The New York Times Book of World War II, 1939-1945
Page 165
at Ardennes, 97
at Brenner Pass, 134
at Compiègne, 111, 112
death, 511, 530, 531
body not found, 532–533
dead or alive?, 557
decrees law of “New Europe”, 144
Mein Kampf, 56
mental illness of, 44–45
on war crimes list, 512
Operation Blue, 249
Sixteen points, 36–38, 44
speeches, 118, 179
Hittler family in Bronx change name, 476
HMS Hood (ship), sunk, 151, 167, 168–169
HMS Prince of Wales (ship) sunk, 227
Hodge, Courtney, 511, 526
Hoffman, Theodore H., 201
Holland. See Netherlands.
Hollywood Victory Committee, 302–303
Holocaust, 285, 297–298
Home Secretaryship, 135
Homma, Masaharu, 249
Hong Kong, 209
surrenders after siege, 232
Hoover, Herbert, 9, 356
Hore-Belisha, Leslie, 78
Hotel Pierre, New York, 505
Hubert, Benjamin F., 120
Hull, Cordell, 44, 45, 85, 98–99, 145, 198–200, 217, 221, 222, 303
Hungary, Jews slaughtered, 443
Hurricanes (planes), 121, 122
I
Iceland, 210
Ichi-Go offensive, 431
Ickes, Harold L., 330
Ie Shima, 511, 521–523
Imphal, battle of, 411, 421, 422, 532
India, Congress Party, 247, 275–276, 281, 320, 556
famine in cities, 386–387
Nationalist leaders arrested, 275, 276
push for independence, 53, 60, 67, 68, 140, 267, 275–276, 281, 315, 325, 539, 556
“Quit India” campaign, 263
role in war, 247
self-rule, 454
partition of, 576–577
Indo-China, 126, 134, 156, 175
occupation by Japan, 189
pact with Japan, 163–164
liberation of, 532
resists return of French, 539, 560, 561
accord signed, 592
Indonesia, unrest in, 565
Industry reconversion in U.S., 553
Iran, postwar independence, 400–401
surrenders to Allies, 199
Iraq, British in, 164, 171, 172–173
German interest in, 161
Ireland, neutrality of, 38–39
partition of, 38–39
Iron Curtain, 563, 572–573
Israel established, 584, 585, 586
Arab Israeli War, 586, 588–589
Italian Republican Fascists, 489
Italy, 2–3, 41, 335
Allies in, 335, 338–340, 346–347, 350–356, 359, 368–369, 397, 411, 522, 523
Armistice with Allies, 371, 372
censure against, 15
declaration of war with Great Britain and France, 85, 108
Germans in, 369–369, 373, 375
German surrender in, 529–530
in Egypt, 130, 147, 148, 155, 411
in Greece, 139, 140, 141
in Libya, 147, 151, 155
invasion of, 359, 383
Italo-French armistice, 111–112
killing resistance fighters, 489
Mussolini resignation, 354–355
neutrality, 41
Republican Fascist Government setup, 359, 374, 375
Surrenders, 371, 372
Tri-Partite Pact, 115
trade with, 14
war against Ethiopia, 3, 14, 15
Iwo Jima, battle of, 493, 505–507
Mount Suribachi photo, 493
J
Jackson, Robert H., 531
Japan, 3, 8, 193
assets frozen, 175, 187
atomic bombs dropped on, 539
belief they will win, 504–505
bitter after defeat, 549, 550
call for reversal of U.S. policy, 212
condolences on Hitler’s death, 533
in China, 3, 8, 53, 67, 78–79, 83, 126, 267, 300–301, 441–442
embargo by U.S., 131, 175, 212
fire bombs dropped on, 540, 541
help to Germany, 131
in Indo-China, 126, 131, 136, 163–164
map, 83
quits League of Nations, 12
negotiations with U.S., 199–200, 216–217
occupation of, 550, 551
oil supplies, 123–124
peace feelers, 537, 540
postwar conditions, 549–551
scorn for Atlantic Charter, 196
soldiers in Philippines, 233
Tri-Partite Pact, 115
surrender, 539, 547, 548, 550, 551
watches European War, 100–101
war in Pacific, 209, 218–233, 234, 244–247, 249, 25–252, 256, 264, 267, 276, 282–283, 493. See also Pacific theater of war; individual battles.
