by Max Hastings
Japanese Navy: pre-Pearl Harbor contradictions, 150; intelligence department, 519; monitors US traffic, 521
Jebb, Gladwyn: defends MI6, 15; requests Grand’s dismissal, 263
Jeffreys, John, 73
Jenke, Albert, 461
Jenkins, Roy, 413
Jensen, Willi, 452
Jews: Nazi persecution of, 300, 310; join Soviet partisans, 324; Schellenberg exchanges for trucks, 481
‘Jim’ (German agent), 63
Jodl, Gen. Alfred, 401
John, Otto, 365
Johnson, Celia, 512
Johnston Island (Pacific), 169
Joint intelligence Committee (JIC): on German invasion threat, 53; on German invasion of Russia, 125, 132, 203–4, 206; composition, 201–2; honest reporting, 201; efficacy and judgements, 203–6; reports on enemy strengths and dispositions, 205; research staff, 299; scepticism over German V-weapons, 425; misinterprets Ardennes offensive, 498–9, 501; underestimates enemy’s military capabilities, 554
Joint Intelligence Staff, 202–3
Jones, Eric, 88
Jones, Reginald V.: on importance of radio, xix; and jamming of Luftwaffe navigational beams, xxii; Bohr confides in, 9; background and career, 42–3; reads and believes ‘Oslo Report’, 42–4; and Dunderdale’s information on Ju-88, 47; passes Ultra decrypt to Nutting, 75; on using mixed information, 203; on presentation of successful results, 209; identifies German radar system, 256; and Bruneval raid, 258–9; shown list of suspect scientists, 350; knowledge of Luftwaffe bomber-plotting table, 418; on German V-weapons, 422–4, 426–8, 430; deceives Germans over V-1 targeting, 427; post-war career and death, 544
Jordan, Harold, 419–20
Josendale (OSS officer), 493
Joseph, Bella, 377–8
Joseph, Julius, 377–8
Joyce, William (‘Lord Haw Haw’), 444
Juricka, Stephen, 162
Justice, Cecilia Chapman, 289
Kahn, David, xxv
Kaltenbrunner, Ernst, 6, 61, 472, 474, 480, 482, 523
Kamenz, Lt. Paul, 138
‘Kammhuber Line’ (German radar system), 256, 259
Karens (Burma), 516
Kartashev, Mikhailov, 318–19
Kasparov, Grigori, 381
Kasserine Pass, Battle of (1943), 50, 410
Katyn: massacre of Polish officers, 119, 363, 368, 371
Katz, Barry, 303
Katz, Joseph, 378
Katz, Otto, 376
Kavinsky, Ivan, 175
Kawai, Taikichi, 37
Keitel, Field-Marshal Wilhelm, xxi, 128, 399, 472
Keller, Professor (Swiss), 347
Kempe, Henne, 539
Kempeitai (Japan), 148–9
Kennan, George, 292
Kennedy, Maj. Gen. John, 98
Kennedy, Paul, 547–8
Kenney, Maj. Gen. George, 509
Kenny, John, 337
Kershaw, Martha Belle, 289
Kersten, Felix, 478
Kesselring, Gen. Albert, 21, 311, 410–11, 418
Ketel, Helmut, 35
KGr100 (German pathfinder unit), 81
Kharkov, 228
Kheifetz, Gregory, 525–6, 532
Khrushchev, Nikita S., 318–19
Kiev, 223
Kikoin, I.K., 528
Killer, Ilse, 496
Kimmel, Admiral Husband, 160
King, Captain John, 5, 350
Kipling, Rudyard: Kim, 9
Kirinovic, Captain Jan, 45
Kistiakowsky, George, 527
Kitabayashi, Tomo, 181
Kitze, Hans-Christian von, 465
Kliemann, Major Emile, 439
Kluge, Field-Marshal Günther von, 193, 310
Klugmann, James, 353–4
Knatchbull-Hugessen, Sir Hughe, 460–3
Knockholt, Kent, 406, 416
Knowles, Cmdr Kenneth, 508
Knox, Dillwyn: in Great War, 9; meets Polish codebreakers, 12; breaks into Abwehr cipher machine, 60; employed at Bletchley Park, 73, 87; death from cancer, 76–7; difficult relations with Welchman, 76–7; on operator error, 79–80; supports talented women, 83–4
Knox, Frank, 380
Kobulov, Amayak (‘Zakhar’), 116–17, 118, 120–1
Kobulov, Bogdan, 117
Kocher, Otto, 475
Koga, Admiral Mineichi, 406
Kohima, 510
Kokoda Trail battles (Papua-New Guinea), 509
Kolbe, Fritz, 308–9, 311, 462
Kondo, Vice Admiral Nobutake, 138–9
