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Owl

Page 13

by Desmond Morris


  8 OWLS AND ARTISTS

  1 Jacques Combe, Jheronimus Bosch (London, 1946), p. 10.

  2 Ibid., p. 21.

  3 Wilhelm Fraenger, Hieronymus Bosch (Amsterdam, 1999), p. 201.

  4 Mario Bussagli, Bosch (New York, 1967), p. 10.

  5 Fraenger, Hieronymus Bosch, p. 44.

  6 Herbert Read, Hieronymus Bosch (London, 1967), p. 5.

  7 Fraenger, Hieronymus Bosch, p. 116.

  8 Colin Eisler, Dürer’s Animals (Washington, DC, 1991), pp. 83–5.

  9 Mario Salmi et al., The Complete Works of Michelangelo (London, 1966), fig. 91, p. 119.

  10 Philip Hofer, The Disasters of War by Francisco Goya (New York, 1967), a reproduction in its entirety of the first edition of Goya’s Los Desastres de la Guerra (1863) published by the Real Academia de Nobles Artes de San Fernando. Plate 73: Gatesca pantomima.

  11 Vivien Noakes, Edward Lear, 1818–1888 (London, 1985), plate 10g, pp. 27 and 86.

  12 David Duncan Douglas, Viva Picasso (New York, 1980), pp. 86–7.

  13 Gertje R. Utley, Picasso: The Communist Years (New Haven, CT, 2000), p. 160, fig. 130.

  14 Evelyn Benesch et al., René Magritte: The Key to Dreams (Vienna, 2005), p. 168.

  15 David Sylvester, René Magritte, Catalogue Raisonné (London, 1993), vol. II, p. 340.

  16 Silvano Levy, personal communication, 29 October 2008.

  17 Dorothy C. Miller, Americans, 1942 (New York, 1942), p. 56.

  18 Krystyna Weinstein, The Owl in Art, Myth, and Legend (London, 1985), p. 59.

  9 TYPICAL OWLS

  1 Gordon Lynn Walls, The Vertebrate Eye (New York, 1967), p. 212.

  2 Pellets are available from pelletsinc.com or pellet.com or pelletlab.com in Washington State; owlpellets.com in California; owlpelletkits.com in New York State.

  3 Aristotle, Historia Animalium, trans. D’Arcy Wentworth Thompson (Oxford, 1910), vol. IV, p. 609.

  4 C. Pliny Secundus, The Naturall Historie (London, 1635), Tome I, Bk 10, ch. XVII, p. 277.

  5 Ann Payne, Medieval Beasts (London, 1990), p. 73.

  APPENDIX

  1 Conrad Gesner, Icones Avium (Zürich, 1560), pp. 14–17.

  2 Ulyssis Aldrovandi, Opera Omnia (Bologna, 1638–68), Libri XII, Ornithologiae (1646) pp. 498–570.

  Bibliography

  Armstrong, Edward, The Life and Lore of the Bird (New York, 1975)

  ——, The Folklore of Birds (London, 1958)

  Backhouse, Frances, Owls of North America (Richmond Hill, ON, 2008)

  Berger, Cynthia, Owls (Mechanicsburg, PA, 2005)

  Breese, Dilys, Everything You Wanted to Know About Owls (London, 1998)

  Bunn, D. S. et al., The Barn Owl (Calton, Staffs, 1982)

  Burton, J. A., Owls of the World (London, 1984)

  Cenzato, Elena and Fabio Santopietro, Owls: Art, Legend, History (New York, 1991)

  Clair, Colin, Unnatural History (New York, 1967)

  Everett, M. J., A Natural History of Owls (London, 1977)

  Grossman, Mary Louise and John Hamlet, Birds of Prey of the World (London, 1965) Gruson, Edward S., A Checklist of the Birds of the World (London, 1976)

  Holmgren, Virginia C., Owls in Folklore and Natural History (Santa Barbara, CA, 1988)

  Hume, Rob, Owls of the World (Limpsfield, Surrey, 1991)

  Johnsgard, P. A., North American Owls – Biology and Natural History (Washington, DC, 1988)

