Bloody Mary
Page 68
8. Sp. Cal. XI, 169-70.
9. Ibid., 131.
10. Ibid., 188.
11. Cited in Philip Hughes, II, 195 note.
12. Narratives of the Days of the Reformation, ed. John Gough Nichols (Westminster, 1859), pp. 315-18.
13. Chappell, pp. 54-55.
14. Chronicle of Queen Jane and of Two Years of Queen Mary, p. 16.
15. Machyn, pp. 41, 332 note; Wriothesley, II, 97ft.
16. Sp. Cal. XI, 188, 172,
17. Ibid., 189.
18. Ibid., 132..
19. Ibid., 189.
20. Ibid., 215.
Chapter XXXII
1. Clifford, pp. 48-49.
2. Sp. Cal. XI, 262.
3. Chronicle of Queen fane and of Two Years of Queen Mary, p. 27.
4. Ibid., p. 30.
5. This account of Mary’s royal entry is taken from J. R. Planche, Regal Records (London, 1838), pp. 3-11; Anglo, pp. 319-22; and Chronicle of Queen Jane and of Two Years of Queen Mary, pp. 27-30.
6. Sp. Cal. XI, 259-60.
7. Ibid., 210.
8. The design of Mary’s crown is given from a rare French print in Planche, p. 78.
9. Sp. Cal. XI, 261.
10. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign Series, of the Reign of Mary, 1553-1558, ed. William B. Turnbull (London, 1861), p. 18.
11. Sp, Cal. XI, 114.
12. Ibid., 241-42.
13. Ibid., 228.
14. Ibid., 431, 322,114.
15. Ibid., 294.
16. Ibid,, 165,
Chapter XXXIII
1. Tytler, II, 1365.
2. Sp. Cal. XI, 225.
3. Ibid., 222-23.
4. William H. Prescott, History of the Reign of Philip the Second, King of Spain, ed. John Foster Kirk, 3 vols. (Philadelphia, 1883), II, 54-57.
5. Sp. Cal. X, 5 and note.
6. Tytler, II, 245.
7. Sp. Cal. II, 131-32.
8. Ibid., 206.
9. Prescott, Philip The Second, pp. 1,85; Sp. Cal. XI, 177-78.
10. Sp. Cal. XI, 381.
11. Ibid., 391.
12. Ibid., 296-97.
13. Ibid., 228.
14. Ibid., 328.
Chapter XXXIV
1. Rene Aubert de Vertot, Ambassades de Messieurs de Noailles en Angle-terre, 5 vols. (Leyden, 1763), II, 342.
2. Tytler, II, 260.
3. Ibid., 263.
4. Vertot, II, 142-48.
5. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, Reign of Mary, pp. 16, 30-31.
6. Documents Relating to the Revels at Court in the Time of King Edward VI and Queen Mary, ed. Albert Feuillerat (Louvain and London, 1914), p. 289; Jones, Tudor Commonwealth, pp. 21-22.
7. Sp. Cal. XI, 357.
8. Stone, p. 263 note; Sp. Cal. XI, 367.
9. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, Reign of Mary, p. 41.
10. Ibid., 17.
11. Ibid., 48.
12. Sp. Cal. XI, 392.
13. John Strype, Ecclesiastical Memorials, 7 vols. (Oxford, 1816), IV, 87-88.
14. Sp. Cal. XI, 363-65.
15. Ibid., 372.
16. Ibid., 307.
Chapter XXXV
1. Sp. Cal. XI, 300.
2. Ibid., 322—23.
3. Ibid., 292.
4. Clifford, p. 80.
5. Sp. Cal. XI, 393.
6. Ibid., 253.
7. Ibid., 252-53.
8. E. Harris Harbison, “French Intrigues at the Court of Queen Mary,” American Historical Review, XLV (April 1940), 5375.
9. Sp. Cal. XI, 388.
10. Ibid., XII, 5.
11. Ibid., XI, 403-7.
12. Ibid., XII, 28.
13. Wriothesley, II, 105.
14. Sp. Cal. XII, 17.
15. Ibid., XI, 439.
16. Ibid., XII, 54, 56.
17. An English Gamer, pp. 218-22.
18. Chronicle of Queen Jane and of Two Years of Queen Mary, p. 39.
19. Sp. Cal. XII, 69.
20. Ven. Cal. V, 460; Sp. Cal. XII, 70.
21. The Acts and Monuments of John Foxe, ed. George Townsend and S. R. Cattley, 8 vols. (London, 1837-41), VI, 414.
Chapter XXXVI
1. Chronicle of Queen Jane and of Two Years of Queen Mary, pp. 43, 48.
2. Narratives of the Days of the Reformation, pp. 1335.
3. Ibid., 133.
4. Chronicle of Queen Jane and of Two Years of Queen Mary, p. 52.
5. Robert Fabyan, The New Chronicles of England and France (London, 1911), 714; Sp. Cal. XII, 85.
6. Machyn, pp. 55-57; E. Harris Harbison, Rival Ambassadors at the Court of Queen Mary (Princeton and London, 1940), p. 138 note; Martin A. S. Hume, “The Visit of Philip II,” EHR, VII (April 1892), 273.
7. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, Reign of Mary, pp. 57, 59-60.
8. Ibid., 57.
9. D. M. Loades, Two Tudor Conspiracies (Cambridge, 1965), p. 91.
10. Tytler, II, 330; Vertot, III, 130.
11. Tytler, II, 303-4.
12. Ibid., 39.
13. Ibid., 198ff., 233.
14. Ibid., 15.
15. Ibid., 277.
16. Ibid., 220, 258-59, 261.
17. Ibid., 242.
18. Ibid., 14.
Chapter XXXVII
1. Sp. Cal. XII, 185.
2. Hume, “The Visit of Philip II,” p. 261.
3. Ibid., 262.
4. Ibid., 264-65.
5. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, Reign of Mary, p. 91.
6. Accounts of Philip’s journey to England and his first few days there are in Vertot, III, 184, “Jonn Elder’s Letter” in Chronicle of Queen Jane and of Two Years of Queen Mary, pp. 136-40, and Sp. Cal, XIII, 7-9.
7. Prescott, Philip The Second, 1,105.
8. Sp.Cal. XIII, 2, 31.
9. Hume, “The Visit of Philip II,” pp. 269-70.
Chapter XXXVlll
1. Hume, “The Visit of Philip II,” p. 172.
2. Sp. Cal. XII, 45.
3. Ibid., XIII, 442.
4. Hume, “The Visit of Philip II,” p. 173.
5. Narratives of the Days of the Reformation, p. 170 and note.
6. Sp. Cal. XIII, 11. Accounts of Philip and Mary’s wedding and the banquet that followed it are in Chronicle of Queen Jane and of Two Years of Queen Mary, Appendix 10, pp. 141-44, Appendix 11, pp. 167—72, and Sp. Cal. XIII, lo—11.
7. Sp. Cal. Xin, 26.
8. Ibid., 28,26.
9. Ibid., 6,
10. Ibid., 16.
11. Ibid., 63, 45—46.
12. Ibid., 6.
13. Ibid., 2.
14. Ibid., 30-31.
15. Ibid., 4.
Chapter XXXIX
1. sp. Cai. xm, 49-50.
2. Ibid., 51.
3. Ibid., 52.
4. Ibid., 38, 47.
5. Ven. Cal. V, 108-9,382.
6. Chronicle of Queen Jane and of Two Years of Queen Mary, p. 159.
Chapter XL
1. Luke 1:30.
2. The Acts and Monuments of John Foxe, VI, 582-84.
3. Ibid., 584.
4. Sp. Cal. XIII, 86.
5. Ibid., 78; Narratives of the Days of the Reformation, p. 289 and note.
6. Documents Relating to the Revels, p. 292.
7. Sp. Cal. XIII, 119, 105.
8. Harbison, Rival Ambassadors, pp. 197-98.
9. Ven. Cal, V, 594.
10. Sp. Cal. XIII, 81.
11. Harbison, Rival Ambassadors, pp. 211-12.
12. Tytler, II, 455-56.
13. Ibid., 458.
14. Sp. Cal. XIII, 94.
15. Acts of the Privy Council, New Series, IV, 403.
16. Sp. Cal. XI, 253.
17. Tytler, II, 377; Sp. Cal. XIII, 46.
18. Wriothesley, II, 113.
19. Fabyan, p. 715.
20. Sp. Cal. XIII, 23.
21. Wriothesley, II, 117; Machyn, p. 65.
22. Tytler, II, 340-41; Wriothesley, II, 117-18
.
23. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, Reign of Mary, p. 105.
24. The Acts and Monuments of John Foxe, VI, 647-48,658-59.
Chapter XLl
1. James Arthur Muller, Stephen Gardiner and the Tudor Reaction (New York, 1926), p. 268; Tytler, II, 366; Sp. Cal. XII, 200.
2. Sp. Cal. XIII, 64; Rex H. Pogson, “Reginald Pole and the Priorities of Government in Mary Tudor’s Church,” The Historical Journal, XVIII (March 1975), 10 and note.
3. D. M. Loades, “The Enforcement of Reaction, 1553—1558,” The Journal of Ecclesiastical Studies, XVI (April 1965), 58 note.
