Caught in the Revolution
Page 44
Putilov lock-out, 46–7; Women’s Day protests; bread-riots, 49–60, 188; Putilov strike begins, 62–3; looting begins, 63; troops and faraony ordered to clear crowds, 64–5; Cossacks side with protesters, 65–6; looting of Pekar’s patisserie, 66–7; Tsar informed of disturbances, 69; Khabalov institutes draconian measures to control city, 71; violence near Anichkov Bridge, 73–4; massacre at Znamensky Square, 75–6; Pavlovsky Regiment mutiny, 78; party at Princess Radziwill’s palace, 79–80; Duma prorogued, 80–1; Red Monday mutinies and violence, 83, 85–105; Tsar announces plans to return, 100; Duma forms Provisional Executive Committee; orders arrest of Council of Ministers, 101; formation of Petrograd Soviet, 101; Baltic fleet mutiny at Kronstadt, 140, 207; violence at Hotel Astoria, 109–16; killing of Stackelberg, 117–18; surrender of Arsenal, 122; Duma and Soviet negotiate at Tauride Palace; arrests of tsarist ministers, 122–8; militia formed to keep peace, 130; abdication of Tsar, 59, 135–7; Provisional Government formed, 137–9; destruction of imperial insignia, 140–2; Allies recognise Provisional Government; diplomats received at Mariinsky Palace, 149–51; funeral held for casualties, 153–9, 171, 225, 226
feminism, 189, 253; see also women’s rights
Field of Mars, Petrograd, 5, 20, 48, 50, 78, 86, 153–9, 171, 173, 205, 216, 217, 218, 225
Filippov’s bakery, Petrograd, 52
Finland, 27, 28, 45, 78, 144, 162, 179, 206, 224, 241, 267, 269, 300
Finland Station, Petrograd, 10, 27, 92, 160, 162, 163, 177, 258, 294, 327
Finnish Regiment, 175
Fleurot, Arno see under Dosch-Fleurot, Arno
Fontanka River Embankment, 33, 71, 75, 79, 98, 152, 190, 210
food shortages, 16–19, 20–1, 43–5, 48–60, 61–4, 119–20, 180, 203–4, 230–1, 232, 234–6, 237, 250–1, 260, 268, 309–10, 313–16, 333
Ford, 11, 308, 326
France, French embassy, 2–3, 5, 14–15, 20, 23, 38–43, 47, 50, 55, 60, 63, 69, 79, 84, 88, 108, 109, 127–8, 135–7, 139–40, 150–1, 158–9, 163, 166, 167–9, 173, 176–8, 181, 183, 241, 247, 260, 266, 267, 270, 293–4, 299, 300, 304–5, 313, 329
1789 Revolution, 79, 85, 103, 114, 132–3, 137, 244, 271, 272, 307
1848 Revolution, 85, 132
Francis, David Rowland, 8–15, 16, 22, 39, 83, 84, 102, 108, 118, 131, 143, 149–50, 162, 169–71, 204, 205, 218, 220, 223, 233, 242, 244, 245, 247, 258, 259, 266, 274, 303–4, 314, 322, 325–6
Francis, Jane, 9, 13, 14, 218, 220, 227, 312, 314
Francis, Perry, 12, 162, 301
Freedericksz, Baron Vladimir Borisovich, 118
freedom of speech, 124, 139, 143–4, 305, 330
French Embankment, Petrograd, 106, 291, 322
French language, 3, 12, 38, 151, 233, 284, 304
From Tsar to Lenin, 333
Fuller, John Louis, 257, 259–60, 274, 277–8, 290, 315, 316, 317
Furshtatskaya, Petrograd, 11, 84, 102, 163, 204, 216, 218
Fyfe, Hamilton, 29, 94
G
Galicia (Eastern Europe), 206, 209, 230
gambling, 261
Garstin, Denis, 19, 211, 313
gas gangrene, 34
Gatchina, Russia, 296, 299
Gavriil Konstantinovich, Prince, 23
Gaylord, Franklin, 236
General Staff College, Petrograd, 122
