The Righteous: The Unsung Heroes of the Holocaust
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Saint Cybard, Sister: a rescuer
St Francis of Assisi: Jews hidden in his birthplace
St Gallen (Switzerland): Jewish women prisoners reach hospital in
St Genis-Laval (France): a rescuer executed at
St Hedwig’s Cathedral (Berlin): prayers for the Jews offered up in
St Helier (Channel Islands): a rescuer in
St Joseph’s Church (Arendonk, Belgium): a baptism in
St Joseph’s Orphanage (Brussels): opens gates to Jewish children
St Julien en Genevois (France): an escape route through
St Marguerite Catholic boarding school (France): shelters Jewish girls
St Marie Scharbeek Church (Brussels): the pastor of, shelters a Jewish child
St Mary’s Convent (La Bouverie, Belgium): shelters Jews
St Niklaas (Belgium): a safe haven in
St Paul d’Eyjeaux (France): a rescuer interned at
St Privat-de-Vallongue (France): a Jewish girl sheltered in
St Servais (Belgium): Jewish children given sanctuary in
St Vincent, General de: refuses to arrest Jews
salami: a police dog distracted by
Salinger, Mania: recalls a German’s Righteous acts
Salkhazi, Sister Sara: a rescuer, executed
Salonika (Greece): Jews of, and Italian protection
Saloschin, Paul: deported
Sambor (Eastern Galicia): Jews saved in
Samuel, Henriette: and an escape to Sweden
San Benedetto (Italy): Jews given refuge in
San Damiano (Italy): an escape to
San Damiano Monastery (Assisi, Italy): Jews hidden in
San Francisco (California): and a German rescuer
San Giovanni Rotondo (Italy): a Jewish refugee hidden in
San Lorenzo (Friuli, Italy): a place of refuge in
Sandezer, Felicja: saved
Sandrigaylo, Emma: and a Jewish boy in hiding
Sanok (Western Galicia): a safe haven in
Sanz-Briz, Angel: his rescue efforts in Budapest; leaves Budapest; Photo
Saperstein, Captain Harold (Rabbi Saperstein): describes the actions of a Righteous Belgian
Sarajevo (Bosnia): Muslims protect Jews in
Sarajevo Haggadah: protected
Sardinia: a rescuer from
Sarfati, Buena: and an Italian’s act of rescue
Sarna, Marcin: sheltered, then executed
Sarna, Harvey: his archive
Satoraljaujhelyen (Hungary): a Righteous Calvinist in
Saul, Eric: his ‘Visas for Life’ exhibition
Sauvage, Pierre: reflects on his rescuers; reflects on the stories of the Righteous
Sauvagemont (Belgium): two Jewish boys find refuge in
Sawicka, Maria: helps Jews
Sawicki, Stefan: executed
Sawko family (Jozef, Antoine and Malwina): enable Jews to survive
Schade, Arthur: helps Jews; in an anti-Nazi cell
Schechter, Golda: sheltered, with her children
Schenherr family: help a mother and daughter
Schenker, Eugenia: records betrayals and rescue
Schepaniuk, Roman and Julia: rescuers
Scheveningen (Holland): and an act of rescue
Schijveschuurder, Joop and Loek: in hiding in Holland
Schindler, Emilie: revives Jewish deportees
Schindler, Oskar: saves Jews, xv; at a post-war reunion with some of ‘his’ Jews, Photo
‘Schindler’s List’: submitted to the SS
Schindler’s List (film):
Schivo, Don Beniamino: helps a Jewish refuge
Schläde, Lieutenant: helps Jewish women in a slave labour camp
Schmid, Sergeant Anton: helps save Jews in Vilna; executed
Schmidt, Sergeant: a ‘decent’ German soldier, in a slave labour camp
Schneider, Chawa: arrested and deported
Schneider, Munisch: given refuge
Schneider, Peter: records Righteous acts in Berlin
Schoen family: find a hiding place
Schotte, Marie: hides Jews, in Holland
Schoumans, Jan: rescues a Jewish woman; honoured in Toronto; a ‘humanist’
Schouten, Cornelia: a Dutch rescuer
Schultz, Fritz: helps a Jew
Schultz, Irena: brings help into the Warsaw Ghetto
Schulz, Gustav and Anni: rescuers, in Berlin
Schwartz, Dana (Dana Szapira): in hiding
Schwarz, Helka: saved
Schwarz, Joseph: collects testimonies
Schwarz, Käthe: a rescuer, in Berlin
Schwarz, Sabina: the odyssey of her survival
Schweitzer, Albert: helpers of, become rescuers; and ‘heroic altruism’
Scotland: and a brave teacher; and a soldier-rescuer
Segal, Louis: meets a ‘legendary’ rescuer
Seiden, Cecile: given refuge, with her mother; and the motives of her rescuers
