The Man Who Broke Napoleon's Codes
Page 41
units: 15th de ligne 1, 2, 3; 6th Light Infantry 1;
31st Light Infantry 1, 2;
101st Regiment 1, 2
see also Army of Catalonia; Army of the Centre; Army of Dalmatia; Army of the North; Army of Portugal; Army of the South
French Revolution 1, 2
Frochot, Mr 1
Fuente Guinaldo 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 Mayor of 1
Fuentes d’Onoro, Battle of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Galicia 1, 2, 3, 4
Galician hills 1, 2
Gallegos 1, 2
Garcia Hernandez 1
Gazan, General 1
The Gentleman’s Magazine 1
George III, King: De Lancey family’s loyalty 1, 2
George IV, King (as Prince of Wales and Prince Regent) 1, 2, 3
Gomm, Lieutenant-Colonel William 1
Gordon, Lieutenant-Colonel Alexander 1, 2
Gordon, Colonel Willoughby 1, 2
Goully (lady-in-waiting) 1
Goya y Lucientes, Francisco de 1, 2
Graham, Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
grand chiffre (great cipher) see under ciphers
Grant, Lieutenant-Colonel Colquhoun 1, 2, 3
Grant, Lieutenant-Colonel John 1, 2, 3
Grattan, William 1
Great Paris Cipher see under ciphers
Great Tesson 1
Greater Arapil hill 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Grijo 1
Grotto restaurant, Lisbon 1
Guadarrama mountains 1
Guadiana plain 1
Guadiana River 1, 2, 3, 4
Guarda 1
Guards battalions at Elvina 1
Murray and 1
order in the march 1
Guarena River 1, 2
Guides see Mounted Guides
Gunning, Dr 1
Harding, Pig 1, 2
Hardinge, Lieutenant-Colonel qualities of 1
and Moore’s fatal wounding 1, 2
and GS’s transfer to the 57th Foot 1
retrains the Portuguese 1
Latour Maubourg message deciphered 1, 2, 3
at Albuera 1
and the aristocratic ‘amateurs’ 1
and the storm of Badajoz 1, 2, 3
in Battle of Salamanca 1
with Prussian headquarters 1
wounded at Ligny 1
political career 1, 2
Healey (GS’s servant) 1
hermanitos, los 1
Hervey, Colonel 1
Hill, Lieutenant-General Rowland 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14
Hobkirk, Captain 1
Holland 1, 2
Hompeshe’s Hussars 1
Hood, Admiral Samuel 1, 2, 3, 4
Hope, General John 1
Horse Guards, Whitehall 1, 2, 3, 4 whispering campaign against Moore 1
new breed of officers 1
reluctant to send out more troops 1
summons Murray back to Britain 1
Staff Cavalry disbanded 1
House of Commons 1, 2
Imperial Guard 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Chasseurs à Cheval 1, 2
Implacable (formerly Duguay Trouin) 1, 2, 3
India 1, 2
Ireland revolutionary ferment 1, 2
French-supported rising (1798) 1
Jacobinism 1, 2
Jardet, Colonel 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Joseph, King of Naples (1806/8) and Spain (1808/13) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Soult’s dispatches to 1, 2
use of stealth 1, 2
commands his troops 1
message to Soult captured 1
untenable position in Spain 1, 2
Rambouillet accord 1, 2
grand chiffre episode 1, 2
in dispute with Marmont 1
Jourdan becomes military adviser 1
the new grand chiffre 1
made commander of Napoleon’s armies in Spain 1, 2, 3
row with Dorsenne 1
reluctance to displease 1
coded messages to Soult 1
important letter to Marmont 1, 2, 3
Soult’s letter denigrating him 1, 2, 3
sets up temporary headquarters in Valencia 1
tries to get Soult dismissed 1, 2
council of war at Cordoba 1
letters to Napoleon 1, 2
Burgos proposal 1, 2
dispatch to Reille 1
constant demands for cash 1, 2
Napoleon’s directive 1, 2
the Vitoria campaign 1
copy of the Great Paris Cipher decoding table 1, 2
recalled to France 1
importance of the deciphered letters 1
Jourdan, Marshal Jean Baptiste 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15
Julie, Queen of Portugal 1
Kempt 1
King’s German Legion 1, 2, 3
La Haye Sainte farm 1, 2
La Mancha 1
La Picurina 1
La Scala opera house, Milan 1
Laforest, comte de 1
Lancashire 1, 2, 3
Larpent, Francis 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Latour Maubourg, General 1, 2
Lawrence, Sergeant William 1, 2
Lawrie, Major 1
Le Marchant, Captain Carey 1, 2
Le Marchant, Major-General John 1, 2, 3, 4 GS writes to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
leading light in the Royal Military College 1, 2, 3
on intelligence officers 1
and adoption of divisions 1
commands heavy cavalry brigade 1, 2
death of his wife 1
in Battle of Salamanca 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
killed 1, 2
Le Marchant, Mary 1
Leira 1
Leith 1
Leon 1, 2, 3
Leon (Spanish guide) 1