George V, 136, 321, 326
Gerhardie, William, 317
German Curse in Russia, The (Thompson) 332–3
Germany, 2, 3, 5, 13, 20, 30, 44, 67, 69, 94, 95, 108–9, 112, 137, 139, 161, 162, 167, 176, 199, 222, 230, 237, 238, 245, 246, 248, 251, 260, 261–2, 283, 295, 300, 303, 308, 309, 314, 325, 329, 332–3
Gibson, William J., 92, 105
Gogol, Nikolay Vasilievich, 59
Gogolskaya, Petrograd, 110, 299
Golder, Frank, 155
golf, 4
Golitsyn, Nikolai Dmitriyevich, 81, 101
Goremykin, Ivan, 126
Gorokhovaya, Petrograd, 306
Government Inspector, The (Gogol), 59
Grabbe, Mikhail, 11
Graflex cameras, 46
gramophones, 14, 319
Grant, Julia, see Cantcuzène-Speransky, Julia
Grant, Lilias, 31, 37
Grant, Ulysses, 12, 190
Grebetskaya, Petrograd, 298
Greenwich Village, New York, 253, 254
Grenadersky Barracks, Petrograd, 292
grenades, 65, 68
Greville, Francis, Lord Brooke, 42
Grey, Sir Edward, 7
Grey, Lady Sybil, 36–7, 57, 74, 75, 97, 111, 127, 328
Guard Equipage, 122
Guchkov, Alexander, 135, 137, 149, 176, 179–80
Gumberg, Alexander, 254, 259
gyroscopic cameras, 73
H
H.H.H.s (‘helpless, hopeless, hystericals’), 38, 302
Hall, Bert, 56, 103, 140
hand-grenades, 65, 68
Harper, Florence, 29–30, 46, 48, 50, 53, 57–8, 64, 65–6, 68, 69, 72–4, 77, 88, 109, 111, 113–16, 128, 130, 147, 152–3, 157, 182, 191, 196, 199, 200, 202–4, 206, 207–8, 222, 242, 244, 249, 331–2
Harper, Samuel, 10
Heald, Edward, 110, 114, 131, 155, 162, 164, 167, 172, 176, 180
Hegan, Edith, 67, 74, 75, 91, 96, 116, 136
Helena, Princess, 35, 36
Henderson, Arthur, 178–9
Hercules, Jim, 334
Hermitage Museum, Petrograd, 80, 174, 182
Hitler, Adolf, 329
Hog Alley, Jefferson, 9, 326
Hotel Astoria, Petrograd, 15–16, 18, 21, 23, 30, 44, 48, 66, 70, 77, 81, 104, 109–16, 128, 147, 171, 172, 189, 192, 197, 202, 203, 204, 235, 240, 242–3, 244, 249, 252, 296
Hotel d’Angleterre, Petrograd, 15, 115, 189
Hotel d’Europe, Petrograd, 12, 16, 40–1, 66, 68, 169, 190, 234, 252
Hotel de France, Petrograd, 15, 28, 85, 100, 234, 250
Hotel Metropole, Moscow, 301
Houghteling, James, 11, 30, 90, 114, 115, 119, 123–4, 141, 149, 150, 157
House of Preliminary Detention, Petrograd, 93
Hubbard, Egerton, 2
I
L’Idée de Françoise (Paul Gavault), 69, 78
ikons, 158
imperial insignia, 140–2, 234, 262
Imperial Yacht Club, 4, 141
Indianapolis, Indiana, 257
Industrial Workers of the World, 253
Inside the Russian Revolution (Dorr), 333
International Harvester, 8
International Women’s Day, 49–53
‘Internationale’, 163
internment camps, 44
Iskra, 161
Islam, 163, 241
Italy, 3, 5, 20, 40, 41, 42, 109, 150, 163, 261, 266, 324
Izmailovsky Prospekt, Petrograd, 199–200
Izmailovsky Regiment, 102
Izvestiya, 103
izvozchiki, see under droshkies
J
Japan, 5, 30, 91, 117, 231, 251, 328
Jefferson, Geoffrey, 34, 36, 141
Jefferson, Missouri, 9, 326
Jewish people, 1, 9, 63, 257
Jordan, Philip, 9–10, 12–14, 23, 150, 170–1, 204, 218, 220, 226–7, 241, 247, 274, 301, 304, 307–8, 309, 312, 314, 322, 326, 334
Journal de St-Pétersbourg, 3
Judson, William J., 167