Seidman, Hillel: saved
Sejkorov, Egon and Erna: helped
Selig, Ursula Korn: a German Jewish refugee in Italy, found sanctuary; in hiding, Photo
‘Semitic names’: documents issued without
Semovice (Czechoslovakia): an act of kindness at
Sendlerowa, Irena: heads rescue efforts for children
Sened, Yonat: saved
Senior, Julia Henriquez: helped by a German
Sera and Jaap (two Jewish children): and a failed escape
Serapinas family: give refuge
Serbia: rescue in
Serbs: atrocities against
Servalli, Giovanni: helps a German-Jewish refugee family
Seventh Day Adventists: and a Dutch rescuer
Sevenum (Holland): several hundred Jews hidden in
Seweryn, Tadeusz: recalls fate of Righteous Poles
Seyre (France): Jewish children find refuge at
Shakhbazyan, Knarik: a rescuer
Shaki, Rena: saved
Shanghai: Jews reach
Shaparis, Apolonia: saves a Jewish girl
Shapiro-Rosenzweig, Yetta: in hiding
Sharoni, Baruch: reflects on rescue, xviii; reflects on the numbers of the rescuers
Shavli Ghetto (Siauliai, Lithuania): a girl rescued from; an attempted rescue at
Shelshelovich, Zelda: saved; marries her rescuer
Sheptitsky, Father Ihumen: helps a Jew in hiding
Sheptitsky, Metropolitan Andreas: an appeal to; arranges hiding places; mourned
Shestakovsky, Ignatzia: helps save Jews
Shestakovsky, Mikhail and Mikhilina: ‘noble souls’
Shetz, Ignnetz: saved
Sheyenson (a Jew in Riga): rescued
Shifra (a midwife): defies Pharaoh, xv
Shijak (Albania): Jews find refuge in
Shkoder (Albania): Jews saved in
Shtraim, Bluma: killed, but her son saved
Shtraim, Fima: saved
Shtraim, Ilya: lost; found
Shubaliuk, Svetlana: seeks ‘Valik’
Siauliai (Lithuania): see Shavli Ghetto
Siberia: a pretended exile to; a former exile in
Sicily: conquered
Sieciechowice (Poland): a Jewish girl in hiding in
Siedlce (Poland): Council for Assistance to the Jews in
Siedliska (Poland): Jews betrayed in
Sighet (Hungarian-occupied Romania): and ‘wonderful Maria’
Silberman, Jacques: in hiding, in Belgium
Silberman, Rachelle (Rachelle Goldstein): recalls her rescuer; in a convent garden, Photo
Silbermann, Mr: in hiding
Silesia: and a rescue stratagem
Silvers, Paul: recalls his rescuer
Simaite, Ona: helps Jews, and is punished
Simelis, Jadvyga: dies
Simelis, Mykolas: rescues Jews; murdered for saving Jews
Simond, Albert: helps Jews escape
Singen-am-Hohentwiel (Germany): a crossing to Switzerland through
; Singer, Flora M.: and Father Bruno
Singer, Nechama: given shelter
Singer, Ruszka: given refuge
Sister Ewoud: hides a Jewish girl
Sister Jeanne Françoise: shelters a Jewish girl
Sister Ligoria: gives refuge
Sister Maria (in Liptovsky St Mikulas): her ‘devoted care’
Sister Maria (in Vilna): saves five Jews
Sister Theresa: teaches Jewish girls in hiding
Sisters of Bellegem (Belgium): shelter Jews
Sisters of the Divine Saviour (Budapest): provide refuge
Sisters of Don Bosco (Belgium): hide Jews
Sisters of the Eucharistic Union (Budapest): their rescue discovered
Sisters of the Good Shepherd (France): rescue a Jewish woman
Sisters of Maria Bambina (Gazzaniga, Italy): give refuge to a Jewish brother and sister
Sisters of Mercy of Szatmar (Budapest): hide twenty Jews
Sisters of Mercy (Tluste, Poland): shelter Jews
Sisters of the Order of Divine Love (Budapest): rescue efforts by
Sisters of St Joseph (France): hide Jewish children
Sisters of St Mary (Belgium): give refuge to Jewish girls
Siwek, Stanislaw: helps survivors of a Death Camp revolt
Skaryzsko-Kamienna (Poland): and a decent guard
Skidelsky, Valentin: rescued, in Vienna
Skierniewice (Poland): a Pole executed in
Skipwith, Sofka: helps Jews
Skobtsova, Elizabeth (Mother Maria): hides Jews and helps Jews; arrested; continues her rescue efforts in concentration camp
Skole (Eastern Galicia): a Jewish girl from, given refuge
Skolimow (near Warsaw): work as a gardener at
Skopje (Macedonia): Italian consular protection in
Skorzec (Poland): a rescue near
Skrzeszewski, Helena: saves Jews
Slachta, Margit: saves a Jewish religious leader
Slager, Vreesje and Sonia: in hiding, in Holland
Sletten, Ingeborg: saves Jewish children
