by Matt Apuzzo
Al Jazeera, 76, 92, 132–33
Al Madinah (Brooklyn school), 183
Al Marwa Center (New York City mosques), 183
Al-Muhajiroun (Islamic extremist group), 140
al-Qaeda: and Ahmedzay-Medunjanin-Zazi trip to Pakistan and Afghanistan, 107–14
American perception of, 113
attempts to attack U.S. by, 116
bin Laden death and, 277
biological weapons for, 260
bombs for members of, 119
British arrest of members of, 54
CIA and, 68, 108, 117, 186–87, 190, 218
drone attacks on, 158
and email interception, 8–9, 239
FBI concerns about U.S.-based terrorist cells formed by, 9–10
fundraising for, 184–85
Iraq War and, 80
Islamic terrorism as model for, 38
and mistakes of NYPD, 147
mosque investigations and ties to, 184, 186
NYPD files on, 132
in Pakistan, 9, 107–14, 167, 218
recruiting for, 215, 220–21
screeners for, 107–8
Tablighi Jamaat and, 182
training camps for, 107–16
traitors within, 108
turning point in U.S. war against, 112 See also specific person or incident
Al-Tawheed Islamic City (Jersey City), 190
Alavi Foundation, 16
Albin, George, 61, 64
Alec Station, CIA, 31, 38
Ali, Hussein ibn, 146, 147
American Airlines Flight 11, 69
American Airlines Flight 63: shoe bomber on, 71–72
American Airlines Flight 587 crash, 29
American Best Travel & Tours (Queens), 89
American Family Association, 133–34
Ames, Aldrich, 31, 32, 36
Anderson, Lauren, 217
anthrax, 6, 28, 47, 261
antiwar protests, 45, 46, 49, 145
Ashcroft, John, 180, 186
Ashwood, Carlos, 42
“asset scrub,” CIA, 37
Associated Press, 216, 278
At Taqwa (Brooklyn mosque), 181–82
Atlanta Centennial Olympic Park bombing, 257
Atta, Mohamed, 69–71, 72, 76, 257
Aurora, Colorado. See Denver Art Museum
Joint Terrorism Task Force—Denver, FBI (JTTF)
Zazi family or family member
Avrakotos, Gustav, 34–35, 65
Awlaki, Anwar al-, 101, 104, 136–37
Azad, Farbod, 246, 273
backpacks, 118, 251–52, 256, 277
Banke, Albert, 205, 206
Barelvis (Sunni sect), 147
Bay Ridge International Café (Brooklyn), 132
Beit El Masjid (Brooklyn mosque), 135
Bell, Sean: shooting of, 145
Berdecia, Hector, 78–81, 85, 87–89, 260, 282
Bhatt, Arvin, 126–27
Billy, Joseph Jr., 183–86
bin Abdul Wahhab, Muhammad, 139–40
bin al-Shibh, Ramzi, 6, 70
bin Laden, Osama: Atta and, 69
CIA and, 30–31, 38
death of, 277
declaration of war on U.S. by, 13
embassy bombing indictment against, 220
9/11 and, 98–99
in Pakistan, 117
rise of, 38
and theological and geopolitical underpinnings of terrorism, 138
Vinas idolization of, 212
Black Medallion case, 57
Black Panthers, 41, 42, 43, 44
black sites, 73–74
Bledsoe, Carlos, 135
Bloomberg, Michael, 27, 28, 39, 139, 191, 223, 224–25, 277, 279, 280, 282, 283
Board of Immigration Appeals, U.S., 174
bombs: for al-Qaeda members, 119
backpack, 118, 277
Homeland Security warnings about, 253
ingredients for, 1, 2, 8–9, 115, 119, 199, 233, 234, 254–55, 263, 267, 268, 271
“Mother of Satan,” 3
pressure cooker, 277
for suicide bombers, 3
TATP, 1–3, 115, 119, 166, 200, 233, 234, 253, 263, 264, 267
and Vinas bomb making, 215
Zazi and Ahmedzay disposal of ingredients for making, 199–200, 233
Zazi email to al-Qaeda about, 239
and Zazi’s bomb making, 1–3, 8–9, 114–16, 199–200, 233, 234, 235–36, 265, 267, 268, 271 See also specific person or incident
Bombs and Shields blog, 143–44
Borelli, Don: Ahmad interview by, 260–61
assignment as JTTF agent of, 5, 6–7, 14
and backpacks from Khan apartment, 251–52
Cohen and, 121, 124
and concerns about U.S.-based al-Qaeda terrorist cells, 9, 10
and FBI/JTTF-NYPD Intelligence relations, 19, 149, 173–74
Hezbollah case and, 121–25
