by Mike Ashley
A new internet-based organisation is the Society for Arthurian Popular Culture Studies run by Michael A. Torregrossa as part of the King Arthur Forever website. It was established to foster research on Arthurian popular culture from all periods in which representations of the Arthurian legend appear. Its web address is < http://home.att.net/~torregrossa/ >
The Heroic Age is a free on-line journal founded in 1998 and dedicated to the study of Northwestern Europe from the Late Roman Empire to the advent of the Norman Empire. The Publisher is Michelle Ziegler and the web address is < http://members.aol.com/heroicage1/homepage.html >
The major on-line research facility is The Camelot Project at the University of Rochester, established in 1995 to make available in electronic format a database of Arthurian texts, images, bibliographies and basic information. It is designed by Alan Lupack, Director of The Robbins Library, a branch of the Rush Rhees Library, and can be contacted at < www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/cphome.stm >
Other websites of interest include:
“Early British Kingdoms” at < Britannia > run by David Nash Ford, and dedicated to “the history of all those little known kingdoms that existed in Britain during the Age of King Arthur”, at < www.britannia.com/history/ebk/ >
“Faces of Arthur”, a companion site to “Vortigern Studies”, both run by Robert Vermaat, is dedicated to the full range of interests in King Arthur and fifth century studies. At < www.geocities.com/vortigernstudies.org.uk/ >
“Timeless Myths”, which has a special section on the Arthurian romances and tales from Monmouth to Malory, at < www.timelessmyths.com/arthurian/index.html >
“Arthurian A2Z Knowledge Bank”, part of the Mystical World Wide Web, for those who want a quick and easy A–Z guide to Arthurian names. Run by Mell Paul at < www.mystical-www.co.uk/arthuriana2z/index.htm >
BIBLIOGRAPHY
The following lists the major works I consulted in the preparation of this book.
1. History of the late Roman period to the sixth century
Alcock, Leslie, Arthur’s Britain (London: Allen Lane, 1971)
Alcock, Leslie, Economy, Society & Warfare Among the Britons & Saxons (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1987)
Arnold, Christopher J. and Davies, Jeffrey L., Roman and Early Medieval Wales (Stroud: Sutton, 2000)
Barnwell, P.S., Emperor, Prefects & Kings, The Roman West, 395–565 (London: Duckworth, 1992)
Bassett, Steven (editor), The Origins of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms (Leicester University Press, 1989)
Breeze, David J., The Northern Frontiers of Roman Britain (London: Batsford, 1982)
Cleary, A.S., The Ending of Roman Britain (London: Batsford, 1989)
Dark, Ken, Britain and the End of the Roman Empire (Stroud: Tempus, 2000)
Dark, K.R., Civitas to Kingdom (Leicester University Press, 1994)
Davies, Hugh, Roads in Roman Britain (Stroud: Tempus, 2002)
Davies, Wendy, Wales in the Early Middle Ages (Leicester University Press, 1982)
Dillon, Myles and Chadwick, Nora, The Celtic Realms (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1967)
Dornier, Ann, “The Province of Valentia”, Britannia (13), 1982
Dumville, David N., Britons and Anglo-Saxons in the Early Middle Ages (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, 1993)
Ellis, Peter Berresford, Celt and Saxon, The Struggle for Britain ad 410–937 (London: Constable, 1993)
Evans, Stephen S., Lords of Battle (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 1997)
Garmonsway, G.N. (editor, translator), The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (London: Dent, 1953, 1972)
Gelling, Margaret, The West Midlands in the Early Middle Ages (Leicester University Press, 1992)
Giles, J.A., Six Old English Chronicles (London: Bell, 1891)
Giot, Pierre-Roland, Guigon, Philippe and Merdrignac, Bernard, The British Settlement of Brittany (Stroud: Tempus, 2003)
Hill, David, An Atlas of Anglo-Saxon England (Oxford: Blackwell, 1981)
Hood, A.B.E., St Patrick, His Writings and Muirchu’s Life (Chichester: Phillimore, 1978)
Johnson, Stephen, Later Roman Britain (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1980)
Jones, Michael E. and Casey, John, “The Gallic Chronicle Restored”, Britannia (19), 1988
Kirby, D.P., The Earliest English Kings (London: Unwin Hyman, 1991)
Koch, John T., The Gododdin of Aneirin (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1997)
Laing, Lloyd and Jennifer, Anglo-Saxon England (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1979)