  Kemp, A. and S. Calburn, The Owls of Southern Africa (Cape Town, 1987)

  Konig, Claus and Friedhelm Weick, Owls of the World (London, 2008)

  Konig, Claus, Friedhelm Weick and J.-H. Becking, Owls: A Guide to the Owls of the World (New Haven, CT, 1999)

  Long, Kim, Owls, a Wildlife Handbook (Boulder, CO, 1998)

  Lynch, Wayne, Owls of the United States and Canada (Baltimore, MD, 2007)

  Medlin, Faith, Centuries of Owls in Art and the Written Word (Norwalk, CT, 1968)

  Mikkola, Heimo, Owls of Europe (London, 1983)

  Peeters, Hans, A Field Guide to Owls of California and the West (Berkeley, CA, 2007)

  Scholz, Floyd, Owls (Mechanicsurg, PA, 2001)

  Shawyer, Colin, The Barn Owl (London, 1994)

  ——, The Barn Owl in the British Isles: Its Past, Present and Future (London, 1987)

  Sparks, John and Tony Soper, Owls: Their Natural and Unnatural History (New York, 1970)

  Taylor, Iain, Barn Owls (Cambridge, 2004)

  Voous, Karel H., Owls of the Northern Hemisphere (London, 1988)

  Weick, Friedhelm, Owls Strigiformes: Annotated and Illustrated Checklist (Berlin, 2006)

  Weinstein, Krystyna, The Owl in Art, Myth, and Legend (London, 1990)

  Associations and Websites

  THE AUSTRIAN BARN OWL PROJECT

  www.schleiereule.at/english/englframe.html

  A project to protect the barn owl in Austria.

  BANGALORE BARN OWL CONSERVATION GROUP

  www.bangalorebarnowl.com/barnowl.php

  THE BARN OWL CENTRE OF GLOUCESTERSHIRE

  www.barnowl.co.uk/

  The centre helps provide a sanctuary for owls in need.

  BOCN – THE BARN OWL CONSERVATION NETWORK

  www.bocn.org/

  A UK network of specialist voluntary advisors, working to help this species by promoting a nationwide habitat creation scheme.

  THE BARN OWL CONSERVATION TRUST

  www.barnowl.co.uk/

  THE BARN OWL TRUST

  www.barnowltrust.org.uk/

  The Trust is at the centre of Barn Owl conservation in the UK.

  BURROWING OWL CONSERVATION SOCIETY OF BC:

  http://burrowingowlbc.org/

  Based in British Columbia, Canada.

  BURROWING OWL PRESERVATION SOCIETY:

  Based in California.

  COTSWOLD OWL RESCUE TRUST

  www.owlrescue.supanet.com/

  A conservation project to ensure a healthy gene pool.

  HEREFORD OWL RESCUE

  www.herefordowlrescue.co.uk/

  A centre that looks after any owl that is in danger or unwanted.

  THE HUNGRY OWL PROJECT

  www.hungryowl.org/

  Started in 2002, The Hungry Owl Project (HOP) is based in Marin County, California. Its mission is to reduce the need for harmful pesticides by encouraging natural predators and by providing a resource of help and information on alternative methods of sustainable pest management.

  INTERNATIONAL OWL SOCIETY

  www.international-owl-society.com/

  Provides a worldwide forum for all those interested in owls.

  THE OWL FOUNDATION

  www.theowlfoundation.ca/

  A conservation organization that operates a centre for the rehabilitation of Canadian Owl species, and the behavioural observation of permanently damaged wild owls in a breeding environment.

  OWL HALL OF FAME

  www.globalowlproject.com/

  The Global Owl Project (GLOW) proposes a multi-year, worldwide project to resolve aspects of taxonomy and conservation for the world’s owls.

  THE OWL PAGES

  www.owlpages.com/

  An Australian website that disseminates information on all aspects of owls.

  OWL RESCUE

  www.owlrescue.co.uk/

  A one-stop source of information on the subject of owls.

  WILD OWL

  www.wildowl.co.uk/

  Owl conservation project started in the spring of 2006.