interview techniques of, 260–61
lack of information for, 221
personal life of, 21
professional background of, 6, 20–21, 260–61
and raids on Zazi places of interest, 242–43
retirement of, 284
security clearance for, 6–7
Somali file and, 117
Vinas investigation and, 216, 219, 220, 221
Zazi arrest and, 272
and Zazi in Colorado, 6–7, 8, 55
and Zazi cross-country trip, 12, 13, 15, 16–17, 60, 62, 64, 157
and Zazi search on George Washington Bridge, 62, 64, 201, 202
Zazi surveillance and, 177, 199, 201, 202–3, 209–10, 224, 227–28, 230–34, 235–36
Boston Marathon, 277
Brady, Laura, 204–5
Brennan, John, 279
bridges/tunnels, New York City: checkpoints for, 60 See also specific bridge or tunnel
Brighton Beach (Brooklyn), 64
Brooklyn: demographics of, 73
identification of terrorists in, 132–33, 137, 146–47; See also specific site
Brooklyn Army Terminal: NYPD Intelligence Division offices at, 40, 75
Browne, Paul, 278
Burke, Dennis Christopher, 143–45
Bush, George W., 49, 88, 111, 137, 152, 213, 259
cameras, security, 14, 142, 187, 281
Canada: NYPD officers assigned to, 83, 84
Carlson, Tucker, 29
cartoon controversy, 189–90
Casey, Scott, 240, 241–42
Chicago, Illinois: Democratic National Convention (1968) in, 49
Church Committee, 48, 67, 130, 183
Church, Frank, 47
CIA (Central Intelligence Agency): al-Qaeda and, 68, 108, 117, 186–87, 190, 218
analysis of information by, 33, 203–4
antiwar movement and, 46
“asset scrub” in, 37
bin Laden death and, 277
budget of, 37, 38
as bureaucracy, 31
code names of cases for, 205
and Cohen-Sanchez proposal, 66–68
Cohen views about, 39, 150
competition within, 32, 33–34
Congress and, 36–37, 39, 47, 48, 142, 280
divisions within, 32–33
expansion of, 204
FBI and, 77, 203–4
files kept by, 46
function of, 67
Hersh article about, 47
informers for, 95
internal reviews at, 142
and ITOS information center, 169
JTTF and, 14
lack of counterterrorism strategy at, 38
local law enforcement relations with, 67–68
Moynihan bill to abolish, 37
NYPD detective in training by, 129, 151
NYPD foreign assignments and, 83–85
NYPD Intelligence Division compared with, 129
NYPD Intelligence Division mosque investigations and, 186–87
Odom call for creation of
domestic, 19
oversight/accountability for, 39, 142, 280, 283
Palantir and, 207
Project Chaos of, 46
recruiting for, 37, 74–75
as risk averse, 37, 38
secret prisons of, 6, 68, 73, 154, 190, 259–60, 261, 279
and sharing among intelligence agencies, 279
and Soviets in Afghanistan, 95
as spying on Americans, 46, 47
and temporary assignment to NYPD of CIA officers, 66–68, 127, 283
and theological and geopolitical underpinnings of terrorism, 138
Torricelli charges about, 32
training of operatives for, 65, 129, 151
“watch list” of, 45
and Zazi in Colorado, 53, 54–55
and Zazi email account, 54–55
and Zazi-FBI interview, 266, 269 See also specific person, division, directorate, or investigation
Ciorra, Paul, 173, 197, 227–28, 229, 270, 282
Civil Liberties Union, New York, 48
civil rights/liberties: case against NYPD for violation of, 279
and FBI investigations of mosques, 179
FBI-NYPD Intelligence Division relationship and, 148, 149–50
Handschu guidelines as safeguard for, 50
need for change in views about, 277
and terrorism enterprise investigations, 180
Clinton, Bill, 32, 36, 39, 66
Cohen, David: accomplishments of, 154, 190, 191, 196, 213
and Ahmadinejad motorcade, 23–24
appointment as NYPD deputy commissioner for intelligence of, 30, 39–40, 278, 282
and approval and renewal of investigations, 197
Atta case study and, 69, 71, 72
