Scarface and the Untouchable
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LEXINGTON HOTEL: Chicago Sun-Times, April 21, 1986; April 22, 1986 (“Capone safe-cracking,” “With no panes”); August 23, 1989; September 30, 1989; August 17, 1995 (“It’s a monstrosity”); August 20, 1995 (“a stinking corpse”); November 12, 1995; November 29, 1995. The Mystery of Al Capone’s Vaults (“that toddling town”). David Bock, “Geraldo Rivera’s Failure Launches His Career,” Entertainment Weekly, April 22, 1994, http://ew.com/article/1994/04/22/geraldo-riveras-failure-launches-his-career/ (accessed November 29, 2017). Jake Rossen, “Oral History: 30 Years Ago, Geraldo Rivera Opened Al Capone’s Vault,” Mental Floss, April 21, 2016, http://mentalfloss.com/article/78842/oral-history-30-years-ago-geraldo-rivera-opened-al-capones-vault (accessed November 29, 2017) (“I was pretty”). Noel Murray, “When Geraldo Rivera Opened Al Capone’s Vault, He Turned Nothing Into Ratings,” The A.V. Club, October 25, 2016, https://tv.avclub.com/when-geraldo-rivera-opened-al-capone-s-vault-he-turned-1798253506 (accessed November 29, 2017).
DALEY, POLICE, AND THE MOB: Allsop, Bootleggers, pp. xi–xv. Spinney, City of Big Shoulders, pp. 217 (“amputated an appendage”), 224–226. Russo, Outfit, pp. 303–306 (304, “The police department”; 305, “another chance”; 306, “Well, it’s there”). Alder, Lie Detectors, p. 245. Pacyga, Chicago, pp. 343–344. Dyja, Third Coast, pp. 226–228, 281, 332, 334.
OUTFIT’S RISE AND FALL / RICO: Russo, Outfit, pp. 327–504 (383, “There’s money pouring”; 474, “Mob Lite,” “The Outfit is”; 477, “They’re everywhere”). Gregory J. Wallace, “Outgunning the Mob,” ABA Journal, March 1994, pp. 60–65 (63, “You’ve got to”; 65, “What about Big”), 109–115. Mark Gordon, “Ideas Shoot Bullets: How the RICO Act Became a Potent Weapon in the War Against Organized Crime,” Concept, vol. 26 (2003), https://concept.journals.villanova.edu/article/view/312/275 (accessed December 2, 2017). CT, April 26, 2005; March 7, 2007 (“Eliot Ness with”); September 26, 2017 (http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/data/ct-homicide-spikes-comparison-htmlstory.html [accessed December 4, 2017]). Simon Tisdall, “CIA Conspired with Mafia to Kill Castro,” The Guardian, June 27, 2007, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/jun/27/usa.cuba (accessed November 30, 2017). “Family Secrets of the Murderous Kind,” Federal Bureau of Investigation, October 1, 2007, https://archives.fbi.gov/archives/news/stories/2007/october/famsecrets_100107 (accessed December 2, 2017). Wall Street Journal, January 20, 2011, http://www.wsj.com/articles/sb10001424052748704881304576094110829882704 (accessed December 2, 2017). Scott Burnstein, “Ten Years Ago, Epic ‘Family Secrets’ Trial Crippled the Chicago Outfit,” The Mob Museum, July 13, 2017, https://themobmuseum.org/blog/epic-family-secrets-trial-crippled-chicago-outfit/ (accessed December 2, 2017).
SOUTH SIDE VIOLENCE: The Trentonian, September 10, 2013, http://www.trentonian.com/article/tt/20130910/news04/130909760 (accessed December 2, 2017). NYT, March 22, 2014, https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/23/us/the-catholic-roots-of-obamas-activism.html (accessed November 11, 2017). CT, October 9, 2015, http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-ceasefire-funds-frozen-as-chicago-shootings-climb-20151009-story.html (accessed December 6, 2017); December 30, 2016, http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/opinion/page/ct-chicago-murders-gun-violence-gary-slutkin-ceasefire-perspec-0101-jm-20161230-story.html (accessed December 6, 2017); September 26, 2017, http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/data/ct-homicide-spikes-comparison-htmlstory.html (accessed December 6, 2017). Josh Saul, “Why 2016 Has Been Chicago’s Bloodiest Year in Almost Two Decades,” Newsweek, December 15, 2016, http://www.newsweek.com/2016/12/23/chicago-gangs-violence-murder-rate-532034.html (accessed December 6, 2017). Garrow, Rising Star, pp. 1–7, 24–29, 208–209. Binder, Al Capone’s Beer Wars, pp. 271–275. Josh Sanburn and David Johnson, “See Chicago’s Deadly Year in 3 Charts,” Time, January 17, 2017, http://time.com/4635049/chicago-murder-rate-homicides/ (accessed December 6, 2017). Eliott C. McLaughlin, “With Chicago, It’s All Murder, Murder, Murder . . . But Why?” CNN, March 6, 2017, http://www.cnn.com/2017/03/06/us/chicago-murder-rate-not-highest/index.html (accessed December 5, 2017) (“the murder capital”). Rafael Mangual, “Sub-Chicago and America’s Real Crime Rate,” City Journal, Summer 2017, https://www.city-journal.org/html/sub-chicago-and-americas-real-crime-rate-15341.html (accessed December 5, 2017). J. Weston Phippen, “Trump Says He’s Sending the Feds into Chicago,” The Atlantic, June 30, 2017, https://www.theatlantic.com/news/archive/2017/06/trump-chicago-gun-task-force/532410/ (accessed November 30, 2017) (“send in the”). “Chicago Accounted for 22% of a Nationwide Increase in Murders Last Year,” The Economist, September 26, 2017, https://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2017/09/neighbourhood-watch (accessed December 6, 2017). “2016 Stats,” Heyjackass!, 2017, http://heyjackass.com/category/2016-stats/ (accessed December 6, 2017).
