Saving Tarboo Creek
Page 20
phenology, 191
phloem and xylem of trees, 144
phosphorus
nutrients for trees, 98, 105–106
in seawater, 78
pink salmon, 56, 76
plant-a-thons, 50–51, 83, 122, 153
plantation-grown trees, 23, 89, 91, 132–133
plant protector tubes, 109, 139
plastic surgery, 190
platypus, 145
plugs (tree planting), 101, 109
pollution, 46, 47, 75
population growth, human, 14, 126, 158, 161
pornography spending, 182
Port Orford cedar, 46
potassium, as nutrient for trees, 98
poverty and wealth, 15, 184, 185–186, 189
prairie burns, 119, 120–121
prairie chickens, 151, 152
prairies
carbon sinks, 132
invasives, 116, 120
native plants, 40, 119–120
productivity research, 166–167
restoration projects, 34, 120–121
precommercial thin, 136
predators and predation, 13, 60, 71, 114, 142
prescription medications, 184
present, being in the, 190–192
prickly ash, 120–121
primates, 157–158
proteins, for DNA repair and cell division, 175
pruning and thinning of trees, 25, 134, 136, 137, 138
Purdy, Joan, 23–24
Puyallup River (Washington), 76
rabbits, and plant protector tubes, 109
rails (birds), 114
rainforests, destruction of, 89–92
rats, 114, 146
RCPs (representative concentration pathways), 43
real estate investment trusts (REITs), 134
red alder. See also alders
and beavers, 149
and fungi in soil, 106
and soil nitrogen, 49, 50, 84–85, 106
Tarboo Creek area, 21, 49, 136
red-breasted sapsuckers, 149
Red-cheeks (male salmon), 58–60, 68
redds (salmon nests), 31, 57–58, 60–62, 68–70, 72–73
red elderberry, 84
red-tailed hawk, 172
reed canary grass, 24, 116
reforestation projects, 95–97. See also The Shack (Leopold farm); Tarboo Creek; tree planting
REITs (real estate investment trusts), 134
remeandering projects, 19–20, 26–33, 69–70, 139–140
representative concentration pathways (RCPs), 43
resources, exploitation of, 15–16, 88, 186
restoration ecology, 97
restoration projects. See names of particular projects or places
river otters, 69, 145, 152
Roosevelt elk, 52–54
roots, of trees, 98–99, 100–101, 103–104, 105–108
Rotary Club presentation, 164–166
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 175
salamanders, 115
salmon. See also particular species of salmon
and beaver dams, 146–147
food supply, 78–79
hatchery-raised, 74, 77, 79–81
jacks, 60–61
life cycle, 19–20, 28, 31, 62–64, 71–72
nest building, 31, 57–58, 60–62, 68–70, 72–73
and overfishing, 74–77
physical changes at breeding time, 55–57
senses, 64–66
spawning surveys, 68–69
and Tarboo Creek, 21, 22–23
salmonberry, 149
sandbags, 31–33
A Sand County Almanac (A. Leopold), 16–17, 34–36, 151, 153
sandhill cranes, 151–152. See also cranes
saplings, 84, 98–99, 100–103. See also tree planting
Sauk City, WI, 164, 165
savanna, 119–121
saws (tools), 88–89, 137
Scotch broom, 116
scramble competition, 75–76
seals, 73
Seattle Parks Department, 168–169
self-assurance, quality of, 189–190
Seton, Ernest Thompson, 150
The Shack (Leopold farm), 34–35, 119, 120, 152, 189, 191
shovels, 101
Siberia, 77
simplicity, as part of natural life, 187–189
Sitka mountain ash, 49
Sitka spruce
as carbon sink, 130
and climate change, 41
described, 21–22, 39
locations for, 49, 50, 54, 64
protecting saplings, 148
skin cancer, 47
Skutch, Alexander, 171
Smayda, Tom, 28–29
Smith, Captain John, 75
Smits, Willie, 96
smoltification, 66–67
snags, 127–129, 138, 142, 149
snakes, 171–173
sneakers (salmon), 60–61
Society of Tympanuchus Cupido Pinnatus, 152
sockeye salmon, 56, 64, 71, 73
soil types and quality, 51–52, 100, 103–104
Solomon, Laura, 129
soybeans, 91
species diversity, 33, 79, 105, 136, 157, 166–168, 182
spiritual traditions, guiding principles of, 186
spotted knapweed, 112
springboards, 40
spring season, 170
spruces. See Sitka spruce
Steadman, David, 114
steelhead, 23. See also trout, in Tarboo Creek
Strait of Juan de Fuca, 20
stream restoration, 19–20, 26–33, 69–70, 139–140
street drugs, self-medication with, 184–185
sturgeon, 72
suburban sprawl, 125–126
sugarcane, 91
sugar palms, 96
sugars, from trees, 106, 138, 144
sulfur oxides, 47
Susan’s Savanna, 121
swamp white oak, 119, 120
tadpoles, 170–171, 172
Tarboo Bay, 20
Tarboo Creek
animal comebacks, 152–153
beavers in, 139–144, 146–149
and climate change, 44
described, 20, 21–23
and frogs, 169–171
invasive plants, 116