Laing, Lloyd and Jennifer, The Origins of Britain (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1980)
Laing, Lloyd, Celtic Britain (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1979)
McClure, Judith and Collins, Roger (editors), Bede, The Ecclesiastical History of the English People (Oxford University Press, 1994)
Marsden, John, Northanhymbre Saga, the History of the Anglo-Saxon Kings of Northumbria (London: Kyle Cathie, 1992)
Maund, Kari, The Welsh Kings (Stroud: Tempus, 2000)
Mongan, Norman, The Menapia Quest (Dublin: Herodotus Press, 1995)
Moorhead, John, The Roman Empire Divided, 400–700 (Harlow: Longman, 2001)
Morris, John, The Age of Arthur (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1973)
Morris, John (editor, translator), Nennius, British History and the Welsh Annals (Chichester: Phillimore, 1980)
Morris, John, Arthurian Sources, Vol.2, Annals and Charters (Chichester: Phillimore, 1995)
Morris, John, Studies in Dark-Age History (Chichester: Phillimore, 1995)
Muhlberger, Steven, “The Gallic Chronicle of 452 and its Authority for British Events”, Britannia (14), 1983
Myres, J.N.L., The English Settlements (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986)
Newton, Sam, The Origins of Beowulf and the Pre-Viking Kingdom of East Anglia (Cambridge: Brewer, 1993)
Ó Cróinín, Dáibhí, Early Medieval Ireland 400–1200 (Harlow: Longman, 1995)
Salway, Peter, Roman Britain (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981)
Snyder, Christopher A., Sub-Roman Britain (Oxford: Hadrian Books, 1996)
Snyder, Christopher A., An Age of Tyrants (Stroud: Sutton, 1998)
Stafford, Pauline, The East Midlands in the Early Middle Ages (Leicester University Press, 1985)
Swanton, Michael (editor, translator), The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (London: Dent, 1996)
Thomas, Charles, Christianity in Roman Britain to AD500 (London: Batsford, 1981)
Thompson, E.A., Saint Germanus of Auxerre and the End of Roman Britain (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 1984)
Thorpe, Lewis (translator), Gregory of Tours, The History of the Franks (London: Penguin, 1974)
Vince, Alan (editor), Pre-Viking Lindsey (City of Lincoln, 1993)
Wacher, John, The Coming of Rome (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1979)
Walker, Ian W., Mercia and the making of England (Stroud: Sutton, 2000)
Williams, Hugh (translator), Gildas (London: David Nutt, 1901).
Williams, Hugh (translator), Two Lives of Gildas (originally, 1889; reprinted, Felinfach: Llanerch, 1990)
Wilson, Roger J.A., A Guide to the Roman Remains in Britain (London: Constable, 4th edition, 2002)
Winterbottom, Michael (editor, translator), Gildas, The Ruin of Britain and Other Works (Chichester: Phillimore, 1978)
Wood, Ian, The Merovingian Kingdoms, 450–751 (Harlow: Longman, 1994)
Yorke, Barbara, Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England (London: Sealby, 1990)
Yorke, Barbara, Wessex in the Early Middle Ages (London: Leicester University Press, 1995)
Zaluckyj, Sarah, Mercia (Almeley: Logaston Press, 2001)
2. Other historical studies, including the Crusades
Biddle, Martin, King Arthur’s Round Table (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2000)
Bouchard, Constance Brittain, Holy Entrepreneurs: Cistercians, Knights and Economic Exchange in Twelfth-Century Burgundy (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991)
Crouch, David, William Marshall, Knighth
ood, War and Chivalry, 1147–1219 (Harlow: Longman, 2002)
Hindley, Geoffrey, The Crusades (London: Constable, 2003)
Hughes, Jonathan, Arthurian Myths and Alchemy — The Kingship of Edward IV (Stroud: Sutton, 2002)
King, Archdale A., Cîteaux and Her Elder Daughters (London: Burns & Oates, 1954)
Nicolle, David, The Crusades (Oxford: Osprey, 2001)
Phillips, Jonathan, The Fourth Crusade and the Sack of Constantinople (London: Jonathan Cape, 2004)
Seward, Desmond, The Monks of War (London: Penguin Books, revised, 1995)
Urban, William, The Teutonic Knights (London: Greenhill, 2003)
Weir, Alison, Eleanor of Aquitaine (London: Cape, 1999)
3. Specific studies and speculations on Arthur and his world
Ashe, Geoffrey, The Discovery of King Arthur (Stroud: Sutton, revised edition, 2003)
Barber, Chris & Pykitt, David, Journey to Avalon (Abergavenny: Blorenge Books, 1993)
Barber, Richard, The Figure of Arthur (Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 1972)
Barber, Richard, King Arthur, Hero and Legend (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, new edition, 1986, 1993).