CAPONE AND CHICAGO’S IMAGE: Ford and Crowther, Moving Forward, p. 280 (“economically right,” “There can be”). Sullivan, Chicago Surrenders, p. 204 (“I can’t change”). Lerner, America as a Civilization, pp. 663–666. Chicago Sun-Times, October 28, 1988 (“This fiend killed”); September 17, 1989 (“Are there still,” “It’s a very”); January 27, 1991 (“Disney-like,” “Al Capone was”); May 22, 1992; June 25, 1993; June 7–8 1994; June 15, 1994; February 16, 2010. D’Eramo, Pig and the Skyscraper, pp. 3, 7–9 (9, “It cannot be”). Edward McClelland, “It’s Time to Embrace Al Capone,” NBC Chicago, April 21, 2011, https://www.nbcchicago.com/blogs/ward-room/its-time-to-embrace-al-capone-120363329.html (accessed November 14, 2017). Melanie Nayer, “From Prohibition to Playmates: Blackstone Hotel Showcases Chicago’s Past,” Boston.com, December 12, 2011, http://archive.boston.com/travel/explorene/blogs/packup/2011/12/blackstone_hotel_showcases_chicagos_past.html (accessed December 6, 2017). Harris, World Film Locations, p. 62.
NESS’S CHICAGO LEGACY / ATF BUILDING: The Untouchables (1987), directed by Brian De Palma (Hollywood: Paramount Pictures, 2004), DVD (“the Chicago way”). Spinney, City of Big Shoulders, p. 3 (“City of the”). NYT, March 22, 1989; December 18, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/19/us/19cncbrightonpark.html (accessed December 2, 2017) (“old-school”); March 5, 2014 (“purely symbolic resolution”). Chicago Sun-Times, July 23, 2007 (“It’s not so”); May 25, 2009 (“the city’s most”); January 13, 2010 (“the City Council’s,” “If nothing else,” “a lousy stunt”); January 16, 2014 (“Malone told me”); February 28, 2014; March 9, 2014 (“Much as we”); March 11, 2014. Eliot Ness ATF Building Designation Act, S. 1914, 113th Cong. (2014). Dick Durbin, “Durbin, Brown, and Kirk Introduce Bipartisan Resolution to Honor Famed Prohibition Agent Eliot Ness,” press release, January 10, 2014, https://www.durbin.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/durbin-brown-and-kirk-introduce-bipartisan-resolution-to-honor-famed-prohibition-agent-eliot-ness (accessed December 2, 2017) (“Chicago gangster Al”). Peter Bella, “Eliot Ness, the Myth, the Legend, the Lie,” Chicago Now, January 12, 2014, http://www.chicagonow.com/interesting-chicago/2014/01/eliot-ness-the-myth-the-legend-the-lie/ (accessed December 2, 2017). “Argument Continues over Naming ATF Building After Eliott [sic] Ness,” 89 WLS, January 21, 2014, http://www.wlsam.com/common/page.php?pt=argument+continues+over+naming+atf+building+after+eliott+nessandid=82334andis_corp=0 (accessed January 24, 2014) (“I think he”). CT, January 24, 2014. “The Eliot Ness Monstrosity,” The Weekly Standard, February 3, 2014, http://www.weeklystandard.com/eliot-ness-monstrosity/article/775319 (accessed December 2, 2017). LAT, March 2, 2014 (“He’s a Hollywood”). Richard Horgan, “How Reddit Stole a Colorado Journalist’s Wizard of Oz Thunder,” Adweek, November 5, 2012, http://www.adweek.com/digital/rick-polito-lee-winfrey-jay-leno-reddit-george-takei-wizard-oz/#/ (accessed December 2, 2017) (“A federal agent”). Sean O’Neal and Ignatiy Vishnevetsky, “The Untouchables mythologized a city the Chicago way,” The A.V. Club, June 2, 2017, https://film.avclub.com/the-untouchables-mythologized-a-city-the-chicago-way-1798163914 (accessed November 11, 2017) (“the real Eliot”). ABS visit to ATF headquarters, September 13, 2016.