Konoye, Prince Fumimaro, 179, 181
Kopkow, Hauptsturmführer Horst, 242
Koppi, Hans, 121
Korotkov, Alexander, 115–17, 119–21, 241
Kotschesche, Mihail, 495–7
Koutrik, Folkert van, 11, 45–6
Kozo, Izumi, 184–7, 367, 550
Kra isthmus, Thailand, 515
Kramer, Cmdr Alwin, 164
Kramer, Charles, 381, 531
Kramer, Karl-Heinz, 467–8, 481
Kranzbühler, Major, 190–1
Krebs (German trawler), 82
Kreiger, Leonard, 300
Kreipe, Gen. Heinrich, 268
‘Kremlin, The’ (German deception plan), 193
Kriegsmarine (German navy): Enigma machines, 82; signals intelligence, 219
Krivitsky, Walter, 360
Kroner, Brigadier-Gen. Hayer, 162
Krug, Peter, 285
Kruger, Karl, 10–11
Krupskaya, Nadezhda, 526
Kuckchoff, Adam (‘Old Man’), 120
Kuczynski, Jurgen, 525
Kudo, Captain Katsuhiko, 141
Kuebart, Wilhelm, 473
Kulikov, Ivan, 237
Kunze, Werner, 448
Kur, Ernst, 26
Kurmin, Col. (of Russian 12th Army), 224
Kurnakov, Sergei, 533
Kursk, 188, 227, 400, 547
Kuznetsov, Col. Gen. Fedor, 232
Kuznetsov, Lt., 320
‘Kvant’ (or ‘Hustler’), 531
Kvasnikov, Leonid, 525
Kwajalein atoll, 506
Lahousen, Col. Erwin, 62
Lai Tek, 515
Lamplaugh, Maj. Gen., 510
Langbehn, Carl, 478
Langer, Col. Gwido, 12
Langley, Lt. Col. James, 277, 440
Lanz, Lt. Gen. Hubert, 390
Larsen, Svend, 301
Lasswell, Red, 170
Latvia: welcomes German invaders, 317
Lauenberg (German ship), 82
Lauwers, Hubertus, 269–70
Lawrence, Costa, 269
Layton, Edwin, 159, 162, 165–6, 168–9
Leclerc, Gen. Jacques-Philippe, 487
Lee, Duncan, 378
Leese, Gen. Sir Oliver, 511
Lehmann, Willy (‘Breitenbach’), 27–9, 114–15, 122, 189, 241, 243
Leibbrandt, Sydney Robey, 346
Lemichik, Captain, 321
Lemoine, Rodolophe (born Rudolf Stallman), 8
Lempe, Julius, 83
Lend-Lease, 380, 383
Lenin, Vladimir I., 24
Leningrad, 225–6
Lestraint, Gen. Charles de, 276
Lever, Mavis, 83, 87
Lexington (US carrier), 522
Leyte Gulf, 518, 522–3
Liberator aircraft, 221
Lichtenstein airborne radar (German), 419
Liddell, Guy: on Canaris, 6; on Best, 46; on Polish cryptanalysts seeking asylum in Britain, 47; sceptical of downed German plane in Belgium, 49; deplores torture methods, 53; on unsuitable agents in New York, 97; on visiting FBI agents, 100; denounces Japanese request for details of national grid, 144; qualities, 207; Trevor-Roper respects, 208; on agent ‘Max’, 235; on lack of cooperation with SOE, 268; on Duke of Alba, 348; on communist penetration of services, 349, 352; on Russian superiority in espionage, 351–2; on Ronald Seth, 444; authorises passing British railway timetables to Germans, 468; and German knowledge of Allie
d invasion plans, 485; on communist penetration of Manhattan Project, 534; denounced as possible traitor, 543; on pre-war espionage, 550
Lidice, Czechoslovakia, 250
Lier-Hansen, Knut, 280
Ligne, Prince Charles de, 464
Lindquist, Martin, 474
Linlithgow, Victor Alexander John Hope, 2nd Marquess of, 514
Lintz, Leonard, 377
Lippmann, Walter, 378
Lisbon: Japanese consulate raided, 296; as wartime intelligence centre, 338, 341
Liss, Lt. Col. Ulrich, 50
Lithuania: welcomes German invaders, 317
Litvinov, Maxim, 384
Liveley, HMS, 196
Liverskaya, Florentina, 27
Lloyd Committee on German oil resources, 210
Lloyd George, David, 363
Locarde, Professor (of Lyons), 7
Lockhart, John Bruce, 391
Lockhart, Robert Bruce, 207, 262–3, 268, 288, 547
Lofoten islands, 82
Long, Breckinridge, 297
Long, Leo, 359
Lorenz Schlusselzusatz SZ40/42 (teleprinter; ‘Tunny’), xxi–xxii, 411–13, 415
Lourenço, Agothino, 338–9
Lourenço Marques, 54, 338, 345–6
Low Countries: German plans to attack through, 49