4. Sp. Cal. XIII, 95.
5. Ven. Cal. VI: iii, Appendix, 1647.
6. Bishop Burnet’s History of the Reformation of the Church of England, 6 vols. (London, 1820), IV, 354-55.
7. Loades, Two Tudor Conspiracies, p. 145 note.
8. Sp. Cal. XIII, 147.
9. Documents Relating to the Revels, pp. i66ff.
10. Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, I, 64; Wriothesley, II, 125.
11. Machyn, p. 78.
12. Ibid., p. 84.
13. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 32.
14. Sp. Cal. XIII, 166.
15. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 37.
16. Ibid., 50-51; Wriothesley, II, 127.
17. Ven. Cal. VI :i, 45.
18. Ibid., 57.
19. Ibid., 58.
20. Ibid., 60-61; Machyn, p. 86; Tytler, II, 470; Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, Reign of Mary, p. 165.
Chapter XLII
1. The Acts and Monuments of John Foxe, VII, 126.
2. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 76-77.
3. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, Reign of Mary, p. 87.
4. Vertot, IV, 341-44.
5. Ibid., 225-27.
6. Sp. Cal. XIII, 102.
7. Ven. Cal. VI:ii, 1,060.
8. Ibid.
9. Chamberlin, p. 27.
10. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 72.
11. Vertot, IV, 341-43.
12. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 77.
13. Sp. Cal. XIII, 175.
14. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 77.
15. Ibid., 85; Machyn, p. 87; Wriothesley, II, 129.
16. Wriothesley, II, 128; Ven. Cal. VI:i, 85.
17. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 79.
18. Ibid., 80, 87.
19. Ibid., 148.
20. Ibid., 100.
21. Ibid., 84.
22. Sp. Cal. XIII, 207;Ven. Cal. VI: i, 112.
23. Sp. Cal. XIII, 222.
24. Ven. Cal. VI: i, 106.
25. Ibid., 93.
26. Ibid., 107, 99.
27. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, Reign of Mary, pp. 383, 390; Ven. Cal. VI:i, 162.
28. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 83.
29. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, Reign of Mary, pp. 173-74.
30. Ibid., pp. 172-73.
31. Ven. Cal. VI: i, 126.
32. Ibid., 126-27.
33. Acts of the Privy Council, New Series, V, 120.
34. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 144.
35. S. R. Maitland, The Reformation in England (London and New York, 1906), p. 113; Burnet, V, 357.
36. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 120.
37. Stone, p. 351, citing Sloane MS 1,583, f. 15.
Chapter XLIII
1. Ven. Cal. VI :i, 147-48.
2. Ibid., 229.
3. Stone, pp. 350-51, citing Sloane MS 1,583, f. 15.
4. Ven. Cal. VI :i, 180-81.
5. Ibid., 146, 162.
6. Ibid., 141.
7. Sp. Cal. XIII, 248.
8. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 174.
9. Ibid., 178-79.
10. Ibid., 173.
11. Ibid., 178.
12. Ibid., 177-80.
13. Ibid., 183, 186.
14. Sp. Cal. XIII, 238-39.
15. Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, 1,69; Ven. Cal. VI: i, 174.
16. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 239; H. F. M. Prescott, A Spanish Tudor: The Life of “Bloody Mary” (New York and London, 1940), p. 458.
17. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 190, 205.
18. Ibid., 213.
19. Ibid., 218, 197.
20. Ibid., 218, 215.
21. Ibid., 199, 214.
22. Ibid., 245.
23. Maitland, p. 55.
24. Ven. Cal. VI: i, 212.
Chapter XLI V
1. Ven. Cal. VI: i, 270.
2. Ibid., 303.
3. Ibid., 278.
4. Ibid., 281.
5. Ibid., 285.
6. Ibid., 294-97.
7. Ibid., 251.
8. Ibid., 356-57, 259.
9. Ibid., 411-12; Vertot, V, 342-43.
10. Wriothesley, II, 133; Machyn, p. 101.
11. Charles Read Baskervill, The Elizabethan Jig (Chicago, 1929), p. 44; Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, I, 82; Edmund Lodge, Illustrations of British History, 3 vols. (London, 1791), I, 212-13.
12. Shaaber, p. 202.
13. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, Reign of Mary, p. 285.
14. Ibid., 222.
15. Ven. Cal. VI: i, 440.
16. Ibid., 377-78.
17. Madden, pp. 207-8.
18. Ven. Cal. VI :i, 398.
19. Ibid., 319.
20. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, Reign of Mary, pp. 205-4$.
21. Ibid., pp. 206-7.
22. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 374.