Berdecia assignments and, 79, 80
big-net strategy of, 141
Borelli and, 121, 124
Burke investigation and, 143
and changes in NYPD Intelligence Division, 138, 147, 148
CIA career of, 30–36, 37–39, 47, 50, 65, 66
CIA relationships with, 83, 150
creation of Intelligence Division and, 17–18, 19–20, 81
and demographics of New York City, 69
FBI-NYPD Intel relationship and, 18, 19, 123–25, 150
FBI relationship with, 24, 25, 66, 83, 123–25, 149, 217, 228–30
Handschu guidelines and, 50–52, 74, 78, 142, 143, 144, 145–46, 148, 179–80, 181, 183, 197, 212
Hezbollah case and, 121–25
and identification of terrorists, 128, 129–30, 132, 133, 140, 141
immigration information and, 188
JTTF relationship with, 81, 151, 153–54, 183–86, 228–30
Kelly meetings with, 30, 66
“management by fear” philosophy of, 35
mosque investigations and, 179, 181, 182, 183–86, 187–88, 194, 195
name-change program and, 135, 136
and NYPD officers in foreign police departments, 83, 181
NYPD vision of, 49, 69
oversight of, 142, 209
personality of, 68–69
power and responsibilities of, 24, 26, 181, 197
and pressures on NYPD Intel detectives, 134
profiling and, 72
and recruiting for NYPD, 74–76
refusal to put NYPD people on JTTF, 125
refuses interview with Apuzzo and Goldman, 278
reputation of, 35–36, 37–38, 39
Rutgers case and, 24–25
Sanchez and, 66–67, 69, 83, 283
September 11, 2001 and, 150
Shehadeh case and, 18, 229–30
and shutting down Intel cases, 196–97
Siraj investigation and, 151, 152, 153
60 Minutes interview of, 190
and uniqueness of Intelligence Division, 147
Vinas investigation and, 212, 213, 216–17
Zazi investigation and, 25–26, 155, 173, 176, 209, 228–29, 280
colleges/universities: identification of terrorists at, 139–41; See also Muslim student groups
Colorado Information Analysis Center (CIAC), 161–63
Colorado State Patrol, 10–11, 160–61, 163, 166, 239–40, 280
Columbia University, 41, 44, 140
community policing strategy, Kelly’s, 28
CompStat computer system, NYPD, 196
Computer People for Peace, 44
Counterterrorism Center, CIA, 210
Counterterrorism Division, FBI, 6, 170–71, 202, 219
“Critical Mass” bike rides, 144
Crown Heights (Brooklyn) riot (1991), 28
Cummings, Art, 58, 59, 61, 64, 168, 201, 229, 236–37, 283
Curveball (Iraqi defector), 84
Customs Service, U.S., 26, 188
Cutter, John, 48, 68
Cyber Intelligence Unit, NYPD, 141
Davis, Jim: and briefings at FBI headquarters, 170
and Denver Art Museum threat, 157–61, 163, 165–68, 172
Heimbach relationship with, 171
post-Zazi investigation career of, 283
professional background of, 160, 163–65
and raid on Zazi apartment, 248
reputation of, 170
Zazi arrest and, 271–72, 273
Zazi confession and, 268
and Zazi email account, 54, 55
and Zazi-FBI interview, 258, 262, 266, 269
Zazi investigation and, 54, 55, 57, 59, 157–61, 165–66, 172, 228, 231, 252, 256–57, 259
DeConcini, Dennis, 36–37
Demarest, Joe, 124, 229, 243, 245, 252, 283
Democratic National Convention (Chicago, 1968): antiwar demonstrations at, 49
Demographics Unit, NYPD: Berdecia as head of, 78, 80, 81, 85, 87–89, 260
Browne denial of existence of, 278
creation of, 78, 278
expense reports for, 88
and FBI-NYPD Intelligence relations, 149–50
function of, 279
funding for, 86
and identification of terrorists, 128, 130, 141
legal concerns about, 86
mistakes of, 87, 147
mosque investigations and, 187
Newark mapping by, 87
oversight of, 281
Sanchez-Henoch meeting and, 84
Siraj case and, 152
Zazi investigation and, 89
as Zone Assessment Unit, 282 See also rakers
Denver Art Museum, 157–61, 163, 165–68, 172, 240