Lowry, Helen (Mrs Akhmerova), 371, 385
Loxley, Peter, 468
Lubyanka, 133
‘Lucy’ Ring: established in Switzerland, 24, 26, 31; origin of name, 109; Kremlin believes an instrument of Churchill, 110; increases activities, 187, 194; Russians undervalue, 189; and Gourevitch, 190, 239; informants, 239, 244; as Russians’ main access to German high places, 250; Foote and, 251, 542; winds down, 252; harassed, 309; Germans decrypt messages, 476; German traitors inform, 477–8; importance, 548
Luftwaffe: pre-war capabilities, 14; uses Wotan navigational beam, 43; personnel engaged on signals duties, 76; Bletchley deciphers messages, 81, 84; air campaign against Britain, 100; technical secrets uncovered, 255–6; Enigma traffic intercepted and read, 411; electronic defences uncovered, 418–20; intelligence successes, 447; introduces new reflector on Enigma, 503
Lund, Col. Rosher, 344
Lusey, Alghan, 297
Lyon-Smith, Tonia, 249–50, 541
Lyon-Smith, Brigadier Tristram, 541
Lyushov, Gen. Genrikh, 142
Lywood, Wing-Cmdr O.C., 71n
M-109 field-ciphering machine (US), 72
Maasing, Richard, 364
‘Mac’ (agent), 44
MacArthur, Gen. Douglas, 172, 206, 300, 508–9
McCarthy, Joseph, xvi, 369, 543
McCormack, Col. Alfred, 100, 403–4, 454
McCormick, Captain Lynde, 168
Machivariani, Georgi, 179
Mackenzie, Colin, 514
Maclean, Donald, 314, 351, 354, 356–9, 359, 361, 363, 367, 525, 527, 543
Maclean, Fitzroy, 278
Maclean, Melinda (née Marling), 357
MacNeill, Gen. Hugo, 336
Madrid: as wartime intelligence centre, 338; German ship-watching service closed, 469
Maffey, Sir John, 334
Magdoff, Harry, 381
‘Magic’ (US decrypt material), xxii
Maisky, Ivan, 105, 125–6, 127, 129
Makarov, Mikhail (‘Carlos Alamo’; ‘Chemnitz’), 54, 239, 242, 248
Malaya: British weakness in, 139, 555; in Japanese strategy, 154; British unpopularity in, 513–14; Japanese execute British stay-behind agents, 515; local uncooperativeness, 516
Mallet, Sir Victor, 125, 314–15, 341
Maly, Theodore, 21, 362, 375
Manchuria, 518, 522, 537
Manhattan Project, 385, 524–5, 527–30, 532, 534
Manstein, Gen. Fritz Erich von, 310
Mao Zhedong, 141, 317, 517
‘Mar’ (US scientist), 530–1
March-Phillips, Gus, 266–7
Marcuse, Herbert, 299
Marianas, 521
Maritza (German freighter), 196
‘Market Garden’, Operation, 498, 501, 547
Marogna-Redwitz, Graf, 473
Marovic, Andrea, 460
‘Mars’, Operation, 227, 232–3, 236
Marsden-Smedley, Harriet, 359
Marshall, Gen. George C., 160, 164–5, 396, 401, 404, 537
Marshall islands, 506, 521
Marwitz, Admiral von der, 470
Marzani, Karl, 377
Maskirovka, 238
Mason, Paul, 504
Mason-MacFarlane, Col. Noel, 3–4, 351
Masson, Lt. Col. Roger, 307, 309, 347–8, 475–7
Masterman, J.C., 58, 180
Masur, Norbert, 482
Matapan, Cape, 84
Mathe, André, 418–19
Matsuoka, Yosuke, 126, 151, 386, 396
‘Max’ (Soviet agent) see Demyanov, Alexander
Maximova, Yekaterina (‘Katcha’), 33, 35
May, Sergeant (German cipher expert), 269
Mayer, Hans Ferdinand, 43–4
Mayers, Lt. Cmdr Collin, 143
McKittrick (friend of Malcolm Moss), 211
McLachlan, Donald: on intelligence, xx, 300; advocates using civilians in uniform for intelligence, 69; on Godfrey, 213; on navy’s lapses and mistakes, 221; praises Norwegian agents, 391; on range of intelligence sources, 549
McNeela, Jack, 336
Meckel, Kapitän zur See Hans, 218
Medhurst, Air-Chief Marshal Charles, 91
Meisinger, Joseph, 112, 182
Meitner, Lise, 527
Melland, Major Brian, 208, 235
Mellon, Paul, 27