  WORLD OF OWLS

  www.worldofowls.com/

  A Northern Ireland centre working to ensure the survival of owls throughout the world.

  WORLD OWL TRUST

  www.owls.org/ and www.worldowltrust.org/

  Leading the world in owl conservation, a trust whose primary aim is to ensure the survival of all species of the world’s owls, promoting scientific research, habitat creation and restoration. Headquarters: World Owl Centre, Muncaster Castle, Ravenglass, Cumbria CA18 1RQ: www.muncaster.co.uk/world-owl-
centre

  Photo Acknowledgements

  The author and publishers wish to express their thanks to the below sources of illustrative material and/or permission to reproduce it. (Some information not placed in the captions for reasons of brevity is also given below.)

  Illustration © ADAGP, Paris and DACS, London 2009: p. 132; from Eleazar Albin, Natural History of Birds (London, 1731): p. 6; from Andrea Alciati, Emblemata (Paris, 1584): p. 61; from Ulysses Aldrovandus, Ornothologia, Book VIII, from Opera Omnia (Bologna, 1656): pp. 149, 153, 191 (right); photo © Arte & Immagini srl/CORBIS: p. 171; photo Yann Arthus-Bertrand/Ardea.com: p. 155; author’s collection: pp. 8, 22 (foot), 24, 30, 46, 50, 58, 65, 66, 67, 68, 71, 94, 95, 101, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 110 (FOOT), 135, 149, 153, 191; photo J. Bain: p. 57; photo © NCBateman1/BigStockPhoto: p. 159; photo Elizabeth Bomford/Ardea.com: p. 156; British Museum, London (photos © Trustees of the British Museum): pp. 19, 40; reproduced by permission of the artist (Claudia at Frith Street Tattoo, London) and Linsay Trerise: p. 110 (top); photo Tom Cooker: p. 146 (foot); photo Jerry DeBoer: p. 172; photo Mike Debreceni: p. 184; photo David Duncan Douglas: p. 127; photo Thomas Dressler/Ardea.com: p. 142; reproduced by kind permission of the artist (Tom Duimstra): p. 135; reproduced by kind permission of the Edmonton Summer Universiade Committee: p. 72; photo Jonker Fourie: p. 136; Galleria Delvecchio, Toronto: p. 33 (top right); by kind permission of Girlguiding UK: p. 69; photos courtesy Glasgow University Library (Department of Special Collections): pp. 61, 62, 63; from John Gould, The Birds of Great Britain, vol. IV (London, 1873): pp. 195 (right), 197 (left), Graphisches Sammlung Albertina, Vienna: p. 118; photos Doak Heyser: p. 32; photo © Holger Hollemann/epa/Corbis: p. 146 (top); photo John and Karen Hollingsworth/US Fish and Wildlife Service: p. 142; photo © Hulton-Deutsch Collection/CORBIS: p. 47; photo © karmaamarande/BigStock-Photo: p. 163; photo Albert W. Kerr: p. 169; reproduced by kind permission of Monika Kirk: p. 111; photo Rolf Kopfle/Ardea.com: p. 154; photo © madscotsman/BigStockPhoto: p. 141; from Saverio Manetti, Ornithologia Methodice Digesta atque Iconibus Aeneis, vol. I (Florence, 1767): pp. 195 (left), 197 (right), 199; photo © Mary Evans Picture Library: p. 44; reproduced by kind permission of Leeds City Council: pp. 74, 75 (top); reproduced by permission of the artist (Andrew Mass): p. 71; photos © Toby Melville/ Reuters/Corbis: pp. 83, 84; photo Stefan Meyers/Ardea.com: p. 178; from Georgette de Montenay, Emblematum Christianorum centuria (Zurich, 1584): p. 63; Musée des Beaux-Arts, Dijon: p. 43; Musée du Louvre, Paris: p. 25; Musée Municipal, Saint-Germain-en-Laye: p. 112; Museé Picasso, Antibes: p. 130; Museé Picasso, Paris: p. 129; Musées Royaux des Beaux-Arts, Brussels: p. 132; Museo degli Argenti, Florence: p. 171; Museo Tumbas Reales de Sipán, Lambayeque, Peru: p. 33 (top left); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston: p. 20 (top); Museum of Modern Art, New York (digital image © 2009 The Museum of Modern Art, New York/Scala, Florence): p. 134; reproduced by kind permission of Nagoya City Archive: p. 75 (middle); photo Michael A. Pancier: p. 158; from Guillaume de la Perrière, Morosophie (Lyons, 1553): p. 62; courtesy Christopher Pinney: p. 49; Prado Museum, Madrid: pp. 113, 114, 115; private collection: p. 126; Provincial Museum, Victoria, BC, Canada: p. 99; photo Nigel Pye: p. 152; photo © Neil Rabinowitz/Corbis: p. 98; photo Sid Roberts/Ardea.com: p. 160; Basilica di San Lorenzo, Florence: p. 120; reproduced by kind permission of Sheffield Wednesday Football Club: p. 73 (foot); © The Estate of E. H. Shepard, reproduced with permission of Curtis Brown Group Ltd., London: p. 89; photo Michel Sima: p. 128; © Succession Picasso/DACS 2009: pp. 126, 127, 128, 129, 130; photo by Terras Photography : p. 55; University Library, Cambridge: p. 9; photo © wallbanger/BigStockPhoto: p. 147; photo M. Watson/Ardea.com: p. 165; Werner Forman Archive: p. 99; © West Baffin Eskimo Co-operative Ltd, Cape Dorset, Nunavut, Canada: pp. 105, 106, 107; photo Stephen White, courtesy Jay Jopling/White Cube (London) – © Tracey Emin, all rights reserved, DACS 2009: p. 138; from George Wither, A Collection of Emblemes, Ancient and Moderne: quickened with metricall Illustrations, both morall and divine. . . (London, 1635): pp. 46, 65, 66, 67, 68; photos Jim Zipp/Ardea.com: pp. 164, 182; photos © Zoological Society of London: pp. 195, 197, 199.