Japanese planes shot down, 420
Japanese-American combat units, 337
Java Sea, Battle of the, 235
Jeeps, 157
Jerusalem, 585
Jewish immigration to Palestine, 539, 556, 581, 582
Israel established, 584, 585, 586
Arab-Israeli War, 586
Jews, 3, 11–12, 13, 23, 176
from Paris interned, 166
in Poland, 52, 67, 76, 77, 133, 148, 149, 297
mass killings (genocide), 193, 285, 297, 298, 303–304 324, 329, 356–357, 443, 568–569
Star of David wearing, 202. See also Holocaust.
Jinnah, Mohammed Ali, 454, 576
Jodl, Alfred, 97
death, 575
Jodl, Gustav, signs German surrender, 534
K
Katyn Forest massacre of Poles by Germans, 569–570
Kay, David, 499
Keitel, Wilhelm, signs German surrender, 535, 536, 537
Kellogg-Briand pact, 8, 14, 19–20
Kennedy, Joseph P., 73
views on war, 146
Kharkov, Soviet Union, 249, 258
Kido, Koichi, 445
Kiev, recapture by Red Army, 383
surrenders, 201
King, Ernest, 133, 146, 262, 276–277
Commander-in-Chief of U.S. Fleet, 228, 229
King, Mackenzie, 42
Knox, Frank, 118, 207, 238, 327, 328, 329
Kohima, battle of, 411, 421, 422
Koiso, Kuniaki, 513
Konev, Ivan, 493, 511, 524
Konoye, Fumimaro, 131, 200
Korea, 539
protests division into two zones, 560
Soviet Union shoots down U.S. B-29, 557
Koritza, Greece, 140–141
Krebs, General, death, 530
Kremlin, Moscow, 191
Krupps works, Germany, bombed, 120
Kurusa, Saburo, 145, 221
Kushchevka Ring threatened, 274
Kwajalein atoll campaign 415, 416
map, 416
Kyushu Island, Japan, bombed by Allies, 440–441
L
La Guardia, Fiorello, 390
Langdon, Grace, 270–271
Langsdorff, Hans, 75–76
Latin America, 67
Laurence, William L., 539
Laval, Pierre, 139
death, 568
Laveleye, Victor de, 187
Layton, Geoffrey, 204
League of Nations, 2, 5, 14, 15
expulsion of Soviet Union, 74
Lebanon, Allies occupation, 185–187
Leclerc, Jacques-Philippe, 453, 560
LeMay, Curtis, 493
Lend-Lease, 133, 151, 155, 156, 175, 181, 205, 211
text of, 153
Leningrad, Russia, fighting near, 175, 207
Leopold, King of the Belgians, 103
Leopoldville, Belgian Congo, 138
Lewis, John L., 330–331
Lexington (ship), sunk, 249
Le
yte Gulf, Battle of, 473, 477
Li, Pao-shan, 273
Library of Congress, rare materials, 328
Lidice, Czechoslovakia, destroyed, 249, 262–263, 265
Lidice, Illinois, 265
Lindbergh, Charles, 51, 121
cooperation beliefs, 115, 121
isolation speech, 51
Lipmann, Walter, 563
Litvinoff, Maxim, 184, 218
Lodz, Poland, Jews in, 77
liberated, 497
London Underground shelters, 135
London Zoo animals destroyed, 40
London, blackouts, 47, 48
Blitz, 115, 122, 128, 129, 135
East End, 128
fashion shows, 158
halts evacuations, 466–467
press, 135
U.S. servicemen waiting to go to theater, 466
V-2 bombings, 480–481
Louvre paintings requested by Italy, 117
Low Countries, battles for, 91–93, 95, 102
bombings by Allies, 411, 425
Lublin, Poland, Jews in, 77
Ludendorff, Erich von, 7, 11
Luftwaffe, 420–421, 499–500
failings, 352, 353, 526
Lusitania (ship) sunk, 18
Luxembourg, invasion by Germany, 91