Lesser Arapil hill 1
Lewes 1, 2
Ligny 1
Lisbon 1, 2 British Army leaves 1, 2
GS’s mission 1, 2, 3, 4
described 1, 2
British officers in 1
defensive lines 1
French starve at 1
and Albuera casualties 1
Mary travels to be with GS 1, 2, 3, 4
Liverpool, Earl 1, 2, 3
Lloyd, Lieutenant 1
Loison, General 1, 2
Longa, Juan 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Los Arapiles 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Louis XIV, King of France: and ciphers 1, 2
Lucotte, Colonel 1
Lugo, Spain 1
Lumley, Major-General 1
Lusitania 1
MacDonald, Marshal 1
McGrigor, Sir James 1, 2, 3
McLeod, Colonel 1
Madrid 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 British Army occupies 1, 2
Wellington fêted 1
El Escorial 1
Wellington attends a bullfight 1
corps under Hill guards the city 1
British relinquish 1
and Joseph’s proposal 1
stolen paintings 1
Malaga 1, 2
Manchester 1
Manchester Cathedral 1
March, Lord (later Duke of Richmond) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Maret, Hughes 1, 2
Marie Antoinette 1
Marlborough, John Churchill, 1st Duke of 1
Marmont, Marshal Auguste-Frederic, Duke of Ragusa 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 supersedes Massena 1
reorganizes the artillery 1
in the Egyptian campaign 1, 2
in Italy 1
joins forces with Soult 1, 2, 3, 4
and the Rambouillet accord 1
the grand chiffre episode 1
the Army of Portugal cipher 1, 2, 3, 4
and Ciudad Rodrigo 1, 2, 3, 4
entertains in Salamanca 1
coded message to Foy 1, 2
in dispute with King Joseph 1
spies of 1
troops for the siege of Valencia
1, 2
the Jardet letter 1, 2
defence of Badajoz 1, 2, 3, 4
and Joseph’s command of the armies 1
interviews Grant 1
attempts to resign 1
stays in Salamanca 1, 2
Wellington undecided whether to attack him first 1, 2
and Grant’s imprisonment 1
series supply difficulties 1, 2, 3
acute intelligence 1, 2
lack of support for 1
the Salamanca forts 1, 2, 3, 4
a popular leader 1
withdrawal to the Duero line 1
resolves cavalry deficit 1, 2
Joseph’s letter to 1, 2, 3
deceives Wellington 1
fails to receive dispatches 1
Battle of Salamanca 1, 2, 3, 4
Mascarenhas, Lieutenant 1
Massena, Marshal 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Maucune 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Medina del Campo 1
Melito, Count Miot de 1
Menelos gap 1, 2
Merida 1
Mermet, General 1
messieurs en rouge 1, 2
Mina, Francisco 1, 2, 3
Minho country 1
Mirabete ridge 1
Misarella river 1
Mondragon 1
Monelos river 1, 2
Moniteur 1
Mont St Jean ridge 1
Montbrun, General 1, 2
Monte de Azan 1
Moore, James 1
Moore, General John 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 abortive foray in Spain 1, 2
Scovell as his staff officer 1
his regiments arrive at Corunna 1
obliged to retreat 1
qualities 1
Soult’s plan 1
fatally wounded at Corunna 1, 2, 3, 4
Stewart’s views 1
Scovell admires 1
Castlereagh’s tribute 1
respect for GS 1
lack of good intelligence 1
shocked at his men’s behaviour 1
Morning Chronicle 1
Mortefontaine 1
Moscow 1, 2
Mounted Guides 1, 2, 3 described 1, 2, 3, 4
GS trains 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
embarkation from Corunna 1
disembark in England 1
intelligence-gathering 1
dispatches 1, 2
Wellington and 1, 2
uniform 1, 2
scattered across the Army 1, 2, 3
journey to join the Army 1
Sanchez’s guerrillas attached to 1, 2
Somerset and 1
Murat, Marshal Joachim 1
Murcia 1, 2
Murillo, Bartolomè 1
Murray, Colonel George 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 role of 1
gives GS communications responsibility 1
at Ponte Nova 1
a former teacher at the Royal Military College 1
promotion offer to GS 1, 2
lack of a military plan 1
Wellington’s opinion of 1
compiles information on the French army 1, 2
summoned back to Britain 1
returns to Iberia 1, 2
in politics 1
GS’s re-examination of dispatches 1, 2
Napier, William 1, 2
Napoleon Bonaparte his Chasseurs à Cheval 1
reverses in Spain 1
collapse of Spanish armies 1
an artillery officer 1, 2
Italian campaign (1800) 1
and the Anglo-Spanish alliance 1
egotism 1
opinion of Wellington 1, 2
fixated with Valencia 1, 2
plans Russian campaign 1, 2, 3
and the fall of Rodrigo 1, 2
and Badajoz 1
makes Joseph commander of his armies in Spain 1, 2, 3
imminent departure for Poland 1
Polish war 1
Soult’s letter about Joseph 1, 2
Russian disaster 1, 2, 3, 4
directives to Joseph 1, 2
at Waterloo 1, 2, 3