  Index

  aborigines 97

  Acheron 26

  Aesop 77

  Africa 93–6, 94, 95, 136, 137, 142 for African tribes see also Balozi, Kikuyu, Kuba, Songye for African countries see also Angola, Cameroon, Congo, Egypt, Guinea Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya

  African Scops owl 142

  Ainu 57–8, 57

  Alciati, Andrea 60–63, 61

  Alberta 72

  Albin, Eleazar 6

  Aldrovandus, Ulysses 149, 149, 153, 190, 191

  Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland 85, 86

  American Indian 32, 36, 97–105, 98, 99, 100, 101, 103, 104

  Andaman Islands 190–91 Andros Island barn owl see Bahaman great owl

  Angola 96, 110 see also Chockwe

  Apache see Native American tribes

  Aris, Fred 134–5

  Aristophanes 21, 25

  Aristotle 168

  Ascalaphus 26,26–7

  Ashevak, Kenojuak 105–8, 105, 106, 107

  Asia 48–51, 57–8, 96–7 see also Ainu, Andaman Islands, China, India, Japan, Korea, Mongolia

  Athene 19, 21, 21, 22, 23, 25, 27

  Athens 21, 23–5, 65, 68, 80, 82

  Australia 97

  Babylon 18–19

  Bahaman barn owl see Bahaman great owl

  Bahaman great owl 186–7

  Balgonie Castle, Fife 55

  Balozi 95

  Barcelona 70

  Barlow, Francis 170

  barn owl 7, 19, 93–5, 112, 113–16, 119, 148, 152, 154, 186–7, 190–91, 191

  Bernard, Wally 100

  bestiary 9, 41, 168–9

  Bible 39–40

  Bordeaux 92

  Bosch, Hieronymus 111–17, 112, 113, 114, 115

  breeding 143, 162–6, 181, 191

  Brittany 92

  Brownies 69–70

  Brown Owl (Brownie leader) 69–70, 69

  Bubi 181

  ‘Burney Plaque’ see Queen of the Night

  burrowing owl 143, 159, 184

  burung hantu 96

  butterflies 165, 166

  Caddo see Native American tribes

  Cajun see Native American tribes

  Cameroon 93

  Caprichos, Los (Goya) 121–3

  Carroll, Lewis 86

  Catawba see Native American tribes

  Celebes (Sulawesi) 96–7

  Chamberlain, Neville 187

  Chauvet Cave 14, 15

  Cherokee see Native American tribes

  Chickcharnie 186–7

  China 29–31, 30, 96

  Chockwe 95

  Choctaw see Native American tribes

  Church of San Lorenzo 119–21, 120

  classification 190–91

  Collection of Emblemes, A see Withers, George

  Columbus Owls (ice hockey team) 73

  Columella 27

  Congo Bay owl 95, 176

  Congo, Democratic Republic of 110

  conservation 95, 175–7, 191

  Corinth 25–6

  Cornwall, Barry 81–2