Slonim (Poland, later Byelorussia): a Righteous woman buried in
Slovakia: a survivor from, xviii–xix; Jews helped to escape through; Pastor Kuna’s Righteous acts in; Jews from, reach Hungary; Jewish women from, in Auschwitz, and an act of kindness
Slovenia (Yugoslavia): refugees from, reach Italy
Smichov (Prague): a preacher in, calls for support for the Jews
Smit, Karst: a Dutch rescuer
Smit, Romke: a rescuer, killed in action
Smolar, Moshe: saved
Snekkersten (Denmark): Jews cross to Sweden from
Sobibor concentration camp (German-occupied Poland): deportations to
Socha, Magdalena: and a celebration
Socha, Leopold: helps save Jews; killed as ‘God’s punishment’
Society of the Virgin Mary (Budapest): hides sixty Jewish children
Sodom: ‘a righteous man in’
Sofer, Barbara: recounts a Righteous act
Sofia (Bulgaria): an act of rescue in
Sofia (a maid): and a Jew in search of refuge
Soignes, Forest of (Belgium): and a final act of rescue
Sokolinska, Mrs: hides two Jews
Solignac (France): a mother and daughter helped in
Soltisowas (a husband and wife): shelter a Jewish girl
Solymossor, Janos: intervenes to save Jews
Sonenson family: helped by non-Jews
Sorbonne (Paris): police raids on
Sosin, Otton: a tutor
Sosin, Tadeusz and Zofia: rescuers
Sosnowiec (Poland): execution and rescue in; a Jew allowed to write a letter to
Sosnowski, Aleksander: a Righteous Pole, executed
Sotgiu, Girolamo: helps Jews on the island of Rhodes; returns to Sardinia
Souillac (France): a mother and her daughter in hiding in, Photo
‘Sourbe family’: an assumed identity
South Africa: a Jew from, searches for his rescuers
Soviet Union: Jews leave Europe through; Germany invades; post-war Jewish emigration from; see also Red Army
Spain: escape routes to; a Luxembourg rescuer in; Holland welcomes Jews from (after 1492)
Spanish Legation (Budapest): rescue efforts of
Spector, Shmuel: describes an act of rescue; writes about a remarkable German
Spello (Italy): Jews given refuge in
Sperber, Henryk: saved with five members of his family
Spielberg, Steven: and the ‘Golleschau Jews’
Spiessen family: rescuers; ‘we were not heroes…’
Spiessen, Harry and Joss: risk their lives
Spiessen, Natalie: not told that the newcomers were Jewish
Spietz, Alfred: in hiding, captured and deported
Spiska Stara Ves: refuge in the forest near
Spychalski, Jan: helps three Jews
Staermose, Lieutenant Eric: helps Danish Jews escape
Stakauskas, Father: helps hidden Jews
Stalag 20B (prisoner-of-war camp): British rescuers from
Stalingrad, Battle of: and a celebration in hiding
Stanislawow (Eastern Galicia): Jews in hiding in
Stankiewicz, Jonas and Joana: save a Jewish child
Stankiewicz, Nijole: the daughter of rescuers, Photo
Star of David: in the ghettos; a protest against; punishment for not wearing; Goebbels protests at ‘lax’ Italian attitude towards; an Italian diplomat reports German demand to cancel instructions against; a Jewish boy takes off, after twelve days; in Budapest
‘Star of Solomon’ (Star of David): Germans demand cancellation of Italian instructions against
Starczewska-Korczak, Genowefa: helps save a Jewish girl
Steenstra, Albert: a Dutch rescuer, caught and killed
Steenstra, Louisa: a rescuer, forced to go into hiding
Stefan, Metropolitan (of Sofia): protests
Stein, André: interviews a Hidden Child
Stein, Heinz Thomas: given refuge; Photo
Steinberger, Itzhak: recalls a rescuer
Sten, Efraim: recalls a rescuer
‘Stepian, Jan’: an assumed name
Stepinac, Cardinal Aloysius: condones, then condemns and saves
Stepniewski, Tadeusz: a member of the Polish Council for Assistance to the Jews, Photo
Stern, Cecylia: saved, with her daughter Lili
Sternberg, Yaakov: and a Viennese rescuer; and an Austrian rescuer
Stettin (Germany): an attempt to protect deportees from; further deportations from; deportations from Norway through
Stettler family: rescuers, in Belgium
Stock, Ernest: finds his father after the war
Stock, Leo: in hiding in Holland
Stocker, Maria: an Austrian rescuer
Stockholm (Sweden): a rescue mission to
Stojka, Stanislaw: killed for hiding Jews.