Menzies, Stewart (‘C’): and Polish mimicked Enigma machine, 12; succeeds Sinclair, 17; Trevor-Roper disparages, 17, 67, 208; expects German attack (January 1940), 49; sedentary activities, 63; promises success in breaking codes, 68; prestige from codebreaking successes, 75; dissuades Churchill from sending Ultra material direct to field commanders, 85; criticised for remoteness, 86; and dissent at Bletchley, 86; dislikes Denniston, 88; seeks link to FBI, 96; appoints Stephenson Passport Control Officer in New York, 97; and liaison with USA, 101; and Cavendish-Bentinck, 202; maintains position, 208–9; reprimands Trevor-Roper, 208; criticises SOE, 268; told of MI6 and SOE losses on continent, 273; and death of Claire, 343; caution over informing Russia of Ultra, 351; appoints Philby head of anti-communist espionage section, 365; assistants, 393–4; qualities, 395; and Ronald Seth (‘Blunderhead’), 440; on ‘Cicero’ affair, 463; remains as MI6 head until 1952, 537; attitude to Turing, 546; on defeat of Germany in 1918, 554
Mercador, Ramón, 381
Merkulov, Vsevolod, 105, 119, 123, 131–3, 175, 178, 383, 455, 538–9
Meyer, Herbert, xx
Meyer-Schertenberg, Wolfsberg, 475
Meyer-Schwertenbach, Paul, 340
MI5: interrogates captured agents, 53; out-station in New York, 97; directors, 207; and Soviet penetration, 360; feuds with SOE, 395; rivalry with other services, 395
MI6: pre-war intelligence on Luftwaffe, 3; overvalues secret information, 4; codebreaking, 8, 75; reputation, 8–9, 15; staffing, 9–10, 392–3; Z Section, 10; and Nazi threat, 13–14; and Venlo incident, 45–6, 68; exaggerates information, 47; and fall of France, 52; unreliability, 54; employs exile governments in London, 55–6; Radio Security Service (RSS; earlier MI5), 58–9, 395; Radio Analysis Bureau, 60, 395; criticised by officials, 68, 70; relations with FBI, 96, 285; Special Liaison Units, 210; Section D, 263; on relations with Free French, 275; dislikes Dulles, 309; report on Ireland, 331; Section IX, 364; Section V, 392; empire-building, 395; on Ardennes offensive (1944), 500; in Asia, 509–10; differences with SOE, 509; continues after war, 537; declines to open archives, 546
MI9, 393
Michael, King of Romania, 296
Michie, Donald, 413
Midway, 167–70; Battle of (1942), 157, 171–2, 504, 551
Mihailović, Dragoljub Draa, 178, 268, 295, 364
Mikhoels, Sol
omon, 526
Miklashevsky, Igor, 176–7
Mikler, Adam, 23
Miller, Robert, 381
Mills, Cyril, 466
Millward, William, 79
Milne, Ray, 349
Milner-Barry, Stuart, 73, 84, 90, 404, 407, 490
Milshtein, Gen. Solomon, 106
Milton, Captain E., 445
‘Mincemeat’ deception, 470
Mironov, Vasilii, 382
Mitchell, Charles, 213
Miyaki, Yotoku, 34, 181
Mockler-Ferryman, Brigadier Eric, 410
Model, Field-Marshal Walter, 498
Modin, Yuri, 362, 364
Modrzhinskaya, Elena, 362, 366
Moeller, Alvar, 474
Mohr, Anita, 37
Mohr, Lt. Ulrich, 136–7
Molodstov, Captain Vladimir, 320
Moloney, Adele, 92
Molotov, Vyacheslav Mikhailovitch: visit to Berlin, 104; on mistrusting intelligence, 113; on posting spies to USA, 371
Moltke, Helmuth von, 204, 395
‘Monastery’, Operation, 228–32, 235, 455, 456–7, 553
Monk, Ray, 526
Montagu, Ewen, 208
Montagu, Ivor, 350
Montgomery, Gen. Sir Bernard Law: open to others’ views, xxi; and increased Ultra information, 408; achieves first victory, 409; slow advance, 409; in north-west Europe, 497–8
Moran, Spike, 269
Moravec, Col. František: pays for known information, xviii; as chief of Czech Intelligence Service, 1–2; on French intelligence, 7; Soviets request espionage training, 19; moves to Britain, 40–1; Czech agents in London, 49, 55–6; on brutishness of Berlin NKVD agents, 116; respect for Masson, 347