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Leading Names and Terms in Celtic Mythology
PRONUNCIATION, A CAUTION
As with many languages, English speakers cannot expect to pronounce Celtic words and names without the extensive assistance of a tutor. It is much the same as with the French r, notoriously difficult for us to master. Our usual anglicized pronunciation of hors d’oeuvres as ‘ohr durvz’, for example, is likely to meet with incomprehension or derision from a native speaker of French. In the same way, most English speakers do not appreciate that Irish, Welsh and Breton present many greater challenges than does French, such as palatal and non-palatal (velar) consonants, broad and slender vowels, and an array of sounds not found in English, beginning with the velar fricative, the Welsh -ll- and the Welsh trilled r. Additionally, Modern Irish survives in three dialects; there is not a Standard Irish as there is a Standard English. Many names and terms survive in a wide variety of variant spellings. Scottish Gaelic, with different sound patterns, ranks almost as a fourth dialect. Complicating matters, some commentators prefer the uncertain pronunciations of Old Irish, Middle Irish and Classical Modern Irish (until the mid-seventeenth century). Thus the much-cited name of Ulster king Conchobar may be sounded in different contexts as ‘kun-ko-var’, ‘kun-nă-khoor’, ‘kon-khor’, ‘kru-hoor’ and ‘kru-hoor’. The pronunciation of the hero Fionn’s name, whose stories are more widely known, survives in even more variants. It is more than a matter of ‘to-mah-toh’ vs. ‘to-may-toh’; pronunciation will be contentious for some readers. Suggestions given here are approximate and should not be considered sufficient for use in broadcasts or in addresses before learned bodies. Consult the Pronunciation Key at the end of this Appendix (pp. 348–9).
A handful of names, such as Deirdre, Fionn, Oscar, Suibne, are often cited with anglicized pronunciations while retaining their original spellings.
Classical Modern Irish spellings are preferred for most names here; other sources may employ Modern Irish or even anglicized spellings.
Abaris (ă-bahr-ĭs) Known as the ‘Hyperborean’, i.e. from beyond the north wind. Sixth-century BC figure who conversed with Pythagoras; may have been first known druid.
Áeb (ayv) Foster-daughter of Bodb Derg, wife of Lir, and mother of the swan children.
Áebhric (ayv-rik) Young, well-born hermit, perhaps a cleric, who records the story of the children of Lir.
Aed (ith) Twin brother of Finnguala among the swan children of Lir.
Aichlech mac Dubdrenn (ahkh-lekh mahk duv-dren) One of several possible assassins of Fionn mac Cumhaill.
Aífe (1) (eef-ě) Cruel stepmother of the swan children of Lir.
Aífe (2) (eef-ě) Amazonian warrior of the Isle of Skye, mother by Cúchulainn of Connla.
Ailbe (I) (alv-ě) Daughter of Cormac mac Airt.
Ailbe (2) (alv-ě) Large, ferocious hound owned by Mac Da Thó.
Ailech (al-yakh, Il-yakh) Prehistoric stone fortress of Co. Derry.
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