The Male Brain

by Louann Brizendine, M. D.

  Yamamoto, Y., M. S. Cushing, et al. (2004). “Neonatal manipulations of oxytocin alter expression of oxytocin and vasopressin immunoreactive cells in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in a gender-specific manner.” Neuroscience 125(4): 947–55.

  Yamazaki, K., and G. K. Beauchamp (2007). “Genetic basis for MHC-dependent mate choice.” Adv Genet 59: 129–45.

  Yang, C. F., C. K. Hooven, et al. (2007). “Testosterone levels and mental rotation performance in Chinese men.” Horm Behav 51(3): 373–78.

  Yang, C. Y., J. Decety, et al. (2009). “Gender differences in the mu rhythm during empathy for pain: An electroencephalographic study.” Brain Res 1251: 176–84.

  Yaniv, I., S. Choshen-Hillel, et al. (2009). “Spurious consensus and opinion revision: Why might people be more confident in their less accurate judgments?” J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 35(2): 558–63.

  Yassin, A. A., F. Saad, et al. (2008). “Metabolic syndrome, testosterone deficiency and erectile dysfunction never come alone.” Andrologia 40(4): 259–64.

  Yeh, K. Y., H. F. Pu, et al. (2010). “Different subregions of the medial preoptic area are separately involved in the regulation of copulation and sexual incentive motivation in male rats: A behavioral and morphological study.” Behav Brain Res 205(1): 219–25.

  Yoshimoto, D., A. Shapiro, et al., eds. (2005). Nonverbal Communication Coding Systems of Committed Couples. New York: Oxford University Press.

  Young, E. A., and J. B. Becker (2009a). “Perspective: Sex matters—gonadal steroids and the brain.” Neuropsychopharmacology 34(3): 537–38.

  Young, L. J. (2009b). “Being human: Love—neuroscience reveals all.” Nature 457(7226): 148.

  Young, L. J. (2008). “Sex differences in affiliative behavior and social bonding.” In: J. B. Becker, K. Berkley, N. Geary, E. Hampson, J. P. Herman, and E. A. Young, eds., Sex Differences in the Brain: From Genes to Behavior. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

  Yu, Q., Y. Tang, et al. (2009). “Sex differences of event-related potential effects during shree-dimensional mental rotation.” Neuroreport 20(1): 43–47.

  Yuan, J., Y. Luo, et al. (2009). “Neural correlates of the females’ susceptibility to negative emotions: An insight into gender-related prevalence of affective disturbances.” Hum Brain Mapp 30(11): 3676–86.

  Yurgelun-Todd, D. (2007). “Emotional and cognitive changes during adolescence.” Curr Opin Neurobiol 17(2): 251–57.

  Zahn-Waxler, C., M. Radke-Yarrow, E. Wagner, and M. Chapman (1992). “Development of concern for others.” Developmental Psychology 28: 126–36.

  Zak, P. J., and J. A. Barraza (2009). “Empathy and collective action.” Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1375059.

  Zak, P. J., R. Kurzban, et al. (2005). “Oxytocin is associated with human trustworthiness.” Horm Behav 48(5): 522–27.

  Zak, P. J., A. A. Stanton, et al. (2007). “Oxytocin increases generosity in humans.” PLoS One 2(11): e1128.

  Zaki, J., J. Weber, et al. (2009). “The neural bases of empathic accuracy.” Proc Natl Acad Sci US A 106(27): 11382–87.

  Zaviacic, M., V. Sisovsky, et al. (2009). “Cosmetic perfumes vs. human pheromones (natural chemical scents) of the human female and male in signalling and performing context of their sexual behaviour.” Bratisl Lek Listy 110(8): 472–75.

  Zehr, J. L., M. J. Todd, et al. (2006). “Dendritic pruning of the medial amygdala during pubertal development of the male Syrian hamster.” J Neurobiol 66(6): 578–90.

  Zelbergeld, B. (1999). The New Male Sexuality. New York: Bantam.

  Zhang, Z., V. Klyachko, et al. (2007). “Blockade of phosphodiesterase type 5 enhances rat neurohypophysial excitability and electrically evoked oxytocin release.” J Physiol 584(pt. 1): 137–47.

  Zhou, L., J. D. Blaustein, et al. (1994). “Distribution of androgen receptor immunoreactivity in vasopressin-and oxytocin-immunoreactive neurons in the male rat brain.” Endocrinology 134(6): 2622–27.

  Zhou, W., and D. Chen (2008). “Encoding human sexual chemosensory cues in the orbitofrontal and fusiform cortices.” J Neurosci 28(53): 14416–21.

  Ziegler, T. E., S. Jacoris, et al. (2004). “Sexual communication between breeding male and female cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus), and its relationship to infant care.” Am J Primatol 64(1): 57–69.

  Ziegler, T. E., S. L. Prudom, et al. (2006). “Pregnancy weight gain: Marmoset and tamarin dads show it too.” Biol Lett 2(2): 181–83.

  Ziegler, T. E., and C. T. Snowdon (2000). “Preparental hormone levels and parenting experience in male cotton-top tamarins, Saguinus oedipus.” Horm Behav 38(3): 159–67.

  Ziegler, T. E., K. F. Washabaugh, et al. (2004). “Responsiveness of expectant male cotton-top tamarins, Saguinus oedipus, to mate’s pregnancy.” Horm Behav 45(2): 84–92.

  Ziegler, T. E., F. H. Wegner, et al. (2000). “Prolactin levels during the periparturitional period in the biparental cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus): Interactions with gender, androgen levels, and parenting.” Horm Behav 38(2): 111–22.

  Ziegler, T. E., F. H. Wegner, et al. (1996). “Hormonal responses to parental and nonparental conditions in male cotton-top tamarins, Saguinus oedipus, a New World primate.” Horm Behav 30(3): 287–97.

  Zitzmann, B. (2006). “Testosterone and the brain.” Aging Male 9(4): 195–99.

  Zuloaga, D. G., D. A. Puts, et al. (2008). “The role of androgen receptors in the masculinization of brain and behavior: What we’ve learned from the testicular feminization mutation.” Horm Behav 53(5): 613–26.

  ABOUT THE AUTHOR

  Louann Brizendine, M.D., a neuropsychiatrist at the University of California-San Francisco, is the founder of the Women’s and Teen Girls’ Mood and Hormone Clinic. She was previously on faculty at the Harvard Medical School and is a graduate of Yale University School of Medicine and the University of California-Berkeley in neurobiology. She lives in the San Francisco Bay Area with her husband and son.

  This book is not intended to take the place of medical advice from a trained medical professional. Readers are advised to consult a physician or other qualified health professional regarding treatment of their medical problems. Neither the publisher nor the author takes any responsibility for any possible consequences from any treatment, action, or application of medicine, herb, or preparation to any person reading or following the information in this book.

  Copyright © 2010 by Louann Brizendine, M.D.

  All rights reserved.

  Published in the United States by Broadway Books, an imprint of the Crown Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc., New York.

  www.crownpublishing.com

  BROADWAY BOOKS and the Broadway Books colophon are trademarks of Random House, Inc.

  Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

  Brizendine, Louann, 1952–

  The male brain / Louann Brizendine.

  p. cm.

  1. Neuroendocrinology. 2. Brain—Sex differences. 3. Men—Physiology. I. Title.

  QP356.4.B75 2010

  612.8—dc22 2009042116

  eISBN: 978-0-307-58939-2

  Illustrations by Martie Holmer

  v3.0