sadler, who added an ‘i’ to his surname
22. Clark, The Gothic Revival, Introduction, p.1
23. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.174
24. Letter to his mother, 16 February 1929, Saltwood
25. Letter to Berenson, 7 November 1928, Cumming (ed.), My Dear BB, pp.40–1
26. Clark, notebook, Tate 8812/2/1/20
27. See Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.108; also ‘The Study of Art History’, lecture probably given to the Courtauld Institute c.1950. Copy in possession of the author
28. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.108
29. ‘Motives will be pure Warburg and will be my best book.’ BBC, ‘Interview with Basil Taylor’, 8 October 1974, British Library National Sound Archive, Disc 196
30. Letter from Berenson to Clark, dated ‘May 1929’, I Tatti
Chapter 8: The Italian Exhibition
1. Undated letter, I Tatti
2. Francis Haskell, ‘Botticelli in the Service of Fascism’, in The Ephemeral Museum
3. Clark, ‘Aesthete’s Progress’, John Murray Archive
4. Sir Robert Witt (1872–1952), a British drawings collector who was to be one of the three founders of the Courtauld Institute of Art, where the photographic reference library is named after him
5. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.181
6. Francis Haskell, ‘Botticelli in the Service of Fascism’, in The Ephemeral Museum, p.112
7. Ibid., pp.121–2
8. Lord Lee of Fareham (1865–1947), politician, art-world operator and collector, who would later play a major role in Clark’s life
9. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, pp.177–8
10. This is partially contradicted in a letter to Berenson (undated, March 1930, I Tatti), in which Clark claims not to have catalogued the pictures from English and American collections
11. Letter to Umberto Morra, undated, I Tatti
12. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.182. There were in fact two catalogues, one which went with the exhibition, and a larger ‘commemorative’ catalogue published in 1931
13. Clark, ‘Aesthete’s Progress’, John Murray Archive
14. Henry ‘Bogey’ Harris (1870–1950) was a collector friend of Clark’s at whose sale he bought several drawings (see letter to Berenson, 8 December 1950). Harris’s collecting mentor was Herbert Horne (1864–1916), whose collection may still be visited at the Museo della Fondazione Horne in Florence
15. St John Hornby (1867–1946), joint founder of the stationers W.H. Smith, and owner of the Ashendene Press
16. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.184
17. Ibid., p.189. Abraham Warburg (1866–1929), always known as ‘Aby’, whose approach and library were to change the face of art history. Clark was later to have a hand in the library coming to London – see also ibid., pp.207–8
18. Ibid., p.189
19. Radio broadcast, BBC Third Programme, 13 June 1948, reprinted JWC Institutes 1947–48
20. Letter to Mme Auerbacher-Weil, 7 October 1970, Tate 8812/1/4/356
21. Lecture, ‘The Study of Art History’, probably given to the Courtauld Institute c.1950. Copy in possession of the author
22. See Clark, ‘Ruskin at Oxford: An Inaugural Lecture’, p.14
23. Lecture, ‘The Study of Art History’, probably given to the Courtauld Institute c.1950. Copy in possession of the author
24. BBC, Let’s Find Out, in which the questions were put by teenagers, 15 February 1966, British Library National Sound Archive
25. Letter to his mother, 1 March 1929, Saltwood
26. Letter to Berenson, 4 June 1931, Cumming (ed.), My Dear BB, p.93
27. Clark, ‘Aesthete’s Progress’, John Murray Archive
28. Letter from Morshead to G.S. Gordon, President of Magdalen, 20 April 1933, I Tatti
29. Letter from Morshead to Clark, 31 October 1928, I Tatti
30. Clark, ‘Aesthete’s Progress’, John Murray Archive
31. ‘A Note on Leonardo da Vinci’, Life and Letters, Vol. II, February 1929, pp.122–32
32. Martin Kemp, Introduction to Folio Society edition of Clark’s Leonardo da Vinci, p.19
33. Letter to his father, 1 November 1929, Saltwood
34. It is now in the Gallery of Western Art in Tokyo
35. Letter to his mother, 18 October 1930, Saltwood
36. Although a socialist, MacDonald was Prime Minister of the National Government at the time
37. Letter to his mother, undated (postmark 1931), Saltwood
38. Pope-Hennessy, Learning to Look, p.27
39. Clark, ‘Aesthete’s Progress’, John Murray Archive
40. Ibid.
Chapter 9: The Ashmolean
1. Letter from Berenson, 10 June 1931, Cumming (ed.), My Dear BB, p.103
2. Letter to Berenson, undated, c.1928, Cumming (ed.), My Dear BB, p.38
3. Ibid., 4 June 1931, pp.94–5
4. Letter from Berenson, 10 June 1931, ibid., p.103
5. Letter to Berenson, 22 June 1931, ibid., p.104
6. Letter from C.F. Bell to Clark, 22 June 1931, I Tatti
7. Letter from C.F. Bell to University Registrar, 24 June 1931, Ashmolean
8. Interview, New Yorker, 10 March 1951, p.27
9. Clark, Another Part of the Wood, p.198
10. Ibid.
11. Tate 8812/1/4/317