23. Ibid., 392.
24. Ibid., 410.
Chapter XL V
1. Stone, p. 356 note.
2. Clifford, p. 66.
3. Ibid., pp. 63-64.
4. Ibid., pp. 64-65.
5. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, Reign of Mary, p. 251.
6. Yen. Cal. VI:i, 434-37.
7. Prescott, A Spanish Tudor, p. 393. The biblical origin of this view that wives ought to see in their husbands an image of Christ is St, Paul’s admonition that husbands ought to love their wives as Christ loved his church.
8. Sp. Cal. XIII, 260.
9. Ven. Cal. VH 376.
10. Ibid., 399.
11. Ibid., 444.
12. Ibid., 402.
13. Tytler, II, 483-86.
14. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 507 note.
15. Ibid., 371.
16. Prescott, Philip The Second, pp. 137-38.
17. Ven. Cal. VT:i, 495, 510.
18. Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, I, 77-78.
19. Ven. Cal. VI :i, 495.
20. Sp. Cal. XIII, 271.
21. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 558.
22. Ibid., 571.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid., 578-79.
Chapter XLVI
1. The Acts and Monuments of John Foxe, VI, 611, 618.
2. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 386.
3. Shaaber, p. 49.
4. Hughes, II, 299-300 and notes; Narratives of the Days of the Reformation, p. 295.
5. Ibid., 269—70.
6. These statistics are taken from the careful research of Hughes, II, 259 and note, who took them from Foxe. Of course, Foxe gave few particulars about most of the Marian victims whose deaths he recorded, and his purpose in writing was to discredit Mary and her policies. His vast compilation, while it illuminates the history of Mary’s reign, nevertheless obscures much. In the words of one modern commentator, Foxe’s volumes “lie like a mountain range between ourselves and the facts of the Marian persecution.”
7. Hughes, II, 275.
8. Ibid., 300.
9. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 363.
10. Machyn, pp. 101,403.
11. Ven. Cal. VI :i, 409.
12. Sp. Cal. XIII, 276.
13. Acts of the Privy Council, New Series, V, 265.
14. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, Reign of Mary, p. 231; Ven. Cal. VI: i, 620.
15. Ven. Cal. VI:ii, 1,061-63.
16. Ibid., 806,
17. Ibid., 748.
18. Ibid., 778.
19. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, Reign of Mary, p. 278.
20. Ven. Cal. VI:ii, 868, 678-79.
21. Machyn, p. 124.
Chapter XLVII
2. Ibid.; Ven. Cal. VI:ii, 968.
3. Ven. Cal. VI: ii, 1,053-59.
4. Ibid., 1,008.
5. Ibid., 1,154.
6. Quoted in Harbison, Rival Ambassadors, p. 319.
7. Ibid., pp. 322ft.
8. Ven. Cal. VLii, 1,095,1,208.
Chapter XLV III
1. Acts of the Privy Council, New Series, VI, 91.
2. Sp. Cal. XIII, 330.
3. Acts of the Privy Council, New Series, VI, 235 and passim.
4. Ven. Cal. VI:iii, 1,445.
5. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, Reign of Mary, p. 373; Ven. Cal. VI:iii, 1,446.
6. Sp. Cal. XIII, 340-41.
7. Ibid., 367.
8. Ibid., 366.
9. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, Reign of Mary, p. 157.
10. Sp. Cal. XIII, 376-77.
11. Hughes, II, 236-39.
12. Rex H. Pogson, “Revival and Reform in Mary Tudor’s Church: a Question of Money,” The Journal of Ecclesiastical History, XXV (July 1974), 249-65 passim.
13. Ven. Cal. VI:iii, 1,482.
Chapter XLIX
1. John Knox, The First Blast of the Trumpet against the Monstrous Regiment of Women, ed. Edward Arber (London, 1878), pp. u-12.
2. Madden, p. cxlv note.
3. Sp. Cal. XIII, 392-93.
4. Ibid., 392.
5. Acts of the Privy Council, New Series, VI, 122.
6. Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, I, no.
7. Clifford, pp. 68-69.
8. Ven. Cal. VLiii, 1,544.
9. Sp. Cal. XIII, 398.
10. Ibid., 399, 400.
11. Ven. Cal. VI:iii, 1,538.
12. Ibid., 1,549.
13. Strype, III, ii, 550.
14. Clifford, pp. 71-72.
15. Ven. Cal. VI:iii, 1,551, 1,556.
16. Machyn, p. 178.
17. Sp. Cal. XIII, 440.
18. Old English Ballads, ed. Hyder E. Rollins (Cambridge, 1920), pp. 23-24.
Select Bibliography
PRIMARY SOURCES
Acts of the Privy Council of England. New series, ed. John Roche Dasent. 32 vols. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1890-1918.