Luzon attacked, 225, 226, 233, 240, 249
recaptured, 493, 496–497
M
MacArthur, Douglas, 175, 188, 189, 219, 225, 239, 246, 250, 256, 344–345, 378–379, 424, 477, 557, 590–591
leaves Philippines, 235, 249
made Chief in Far East, 188–189
reconquest of Philippines, 473, 476, 477, 478–479, 496–497
receives surrender of Japan, 547, 552
map, 476
Mafia captured in Sicily, 372
Maginot Line, 99
Makin, battle for, 396, 397–398
Malaysia, 209
battles in, 220, 244–245
Malmo, Sweden, Danish Jews in, 387
Malta, 249, 256
Manchuria, China, invasion by Japan, 3, 8, 53–54
postwar status, 402
Manhattan Project, 539
Manila, attacked, 233, 235
recaptured, 493
Mannerheim Line, 73
Mao, Zedong, 556, 579
Map sales, 49
Marianas, battle of, 431, 440
Market Garden operation, 453
Mark currency devaluation, 7–8
Marseille, 291–292
liberation of, 453
Marshall Plan, 563, 577, 578, 582–583, 590–591
Marshall, George C., 105, 203–204, 312, 317, 376–377, 383, 384, 385, 407, 408, 563
Matsuoka, Yosuke, 156, 187
Matthews, Herbert L., 431
broadcast to Rome, 352
McAuliffe, Anthony, “Nuts” retort, 473, 491
McNair, Lesley J., death, 449–450
Medicine, postwar, 482–483
Mein Kampf, 56
Menzies, Robert G., 43
Mers-el-Kebir, Algeria, sinking of French ships by Britain, 115, 116–117
Metz, fall to Allies, 468–469
Meuse, Battle of the, 99, 103, 463, 473
Middle East, 539
Middleton, Drew, 85, 115
Midway Island, battle of, 249, 262
Mikhailovitch, Draja, 318–319
Milan, Italy, 529
Miller, Glenn, missing, 489
Mindoro, battle of, 473, 479
Mine strikes, 328–329, 330, 331, 340, 342–344
Minh, Ho Chi, 592
Minsk, captured by Soviets, 431
Missouri (ship), 539
Japanese surrender on, 550, 551
Mitchell B026 bombers (U.S.), 290
Molotov, Vyacheslav, 27, 54–55, 68, 163, 345, 558
Montanari, Franco, 371
Monte Cassino, battle at, 411, 417
Montevideo harbor, Uruguay, 67, 74–75
Montgomery, Bernard L., 285, 335, 407, 435, 453, 464, 473, 493
Morgenthau, Henry, 155, 447
Mornesnet, Germany bombed, 425
Morocco, Spanish, 16–17
Morrison, Herbert, 135
Moscow, battle for, 211, 280
bombings of, 191
German troops surrendering, 380
map, 207
Moslem League, India, 68, 247, 281, 454
Mountbatten, Louis, 532
announces partition of India plan, 576–577
Munda, New Georgia Island, fight for, 362
Munich Agreement, 18–19, 20–21, 22
French reaction to, 22
Munich, 7, 144
bombing of, 143
Revolt of 1923, 10–11
Murphy, Robert D. at Cairo Conference, 395
Mussolini, Benito, 2–3, 5, 6, 15, 18, 21, 41, 42, 59, 85, 108–109, 111, 371
at Brenner Pass, 134
death, 335, 511, 529
in Mediterranean theater, 133
resignation, 354–355
rescue from prison by Germans, 359, 374, 375
N
Nagasaki, atomic bombing, 539, 546
Namsos, Norway bombing, 91
Naples, bombed, 140
caves used as shelter, 377
harbor wrecked by Nazis, 376–378
Narvik, Norway occupied, 86, 87, 88
National Defense Act (U.S.), 63–64
National Defense Program, 85, 100
National Negro Council, 222, 315, 329
National Socialist Party. See Nazi Party.