  Creek see Native American tribes

  Crimea 84, 86

  Cromwell, Oliver 47–8, 47

  crow 7, 56, 78–9, 150, 180

  Dayton Owls (ice hockey team) 73

  Disasters of War, The (Goya) 123–4

  Djehuty-nekht 20

  Dolní Věstonice, Czech Republic 16, 16

  Duggan, Mike 109–10

  Duimstra, Tom (‘tom d’) 135–7

  Dürer, Albrecht 111, 117–19, 118, 169–70

  eagle owl 57, 90, 147, 148, 155, 179–81, 190

  ears 132–3, 149–51

  Edward VII 72

  Egypt 19–21, 20, 22, 26, 73, 124, 134

  elf owl 181–3, 182

  Emblematum Liber (Alciati) 60

  Emin, Tracey 137–8, 138


  Eskimo see Native American Tribes

  Eurasian eagle owl 90, 179–80, 178

  evil 8–9, 27, 31, 39, 41–5, 48, 57–9, 64, 93–5, 97, 100, 101, 116, 117, 123, 133, 175

  Eye Goddess, Mesopotamian 23

  eyes 46–7, 57, 70, 95, 144–8

  Fables of Bidpai see Panchatantra

  Finland 180–81

  flightless owl 186–7

  Florence 119–20, 170

  France 12–17, 92

  Garuda 78

  Gay, John 80

  Germany 37–8, 92

  Gesner, Conrad 190, 191

  giant owl see Eurasian eagle owl

  Girl Guides see Brownies

  God of Thunder 31

  Goya, Francisco 121–4, 122, 123, 131

  Grand Rapids Owls (ice hockey team) 73

  Grandville, J. J. 53 see also La Fontaine, Jean de

  Graves, Morris 133–4, 134

  great grey owl 71–2, 90–91

  great horned owl 13–14, 14, 72, 161, 164, 172

  Greece 21–7, 21, 22, 25, 26

  grey owl 147

  Guinea Bissau 110

  Halloween 45

  Harry Potter (Rowling) 90–91, 181

  Hedwig, see Harry Potter

  Helsinki 180–81

  Historia Animalium (Aristotle) 168

  Hoot (film) 175–6, 177

  Hopi see Native American Tribes

  Hortus Sanitatus 35–6

  hunting 54, 92, 95, 108, 140, 143, 150–61, 152, 173, 179, 181–3, 185

  hieroglyphs 19, 20, 22

  India 9, 48–51, 49, 50, 78

  Indonesia 96

  Ireland 92–3

  Ivory Coast 110

  Japan 47, 75

  Jonson, Ben 35

  Jordan 110

  Kenya 95

  Kikuyu 95

  Kingwatsiak, Iyola 107, 108

  Kirk, Monika 110–11

  Korea 96

  Kuba 95

  Kuna see Native American tribes

  Kwakiutl see Native American tribes

  La Fontaine, Jean de 52, 53, 54, 79

  Lakshmi 48–51, 49

  Lakota see Native American tribes

  La Perrière, Guillaume de 62, 63–4

  La Viña cave, Spain 16

  Lear, Edward 86–8, 87, 88

  Leeds 73–75, 74, 75

  Lei-gong 31

 

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