Blackett, Baram and Wilson, Alan, Artorius Rex Discovered (Cardiff: King Arthur Research, 1985)
Blake, Steve and Lloyd, Scott, The Keys to Avalon (Shaftesbury: Element, 2000)
Blake, Steve and Lloyd, Scott, Pendragon (London: Rider, 2002)
Bruce, Christopher W., The Arthurian Name Dictionary (New York: Garland, 1999)
Carroll, D.F., Arturius - A Quest for Camelot (Goxhill: private, 1996)
Castleden, Rodney, King Arthur, the Truth behind the Legend (London: Routledge, 2000)
Chambers, E.K., Arthur of Britain (London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1927)
Crawford, O.G.S., “Arthur and his Battles”, Antiquity (35), 1935
Dames, Michael, Merlin and Wales, a Magician’s Landscape (London: Thames & Hudson, 2002)
Davidson, Hilda Ellis (editor), Fisher, Peter (translator), Saxo Grammaticus: The History of the Danes, Books I-IX (Cambridge: Brewer, 1996)
Gidlow, Christopher, The Reign of Arthur, From History to Legend (Stroud: Sutton, 2004)
Gilbert, Adrian, Wilson, Alan and Blackett, Baram, The Holy Kingdom (London: Bantam Press, 1998)
Goodrich, Norma Lorre, King Arthur (New York: Franklin Watts, 1986), Merlin (Watts, 1988), Guinevere (HarperCollins, 1992), The Holy Grail (HarperCollins, 1992)
Grimbert, Joan Tasker (editor), Tristan and Isolde, a Casebook (London: Routledge, 2002)
Higham, N.J., King Arthur, Myth-Making and History (London: Routledge, 2002)
Holmes, Michael, King Arthur, a Military History (London: Blandford, 1996)
Kennedy, Edward Donald (editor), King Arthur, a Casebook (London: Routledge, 2002)
Lacy, Norris J. (editor), The New Arthurian Encyclopedia (New York: Garland, 1996)
Littleton, C. Scott & Malcor, Linda A., From Scythia to Camelot (New York: Garland, new edition, 2000)
Markale, Jean, King of the Celts (originally Paris, 1976) (Rochester, VT: Inner Traditions, 1994)
Markale, Jean, Merlin, Priest of Nature (originally Paris, 1981) (Rochester, VT: Inner Traditions, 1995)
Millar, Ronald, Will the Real King Arthur Please Stand Up? (London: Cassell, 1978)
Moffat, Alistair, Arthur and the Lost Kingdoms (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1999)
Phillips, Graham & Keatman, Martin, King Arthur, the True Story (London: Century, 1992)
Reid, Howard, Arthur the Dragon King (London: Headline, 2001)
Reno, Frank D., The Historic King Arthur (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1996)
Reno, Frank D., Historic Figures of the Arthurian Era (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2000)
Snyder, Christopher, Exploring the World of King Arthur (London: Thames & Hudson, 2000)
Tolstoy, Nikolai, The Quest for Merlin (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1985)
Turner, P.F.J, The Real King Arthur (Alaska: SKS, 1993, 2 vols)
Walters, Lori J. (editor), Lancelot and Guinevere, a Casebook (London: Routledge, 2002)
Wildman, S.G., The Black Horsemen (London: Baker, 1971)
4. Arthurian Legends, Romances, Literature, Art and Cinema
For specific romances see references in Chapters 13 to 18
Barron, W.R.J, (editor), The Arthur of the English (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2001)
Bartrum, P.C., Early Welsh Genealogical Tracts (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1966)
Bartrum, Peter C., A Welsh Classical Dictionary (Aberystwyth: National Library of Wales, 1993)
Bromwich, Rachel, Jarman, A.O.H., Roberts, Brynley F. (editors), The Arthur of the Welsh (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1991)
Coe, Jon B. and Young, Simon, The Celtic Sources for the Arthurian Legend (Felinfach: Llanerch, 1995)
Coghlan, Ronan, The Encyclopedia of Arthurian Legends (Shaftesbury: Element, 1991)
Dixon-Kennedy, Mike, Arthurian Myth & Legend (London: Blandford, 1995)
Dover, Carol, A Companion to the Lancelot-Grail Cycle (Cambridge: Brewer, 2003)
Field, P.J.C., The Life and Times of Sir Thomas Malory (Cambridge: Brewer, 1993)
Green, Miranda J., Dictionary of Celtic Myth and Legend (London: Thomas & Hudson, 1992)
Harty, Kevin J., King Arthur on Film (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1999)
Jackson, W.H. and Ranawake, S.A. (editors), The Arthur of the Germans (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2000)
Karr, Phyllis Ann, The Arthurian Companion (Oakland, CA: Green Knight, revised edition, 2001)
Koch, John T. with Carey, John, The Celtic Heroic Age (Aberystwyth: Celtic Studies Publications, 4th edition, 2003)
Loomis, Roger Sherman (editor), Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1959)
Loomis, Roger Sherman, Celtic Myth and Arthurian Romance (New York: Columbia, 1927)