National Urban League, 364
National Young Women’s Christian Association, 336
Native American code service, 148
NATO, 563
Navajos become Marines, 269
Nazi Elite Guard, 489
Nazi Party, 2–3, 9, 10–11, 129
riots by, 23
Nehru, Jawaharlal, 247, 576
arrested, 140, 275, 276
Nelson, Donald M., 277
Netherlands Indies Government, 123–124
Netherlands, aid by Allies, 92, 95
government in exile declares war on Japan, 222
invasion by Germany, 85, 91–93, 95, 98–99, 102
liberation by Britain, 466
Nevins, Allan, 31, 49
New Deal, 90
New Guinea, 235, 249, 299–301, 319
allies landing on, 404, 405
New York City, blackout rules, 226–227
dimout ends, 389, 390
New York Tuberculosis and Health Association’s Social Hygiene Committee, 316
New Zealand, at war, 43
sending supplies, 137
Newfoundland, 193
sending supplies, 137
News in wartime, 58
Newspapers oppose entry into war, 194
Nile, Battle of the, 148–149
Nimitz, Chester W., 262, 396, 424, 439, 443, 451
Nisei from Hawaii, 337
Nomura, Kichisaburo, 144, 145, 146, 221
Nordic Nations Act, 79
Normandy, landing, 431, 434, 435, 436, 437, 442, 444, 449–451
interior battles, 454–455
map, 444
Norsk Hydro Plant, Norway, sabotaged, 315, 326
North Africa, battles in, 151, 152, 267, 268, 287–288, 290–291, 304–305, 315
map, 152
Soviet Union seeks control of, 558
North Atlantic Treaty Organization. See NATO.
Northwest Africa landing by Allies, 285, 291, 298, 315
Norway, 315
British force in, 91
invasion by Germany, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91
map, 89
neutrality of, 79
Quisling made Premier, 243–244
Quisling executed, 572
resistance in, 326–327
Nuremberg anti-Jewish laws, 13
Nuremberg, 7
war crimes trials, 563, 568, 569, 570, 574, 575,
576
Nye, Gerald, 193, 200, 201
Nygaardsvold, Johann, 79
O
O’Gara, Bishop Cuthbert, escape from Japanese camp horrors, 387–3889
Oak Ridge facility, 539
Odessa, battle of, 195–196
Ohrdruf camp, 514
Operation Barbarossa, 175
Operation Cobra, 431
Operation Dragoon, 453
Operation Gomorrah, 335
Operation Overlord, 383
Operation Torch, 285
Operation Uranus, 285
Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 570–571
Orleans, France, internment camp, 166
Oswiecim, Poland, camp, 535
reopened by Soviets postwar, 571
P
Pacific theater of war, 63, 175, 209, 217–233, 244–247, 250–254, 265, 282–283, 332–333, 362, 378–379, 383, 396, 397–398, 411, 412, 424, 473, 476–479
Palestine, Jews in, 556, 581
Pan American World Airways, 564
Panay Island, 252
Pantelleria, Sicily invaded, 338–340
Panzer Division, 85
Paris, 4
compared to Berlin, 82–83
battle of, 107–108
fall of, 85, 107–108, 109
collaborators rounded up, 465
German soldiers in, 292
Jews interned, 166
liberation of, 347, 453, 461, 462
refugees from, 107
Parker, Ralph, 175
Patton, George S., 325, 335, 443
in France, 453, 460
in Germany, 465–467, 473, 500–501, 509
in Sicily, 350, 351
postwar attitude, 564–565
Paulus, Friedrich, 285
Pearl Harbor attacked by Japan, 209, 218, 219, 220–223
map, 219
Peiping. See Beijing.
Peleliu, battle of, 473
Percival, Arthur E., 204, 245
Pershing, John J., 4
Petacci, Clara, death, 511, 529
Pétain, Philippe, 116, 139, 291, 292
Peter II, King of Yugoslavia, 403
Philippine Sea, Battle of, 431
Philippines, 188–189
attacked, 209, 219, 225, 226, 233
surrender, 256–257
Allied bombing, 468–469
Allies landing on, 496, 497
recaptured, 493
Phillips, Tom S.V., 227
Phony War, 67–83; 84
Piazzale Loreto, Milan, 511
Pinkston, L.A., 120
Pitschen, Germany, 29
Pius XII, Pope, 58, 346, 352–354
apartment bombed, 352
Ploesti, Rumania, oil refineries bombed by Allies, 360, 361
Poindexter, Joseph B., 221
Poland, 2–3, 23–24
hangings in, 72
Katyn Forest massacre, 569–570
invasion by Germany, 3, 26, 27–29, 31, 32, 34–35, 44, 46, 50, 52, 67, 72
invasion by Soviet Union, 55–56, 414–415
Jews in, 52, 67, 76, 77
map, 35, 37
postwar status, 401, 408–409, 414–415, 493, 503–504, 506
Polish government in Exile in London, 449, 453, 469, 474, 493, 494–495