and a natural life, 187
restoration project, 18, 23–34, 121–124
salmon. see salmon
trees and tree planting, 37–41, 44–45, 83–84, 99–100, 111
trout, 22–23, 71
teak plantations, 89
temperature, 42–45, 77, 78, 170
Templeton, Chris, 13–14
thinning and pruning of trees, 25, 134, 136, 137, 138
Thomson’s gazelles, 174
Thoreau, Henry David, 187
threatened and endangered species, 33–34, 80, 133, 159–161. See also extinctions and declines of animal populations
Tony Bennett (male salmon), 58, 68
tools for tree planting, 101
tragedy of the commons, 75–76
transportation, and climate change, 48
tree frogs, 115, 169–171, 173, 177
tree harvest methods, 84, 133–134, 136
tree plantations, 23, 89, 91, 132–133
tree planting
bare-root stock, 83–84, 101–103, 110
methods and tools, 101, 107–110
plant-a-thons, 50–51, 83, 122, 153
plugs, 101, 109
saplings, 100–103
Tarboo Creek restoration, 37–41, 44–45, 83–84, 99–100
tree selection, 46
tree roots, 98–99, 100–101, 103–104, 105–108
trees, old-growth, 21, 86–87, 127–130, 132–133, 142
trees, thinning and pruning of, 25, 134, 136, 137, 138
Tropical Forestry Initiative, 125
tropical forests, 89–92, 95–96
trout, in Tarboo Creek, 22–23, 71
Turkey, tree planting in, 96–97
twentieth century, challenges and successes, 15
ultraviolet light, 66
understory layer, 40, 54, 95, 119, 136–137
United Nations, 17
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 96
United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 89–91
United States, conservation measures, 47, 182
U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 184, 185
U.S. Endangered Species Act, 133
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 83–84
U.S. National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence (NCADD), 184, 185
Veblen, Thorstein, 189
vine maple, 21, 40, 84, 144
viruses, 112–114, 115
“war in the woods,” 132–133
wars, in 20th century, 15
Washington Association of Conservation Districts, 83
Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, 23
wasps, 114
water pollution, 46, 75
water quality, 34, 165
water temperatures, and salmon, 77, 78
wealth and poverty, 15, 184, 185–186, 189
weasels, 146
western cottonwood, 54
western redcedar
location for, 49, 103
protecting from beavers, 139–140, 147–148
saplings, 84
for shakes and shingles, 86
size of, 111
Tarboo Creek area, 22, 25, 40, 50, 99, 136
western white pine, 49–50
West Nile virus, 115
wetland ecosystem preservation, 165–166, 169
white-nose syndrome, 115
white-tailed deer, 109, 174. See also deer
wildfires and fire danger, 44, 45, 88, 90, 91–94, 96. See also prairie burns
Williams, Michael, 87
willows and willow stakes, 30–31, 37, 54, 70, 140, 149
Wisconsin
animal extinctions and declines, 151–152, 164
farmland restoration, 34–35, 51, 119. See also The Shack (Leopold farm)
Wisconsin River, 165, 189
Wolfe, Tom, 181–182
wood ducks, 149
Woodhenge, 142
woodpeckers, 12, 13, 149
xylem and phloem of trees, 144
Yeakel, Jim, 23–24
Yesler Way (street in Seattle), 86
About the Authors
* * *
Copyright © 2018 by Scott Freeman. All rights reserved.
Illustrations © 2018 by Susan Leopold Freeman
Maps on front endpapers by David Deis, Dreamline Cartography
Published in 2018 by Timber Press, Inc.
The Haseltine Building
133 S.W. Second Avenue, Suite 450
Portland, Oregon 97204-3527
timberpress.com
Mention of trademarked products does not constitute a guarantee or warrantee of the product by the publisher or author and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors.
Text design by Adrianna Sutton
Jacket design by Mumtaz Mustafa and Adrianna Sutton
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Freeman, Scott, 1955– author.
Title: Saving Tarboo Creek: one family's quest to heal the land /
by Scott Freeman; illustrations by Susan Leopold Freeman.
Description: Portland, Oregon: Timber Press,
2018. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: lccn 2016055648
eISBN: 9781604698381
Subjects: lcsh: Nature conservation—Washington (State)—Olympic
Peninsula. | Human ecology—Washington (State)—Olympic Peninsula. | Tarboo
Creek (Wash.) | Leopold, Aldo, 1886-1948. Sand County almanac.
Classification: lcc qh76.5.W2 F74 2018 | ddc 333.7209797/94—dc23 lc
record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016055648.