July Days, 222, 227, 228, 239, 244, 245, 259, 299
K
Kadets, 209, 262
Kalmyks, 163
Kamenev, Lev, 275
Kamennoostrovsky Prospekt, Petrograd, 102, 103
Kantemirovsky Palace, Petrograd, 83
Karsavina, Tamara, 15, 261
kasha, 235, 285
Kazan Cathedral, Petrograd, 54, 57, 63, 167, 170, 175, 198, 320
Keeling, Henry, 148
Keksgolmsky Regiment, 91
Kenney, Jessie, 187–9, 191–3, 197–202, 227–8, 229, 237, 249–50
Kennon, George, 28
Kerby, Edith, 189–90
Kerensky, Alexander, 127, 137–9, 151, 162, 169, 176, 180, 188, 194, 198, 206, 220, 224, 225, 227–9, 231, 237, 238–44, 251, 252, 259, 263–6, 271–3, 275, 281–3, 286, 295–6, 299–300
Khabalov, Sergey, 50, 54, 58, 59, 69, 71, 80
Kiev, Ukraine, 328
Kirill Vladimirovich, Grand Duke, 122
Kirochnaya, Petrograd, 212
Knox, Alfred, 87, 92, 105, 125, 139, 151, 178, 239, 294, 321
Kolomensky Women’s Institute, Petrograd, 195
Konstantin Konstantinovich, Grand Duke, 205
kontributsiya, 176
Konyushennaya, Petrograd, 72
Kornilov, Lavr, 175, 198, 224, 238–45, 260, 286, 295, 299
Korsakov, Nikolay Rimsky-, 238
Krasnov, Pyotr Nikolayevich, 299
Kremlin, Moscow, 301, 331
Krestovsky prison, Petrograd, 92–3, 103
Kristiania, Norway, 189, 257, 273
Kristianiafjod, 165
Kronstadt, Petrograd, 140, 207–9, 215–17, 241, 242, 286, 294, 311
Kronversky Prospekt, Petrograd, 165
Kropotkin, Alexandra, 252
Kropotkin, Peter, 252
Krymov, Alexander, 240–1, 243
Kschessinska, Mathilde, 163
Kschessinska Mansion, Petrograd, 163, 164, 165, 208, 220, 221, 222, 271
L
Labour Party (Britain), 168, 172, 178
Laiming, Vladimir Aleksandrovich, 96
Lake Ladoga, 274
Lampson, Oliver Locker, 104
Lansing, Robert, 149–50
‘Last-Ditchers’ in Petrograd, 325
Latvia, 1, 182, 221, 238, 240, 270, 282
Lawrence, David Herbert, 16
Leeds Russian Archive, 328
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich, 161–6, 171, 174–5, 177, 200, 201, 206, 208–9, 212, 222, 224–5, 228, 230, 240, 241, 252, 259, 275–6, 286, 294–5, 299–300, 269, 285, 305, 306, 313, 329, 330, 331
Leslie’s Weekly, 29
Levashovo, Petrograd, 292
Lewis, Roger 29
Liberty Loan, 234
Lidvall, Fredrik, 16
Lighthouse, see Mayak
Ligovskaya, Petrograd, 75
Lindley, Francis, 95, 168, 243, 281, 327
Liteiny Bridge, Petrograd, 55, 62, 85, 86, 89, 221, 273
Liteiny Prospekt, Petrograd, 40, 47, 49, 63, 75, 84, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 99, 129, 134, 215, 218
Lithuanian Regiment, 85
Litovsky prison, Petrograd, 93
Litovsky Regiment, 91
Livadia, Crimea, 136
Lloyd George, David, 40, 178, 179, 188, 273
Locker Lampson, Oliver, 109–10, 113, 131
Lockhart, Robert Bruce, 7, 10–11, 20, 42, 176
Lombard, Bousfield Swan, 3, 31, 93, 96, 118, 322, 325, 328
London, England, 13, 16, 29, 32, 34, 84, 124, 181, 187, 250, 263, 319, 324, 326, 327, 334
Long, Robert Crozier, 142, 146, 165
looting, 63, 112–13, 116, 119–20, 211–12, 290, 308, 310–13
Louisiana Purchase Exposition (1904), 8
Lunacharsky, Anatoly, 312
Lvov, Georgiy, 137, 176, 180, 201, 224
M
Machine Gun Regiment, 209
machine guns, 45, 48, 54, 58, 64, 67, 68, 73, 76, 82, 91, 97, 105, 129, 211, 215, 216, 218, 222, 279, 284, 291