Stokowski family: murdered for sheltering Jews
Stoler, Meir: saved
Stolowicki, Michael: saved; Photo
Stolowicze (eastern Poland): an act of rescue in
Stolp (Pomerania): deportations from
Strasbourg (France): Jewish boys from, in hiding, victims of an SS reprisal
Strauch, Richard: a ‘kind’ German
Strausz, Jozsef and Margit: save a Jewish boy
Streekstra family: hide a Jewish girl
Stroka, Leokadia and Kazimierz: hide a Jewish girl
Strom, Alik: given refuge
Stroop, SS General Jürgen: warns Christians not to hide Jews
Strumowka (Poland): a Righteous Ukrainian in
Strutynska-Christow, Teresa: hides Jews
Stryj (Eastern Galicia): an escape from
‘Strzycki, Bolek’: a new identity
Student Struggle for Soviet Jewry: a leader of, and the story of a Righteous act
Studite monastic order: a Jew forced to leave; Jews found shelter with<
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Stumpff, Lieutenant Alfred: testifies to the Righteous acts of a fellow-German
Stutthof concentration camp (near Danzig): deportations to; three Polish activists deported to; and a Polish girl’s gift; a deportee from, saved by British prisoners of war
Styr river: Baptists of
Sudetenland: Oskar Schindler’s factory in
Sugihara, Chiune: helps Jews leave
Sugny (Belgium): a hiding place in
Sunday Telegraph: interviews a Righteous Frenchwoman
Supreme Court (Israel): a future President of, rescued
Susak (Croatia): Jews helped to escape from
Sutzkever, Avraham: in hiding
‘Suzanne’: an assumed identity, Photo
‘Suzy’: an assumed identity
Svitavy (Sudetenland, also called Zwittau): Oskar Schindler’s act of rescue at
Sweden: a survivor living in, helped in Warsaw; escapes to, from Norway; Jews smuggled from Holland to; Jews brought in safety to; buses on their way to, Photo
Swedish Legation (Budapest): its efforts to help Jews; an Arrow Cross attack on
Swedish Protestant Church (in Berlin): a focal point for helping Jews
Swedish Red Cross: negotiates release of Jews; ‘White Buses’ of, Photo
Swiecice (Poland): two Jews hidden in
Swiss Children’s Aid (Secours Suisse aux Enfants): rescues Jewish children in France
Swiss diplomats: help Jews (in Rome)
Swiss Legation (Budapest): rescue efforts of; an infirmary established by, to save Jews, Photo
Switala, Stanislaw: shelters seven Jews
Switzerland: border guards of, xx, a Jew reaches, xx, a police officer in, helps Jews; an offer to flee to; a journey from Poland towards; German Jews reach; escape routes to; fourteen Hungarian Jews sent to; Jews brought from a concentration camp to; a train on its way to, Photo
Swolchen (Holland): a Jewish boy finds refuge in; Photo
‘Sypek, Julia’: an assumed name
Szabo, Oszkar: saves Jews in Budapest; Photo
Szalasi, Ferenc: seizes power in Budapest
Szapira, Dana: hidden, with her mother
Szapira, Lusia: in hiding
Szczebrzeszyn (Poland): the fate of a Righteous Pole
Sztajer, Abraham: in hiding; avoids being shot
Sztehlo, Pastor: his rescue efforts; Photo
Sztehlo, Ilona: ‘a heroine’
Sztojay, Dome: protests against deportations from Hungary
Szwajcer family: given refuge in Italy
Szwajcer, Josef: rescued, then shot
Tanner, Jana: recalls Righteous acts
‘Tante Co’ (Dr Nicolette Bruining): a Dutch rescuer
Taquet, Marie: shelters eighty Jewish children
Taratuta, Aba and Ida: obtain information about a rescuer