Loomis, Roger Sherman, The Development of Arthurian Romance (London: Hutchinson, 1963)
Lupack, Alan and Lupack, Barbara Tepa, Arthur in America (Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 1999)
Luttrell, Claude, The Creation of the First Arthurian Romance (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1974)
Maier, Bernhard, Dictionary of Celtic Religion and Culture (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 1997)
Mason, Eugene (editor, translator), Arthurian Chronicles: Wace and Layamon (London: Dent, 1962)
Matthews, John, The Song of Taliesin (London: Aquarian Press, 1991)
Merriman, James Douglas, The Flower of Kings, A Study of the Arthurian Legend in England between 1485 and 1835 (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1973)
Padel, O.J., Arthur in Medieval Welsh Literature (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2000)
Roberts, Brynley F., Brut y Brenhinedd (Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1971)
Roberts, Peter (translator), The Chronicle of the Kings of Britain attributed to Tysilio (originally 1811; facsimile reprint, Llanerch, 2000)
Thompson, Raymond H., The Return from Avalon (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1985)
West, G.D., French Arthurian Prose Romances (University of Toronto Press, 1978)
Whitaker, Muriel, The Legends of King Arthur in Art (Woodbridge: D.S. Brewer, 1990)
5. The Holy Grail and other mystical/religious subjects
Barber, Richard, The Holy Grail, Imagination and Belief London Allen Lane, 2004)
Butler, Alan, The Goddess, the Grail & the Lodge (Alresford: O Books, 2004)
Cavendish, Richard, King Arthur & the Grail (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1978)
Currer-Briggs, Noel, The Shroud and the Grail (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1987)
Gardner, Laurence, Bloodline of the Holy Grail (Shaftesbury: Element, 1996)
Gardner, Laurence, Realm of the Ring Lords (Ottery St. Mary: Media-Quest, 2000)
Grigsby, John, Warriors of the Wasteland (London: Watkins, 2002)
Hutton, Ronald, Witches, Druids and King Arthur (London: Hambledon & London, 2003)
Loomis, Ro
ger Sherman, The Grail, from Celtic Myth to Christian Symbol (originally 1963; London: Constable, 1992)
Owen, D.D.R., The Evolution of the Grail Legend (Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, 1968)
Phillips, Graham, The Search for the Grail (London: Random House, 1995)
Sinclair, Andrew, The Discovery of the Grail (London: Century, 1998)
6. Geographical studies
Ashe, Geoffrey, The Traveller’s Guide to Arthurian Britain (Glastonbury: Gothic Image, 1997)
Ashe, Geoffrey, The Landscape of King Arthur (Exeter: Webb & Bower, 1987)
Cameron, Kenneth, English Place Names (London: Batsford, 1996)
Coates, Richard, The Place-Names of Hampshire (London: Batsford, 1989)
Fairbairn, Neil, A Traveller’s Guide to the Kingdoms of Arthur (London: Evans Brothers, 1983)
Gelling, Margaret, Place Names in the Landscape (London: Dent, 1984)
Glennie, John S. Stuart, Arthurian Localities (originally 1869; reprinted Llanerch, 1994)
Hogg, A.H.A., Hill-Forts of Britain (London: Hart-Davis, MacGibbon, 1975)
Jackson, Robert, Dark Age Britain, What to See and Where (Cambridge: Patrick Stephens, 1984)
Matthews, John and Stead, Michael J., King Arthur’s Britain (London: Blandford, 1995)
McKenzie, Peter, Camelot’s Frontier (Morpeth: Longhirst Press, 1999)
Miller, Helen Hill, The Realms of Arthur (London: Peter Davies, 1970)
Mills, A.D., Oxford Dictionary of British Place Names (Oxford University Press, 1991, 2003)
Rahtz, Philip & Watts, Lorna, Glastonbury, Myth and Archaeology(Stroud: Tempus, 1993, 2003)
Rivet, A.L.F. and Smith, Colin, The Place-Names of Roman Britain (London: Batsford, 1979)
Room, Adrian, The Penguin Dictionary of British Place Names (London: Penguin, 2003)
Stobie, Denise, Exploring King Arthur’s Britain (London: Collins & Brown, 1999)
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
So much has been written about Arthur and his world that it is easy to become influenced by the thoughts and findings of others, no matter how much you try to remain independent. For that very reason I have consulted few people during the course of this book. I have made full use of the scholarship available both in the books listed in the Bibliography at the end of this book and on the websites listed in Chapter 25, and make specific acknowledgement here to the excellent work by Leslie Alcock, John Morris, Frank Reno and Richard Barber, as well as the contributors to Robert Vermaat’s brilliant Vortigern Studies website.