Magasin Anglais, Petrograd, see English Shop
Malachite Hall, Winter Palace, 289, 293
management-by-committees, 148
Marat, Jean-Paul, 166, 270
Marble Palace, Petrograd, 153, 205, 292
Marcosson, Isaac, 92, 94, 140, 146, 156, 157, 161, 181, 329
Maria Feodorovna, Dowager Empress, 33
Maria Pavlovna, Grand Duchess, 41, 47
Mariinsky Hospital, Petrograd, 75
Mariinsky Palace, Petrograd, 101, 150–1, 175, 286
Mariinsky Theatre, Petrograd, 15, 20, 37, 40, 79, 93, 142, 261, 287
‘Marseillaise’, 50, 73, 112, 155, 163, 173
Marxism, 138, 308
Mary, Queen, 321, 326
Marye, George, 8
Masaryk, Thomas, 189
Masses, The, 253
Maugham, Somerset, 251–2, 262–4, 266–7, 272–3
maxim guns, see under machine guns
Maximalists, 161
May Day, 171–4
Mayak, 8, 236
McCully, Newton, 39
Medved restaurant, Petrograd, 72, 252
‘meetinki’, 144
de Meilhan, Sénac, 79
Melita, Victoria, Grand Duchess Kirill, 118
Mensheviks, 47, 101, 206, 209, 239, 270, 272, 287, 288
Metropolitan Magazine, 253–4
Mewes, George 88
Mexican Revolution (1910–20), 253, 259
Meyendorff, Paul, 78
Meyerhold, Vsevolod Emilevich, 261
Mikhail Alexandrovich, Grand Duke, 136
Mikhailovskaya, Petrograd, 68
Mikhailovsky Theatre, Petrograd, 15, 62, 69, 78–9, 97, 261, 313
Military Club, Petrograd, 321
Military Garage, Petrograd, 91
Military Revolutionary Committee, 282, 285–6, 288, 310
Military Revolutionary Tribunal, 305
Militia, 130, 229
Miller, William, 2
Millicent Fawcett Medical Unit, 32
Millionnaya, Petrograd, 107, 117, 321
Milner, Alfred, 1st Viscount Milner, 40, 42
Milyukov, Pavel, 137, 139, 150, 169, 174, 176, 179–80, 198
Missouri, United States, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 218, 326
Model T Ford, 11, 308, 326
Mogilev, Belarus, 69, 135, 136
Moika River, 71, 85, 201, 212, 287, 298, 299
Moir, Ethel, 31, 37
Molodechno, Belarus, 200
Mooney, Thomas J., 170
Morskaya, Petrograd, 4, 16, 46, 175, 234, 296
Moscow, 52, 131, 137, 176, 238–9, 241, 245, 257, 277, 282, 301–2, 314, 331, 332
Moscow Congress (1917), 238–9
Moskovsky Regiment, 86, 175
Mrs Waller’s Company, 34
Murino golf course, Petrograd, 4, 7, 240
Murmansk, Russia, 274, 326, 333
My Mission to Russia (George Buchanan), 324
My Own Story (Pankhurst), 183
N
nagaikas (short whips), 51, 62, 66
Napoleon I, Emperor, 227–8, 238, 266, 307, 319
Naryshkina, Elizaveta, 247
National City Bank of New York, 8, 12, 17, 59, 61, 82, 107, 117, 205, 216, 257, 277, 290, 302, 309, 315, 317–19, 333
Naudeau, Ludovic, 28–9
Nazi Party, 329
de Néry, Amélie (Marylie Markovitch), 55, 63, 120, 123, 132–3
Neva River, 2, 5, 20, 21, 44, 50, 54, 80, 92, 102, 106, 118, 163, 167, 172, 222, 245, 278, 288, 293, 310, 313
Neva Stearin Soap and Candle Works, 2
Nevsky Prospekt, Petrograd, 2, 33, 48, 49, 51, 56, 57–9, 61–3, 65–8, 70–80, 84, 89, 91, 97, 108, 129, 131, 137, 141, 147, 154, 155, 156, 164, 171, 175, 176, 177, 199, 210, 211, 213, 214, 216, 219, 222, 226, 234, 240, 241, 251, 261, 269, 275, 287, 288, 289, 312, 320, 322
Nevsky Thread Manufacturing Company, 2