Bulletins 1, 2
Napoleonic Wars (1800–15) 1
Nava de Haver 1, 2
New Castile 1
Ney, Marshal Michel 1, 2
Nuestra Senhora de la Peña chapel 1, 2, 3
Oates, Captain 1
O’Lalor, General 1
Oliver, Captain 1, 2
Oman, Sir Charles: History of the Peninsular War 1
Ompteda’s brigade 1
Oporto, Portugal described 1, 2
French evacuation 1, 2
British Army returns to 1, 2
Soult in (1809) 1
Oudinot 1
Pakenham, Major-General Edward 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Palavea, heights of 1
Pampluna 1
Pancorbo pass 1, 2
Pardeleras 1
Paris ‘Artists’ Company’ 1
Parquin, Charles 1
Payne, Major-General 1
Peacock, Colonel 1
Penasquedo ridge 1, 2, 3, 4
Perceval, Spencer 1
petit chiffre (small cipher) see under ciphers
Philippon, General 1, 2, 3, 4
Picton, General 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Picurina Fort 1, 2
Plasencia 1
Plate, River 1, 2
Poco Velho 1
Poland 1, 2
Polish Lancers 1
Polish war 1
Pollos Fort 1
Ponte Nova bridge 1, 2, 3
Popham, Commodore Sir Home 1, 2 Telegraphic Signals or Marine Vocabulary 1
Portsmouth 1, 2
Portugal campaign in (1808) 1, 2, 3, 4
Wellesley commands a second expedition (1809) 1
Roman road 1, 2, 3
plundered by British 1, 2
poorly surveyed 1
war ministry 1, 2
border fortresses 1, 2
Portuguese intelligence unreliable 1
French invasion 1
French retreat from (1811) 1
France’s first attack on (1807) 1
Portuguese army, Beresford commands 1, 2, 3
Prussians 1, 2
Public Record Office 1
Puebla Gorge 1, 2
Puebla Heights 1, 2
Puisieulx, de (printer) 1
Pyrenees 1, 2
Quartermaster-General’s department roles 1 professional dealings with Portuguese 1
Wellington’s use of 1
Radicals 1, 2, 3
Raglan, Lord see Somerset, Field Marshal FitzRoy
Ragusa, Duke of see Marmont, Marshal Auguste-Frederic
Rambouillet 1
Rambouillet agreement 1, 2, 3
Regnaud, General, Governor of Ciudad Rodrigo 1, 2, 3
Reille, General Charles 1, 2
ribiero del campo 1, 2
Richmond, Duchess of 1
Richmond, Duke of 1, 2, 3
Ridge, Major 1
Rogers, Mr (friend of Wellington) 1
Romans 1, 2
Rome, ancient 1, 2
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 1
Royal Artillery 1, 2, 3
Royal Engineers 1
Royal Horse Artillery 1, 2
Royal Military College, High Wycombe 1, 2, 3 Le Marchant the leading light 1, 2
GS at 1, 2, 3
‘Wycombites’ 1, 2, 3, 4
map-making skills 1, 2
Somerset at 1
Royal Military College, Sandhurst 1, 2
Royal Navy 1 arrival in Corunna 1
signalling methods 1
Battle of Corunna 1
and Army malaria victims 1
and Soult’s letter to Napoleon 1
and siege of Burgos 1
Popham suggests a common code 1
see also British Fleet
Royal Staff Corps 1n
Royal Wagon Train, Croydon 1
Rueda 1, 2
; Russian campaign Napoleon plans 1, 2, 3
French failure 1, 2, 3, 4
Sabugal 1, 2
Sahagun, Battle of 1
St Martin in the Fields church, Westminster 1
Salamanca, Battle of (1812) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Salamanca, Spain 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 Marmont’s intelligence 1
forts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
British enter 1
the main position 1
Wellington returns to 1
defenders of San Vincente convent capitulate 1
and the Army of the Centre 1
Joseph’s army tries to bring on a second battle 1
Wellington commends the victory of 1
Curtis banished 1
British advance (1813) 1
countryside 1
Salamonde, Portugal 1, 2
Salford 1
Salinas pass 1
San Christoval ridge 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
San Miguel Hornwork 1, 2
San Miguel ridge 1, 2, 3, 4
San Vincente convent, Salamanca 1, 2, 3
Sanchez, Don Julian 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 at Poco Velho 1
and the Guides 1, 2
excellent intelligence gathering 1, 2
French preparations to go south 1
upbringing and army experience 1
appearance 1
brought under British pay 1, 2
capture of messengers 1, 2
captures the Governor of Ciudad Rodrigo 1
and Marmont 1
interceptor of mails par excellence 1
São Carlos theatre, Lisbon 1
São Roque church, Lisbon 1, 2
Saornil, Jeronimo 1, 2, 3
Scovell, Sir George status in Wellington’s Headquarters 1
self-improvement 1, 2
the arrival of the Fleet at Corunna 1, 2, 3, 4
engraving apprentice 1, 2, 3, 4
meticulous as Moore’s staff officer 1
appearance 1, 2
communications responsibility 1, 2, 3, 4
commands the Mounted Guides 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
linguistic skills 1, 2, 3, 4
ambition 1, 2
learns Navy’s signalling methods 1