Denver/Aurora, Colorado. See Denver Art Museum; Joint Terrorism Task Force—Denver, FBI (JTTF); Zazi family or family member
Denver Post: Zazi interviews with, 256, 271
Deutch, John, 32, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40
Dinkins, David, 26, 28
Directorate of Intelligence, CIA, 33
Directorate of Operations (DO), CIA, 32–33, 65
dogs, bomb-sniffing, 62–64, 118, 119, 166, 270
D’Ulisse, Steve, 78, 80, 87, 139
Dzikansky, Mordecai, 83
Eirovic, Sammy, 87
Eisenstein, Jethro, 42–44, 48, 50
Eldawoody, Osama, 151
Elshafay, James, 152
Elshinawy, Mohammad, 193–95, 196
email: and Denver investigation of Zazi family, 158
FISA warrants and, 207
interception of al-Qaeda, 8–9, 239
national security letters and, 206
Prism program for monitoring, 53–54
telephone companies-FBI access to, 208 See also specific person
embassies, U.S.: bombing of, 6, 21, 51, 124, 184, 215, 220
Ennis, George, 244
“exigent letters,” 208, 209
“Family Jewels” operation (CIA), 47
FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation): analytical abilities of, 203–5
centralization at, 204
and Cohen concerns about Handschu rules, 52
Cohen relationship with, 24, 25, 66, 83, 123–25, 149, 217, 229–30
Cointelpro of, 45
domain management and, 77–78
drug cases and, 20
expansion of, 204
and getting to know communities, 77–78
identification of terrorists and, 131
image of, 19
information available to, 206
intelligence collecting by, 77–78
internal reviews at, 142
interview strategy of, 260–61
judgments about agents in, 55–56
limitations of, 77–78
local law enforcement relationship with, 30
mapping of neighborhoods by, 77
as model for NYPD Intelligence Division, 129–30
mosque investigations and, 177–79, 193–94
Muslim community relationship with, 179
national security letters of, 205–7, 208, 209 9/11 and, 29, 49, 50
and NYPD civil rights case, 279
and NYPD-Muslim community relations, 282
NYPD/NYPD Intelligence Division compared with, 20, 129, 147–48, 193–94, 209
NYPD/NYPD Intelligence Division relationship with, 18, 24, 25, 30, 49, 68, 123–24, 148–53, 209, 217, 227–30
and NYPD overseas assignments, 82, 83
and Odom call for creation of domestic CIA, 19
oversight of, 142, 149, 179, 208, 209, 280, 283
Palantir and, 207–8
post-9/11 organizational change at, 21
powers of, 209
profiling by, 72
recruiting for, 74–75
and sharing among intelligence agencies, 279
subpoenas and, 205, 206
tactics of, 12–13
telephone companies and, 207–8
training of agents for, 178
“watch list” of, 45 See also Joint Terrorism Task Force—Denver, FBI; Joint Terrorism Task Force—New York City; specific person or investigation
Figliuzzi, Frank, 248–50
Fischer, Bryan, 133–34
Flaherty, Jordan, 144–45
Flushing, New York: Afghan community in, 94–96, 99–100
Muslim community in, 175
police presence in, 99, 199
Zazi family in, 9, 89, 93, 97–104; See also Abu Bakr (mosque); specific person
Folsom, Arthur, 254, 256, 257–58, 262, 264, 266–67, 269, 270–71
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), 207
foreign police departments: NYPD officers stationed in, 81–83
Foreign Resources Division, CIA, 34–35
Forty-first Avenue apartment, Khan’s, 200–201, 202–3, 224, 242, 243, 247
Fowler, Greg, 238, 283
Fraunces Tavern (New York City): bombing at, 14
Friends of Brad Will, 144, 188
fusion centers, 161–62
Galati, Thomas, 132, 133, 152, 173, 194
Garcia, Steve, 161, 162, 163, 165, 166, 167, 239, 240–42
“gauging sentiment,” 75–76
Gee, Jackie, 158, 166
George Washington Bridge: Zazi search at, 62–64, 118, 158, 171, 177, 201–2, 227, 232–33, 236