New Arsenal, Petrograd, 89
New English Club, 4, 18
New Republic, 212
New York, United States, 8, 9, 13, 16, 27, 29, 146, 182, 205, 213, 225, 229, 251, 253, 254, 270, 272, 300, 330
New York Call, 253
New York Life Insurance Company, 8
New York Times, 29, 224
Newport, Rhode Island, 12
newspapers, 63, 136, 143, 161, 163, 166, 195, 282
Nicholas II, 7, 15, 18, 19, 22, 38–40, 41, 47, 56, 69, 80–1, 84–5, 100, 103, 115, 118, 134, 135, 141, 163, 193, 228, 232–3, 266, 272, 311, 334
Nicholas Station, Petrograd, 63, 65, 67, 77, 93, 160, 214, 233, 241, 248, 286
Nikolay Nikolaevich, Gran
d Duke, 19
Norway, 27, 30, 31, 165, 189, 246, 250, 257, 273
Nostitz, Count Grigory, 41
Nostitz, Countess Lillie (Madeleine Bouton), 41–2, 118, 283, 292, 293, 298
Noulens, Joseph, 241
Novoe vremya, 187, 219
Nutcracker, The (Tchaikovsky) 291
O
O’Grady, James, 168
Observer, 29
Obukhov Hospital, Petrograd, 75
October (Eisenstein), 289, 331
October Revolution, 11, 188, 254, 279–300, 301
Bolsheviks vote for armed uprising, 275–6; Revolution begins, 11, 188, 254, 279–82; Bolshevik newspapers banned, Provisional Government issues arrest warrant for Trotsky, 282; guard raised to protect Provisional Government at Winter Palace, 282–3; Petrograd garrison mutiny, 285; Bolsheviks set up base at Smolny, 284; Aurora anchors beside Winter Palace, 286; Kerensky flees city; Lenin announces Bolshevik takeover, 286–7; Bolsheviks capture Winter Palace, 288–90, 292; Lenin announces new government, 294–5; Committee for Salvation cadets clash with Bolsheviks, 296–9; Lenin announces defeat of Provisional Government, 300
Okhrana, 23, 64–5, 98, 99
Old Arsenal, Petrograd, 87
Olga Nikolaevna, Grand Duchess, 33, 69
opera, 14, 35, 40, 118, 173, 177, 238, 261, 316
Order No. 1, 128
Order of St Andrew, 126
Orthodox Church, 126, 145, 155, 158–9, 160, 166–7, 225–6, 322
Oscar II, 9
Ottoman Empire (1299–1924), 62, 83, 91, 174, 176, 190, 267, 316
Oudendijk, Willem (William Oudendyk), 18, 19, 144, 229, 243, 295, 306, 321
P
Paget, Lady Muriel, 32, 34, 36, 189, 201, 212–13, 250, 327
Palace Bridge, see Winter Palace Bridge
Palace Embankment, Petrograd, 5, 20, 62, 82, 83, 84, 108, 117, 217
Palace of Justice, Petrograd, 87, 89, 104, 134
Paléologue, Maurice, 14–15, 20, 23, 39, 40, 42–3, 47, 79, 84, 85, 108, 127–8, 132, 136, 139–40, 144, 151, 158–9, 166, 167, 168–9, 173, 176, 177, 178
pamphlets, 144, 162
Pankhurst, Christabel, 188
Pankhurst, Emmeline, 183, 187–90, 191–3, 197–202, 227–8, 237, 239, 249–50
Pankhurst, Sylvia, 188
papirosy, 101
Parchevsky, Tovarishch, 208
Paris, France, 41, 42, 63, 69, 79, 132, 169, 178, 181, 183, 300
Pathé, 233, 333
Patouillet, Louise, 61, 72, 156, 157, 267, 304–5
Pavlovsky Barracks, Petrograd, 153
Pavlovsky Regiment, 74, 78, 81, 85, 107, 175, 210
Pax, Paulette, 69, 78, 97, 247, 313
Pekar’s patisserie, Petrograd, 66–7
People’s House, Petrograd, 278
Peter I the Great, 141, 261, 320
Peter and Paul Fortress, Petrograd, 78, 104, 122, 127, 156, 220, 221, 222, 243, 288, 290, 291, 293, 298, 325