CONCLUSION: Christopher Crowe, The Untouchables, “Pilot (Working
Draft),” July 28, 1992, p. 50 (“Johnny, people want”), ABS. CT, November 15, 1998. James D. McMahon, “Plaque Commemorating Opening of Michigan Avenue Bridge,” Encyclopedia of Chicago, 2005, http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/10481.html (accessed December 2, 2017). Kendall, “Colosimo’s Cafe,” The Chicago Crime Scenes Project, August 30, 2008, http://chicagocrimescenes.blogspot.com/2008/08/colosimos-cafe.html (accessed November 26, 2017). “Tommy Gun’s Garage,” https://www.tommygunsgarage.com (accessed November 14, 2017). Chicago Sun-Times. July 28, 2006 February 16, 2010 (“one of Chicago’s”). Joe Zekas, “The LEX Apartments, 2138 S Indiana Ave, South Loop,” YoChicago, December 2, 2013, http://yochicago.com/the-lex-apartments-2138-s-indiana-st-south-loop/32815/ (accessed November 14, 2017). ABS visit to Chicago, May 14, 2015 (“South Michigan Avenue”). O’Neal and Vishnevetsky, “The Untouchables mythologized” (“all the concentrated”). “Gangster Tour,” Fareharbor Support, YouTube, 2:30, June 15, 2017, https://youtu.be/biP_j_h1V1g (accessed November 14, 2017).
Note on Sources
Estleman, “Stuart Lake: Frontier Mythmaker,” p. xi (“who in their”). Shapiro, Yale Book of Quotations, p. 130 (“You can get”). Eig, Get Capone, p. 81 (“best captured the”). O’Toole, Hemingway Didn’t Say That, pp. 216–219.
Abbreviations
Abbreviation
Complete Citation
ABS
A. Brad Schwartz (Personal Collection)
BOP-AP
Comprehensive Case Files of Inmates Incarcerated at U.S. Penitentiary, Alcatraz, ca. 1924–ca. 1988; Record Group 129 (Records of the Bureau of Prisons), National Archives and Records Administration, San Bruno, CA
CCF
Criminal Case Files 1892–; Record Group 21 (Records of the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Chicago); National Archives and Records Administration, Chicago, IL
CDN
Chicago Daily News
CDT
Chicago Daily Times
CEA
Chicago Evening American
CEP
Chicago Evening Post
CHE
Chicago Herald and Examiner
CN
Cleveland News
CP
Cleveland Press
CPC
Cleveland Press Collection, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH
CPD
Cleveland Plain Dealer
CRCC
Calumet Region Community Collection, Harold Washington Library Center, Chicago Public Library, Chicago, IL
CT
Chicago Tribune
DMM
David Mamet manuscripts, Lilly Library Manuscripts Collection, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
ENPS
MS3699 Eliot Ness Papers/Scrapbooks Collection No. 171, Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland, OH
FBI-AC
Federal Bureau of Investigation File on Al Capone, “FBI Records: The Vault,” https://vault.fbi.gov/Al%20Capone (accessed August 12, 2015)
FBI-AJ
Federal Bureau of Investigation file on Alexander Gleig Jamie, obtained by ABS through a Freedom of Information Act request, February 11, 2016
FBI-DA
Federal Bureau of Investigation file on Desi Arnaz, “FBI Records: The Vault,” https://vault.fbi.gov/Desi%20Arnaz (accessed February 22, 2017)
FBI-EN
Federal Bureau of Investigation File on Eliot Ness, “FBI Records: The Vault,” https://vault.fbi.gov/Eliot%20Ness (accessed August 12, 2015)
FBI-ENA
Federal Bureau of Investigation Applicant File on Eliot Ness, obtained by ABS through a Freedom of Information Act request, February 3, 2015
FBI-RIR
Federal Bureau of Investigation file on Robert Isham Randolph, obtained by ABS through a Freedom of Information Act request, March 22, 2016
FBI-SVDM
Federal Bureau of Investigation File on the St. Valentine’s Day Massacre, “FBI Records: The Vault,” https://vault.fbi.gov/St.%20Valentines%20Day%20Massacre (accessed August 12, 2015)
FJW
Frank John Wilson Papers, Collection No. 8312, American Heritage Center, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY
GEQJ
Donated Materials, Johnson Papers; National Archives and Records Administration, Chicago, IL
GH
George Hagenauer
HHPL
Herbert Hoover Presidential Library, West Branch, IA
HVO
Howard Vincent O’Brien Papers, The Newberry Library, Chicago, IL
IRS-1
W. C. Hodgins, Jacque L. Westrich, and H. N. Clagett, Memo “In re: Alphonse Capone, 7244 Prairie Avenue, Chicago, Illinois,” July 8, 1931, Internal Revenue Service, “Historical Documents relating to Alphonse (Al) Capone,” http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-utl/file-1-letter-dated-07081931-in-re-alphonse-capone.pdf (accessed August 8, 2015)
IRS-2
Frank J. Wilson, Summary Report “In re: Alphonse Capone, Lexington Hotel, 2300 Michigan Boulevard, Chicago, Ill.,” December 21, 1933, Internal Revenue Service, “Historical Documents Relating to Alphonse (Al) Capone,” http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-utl/file-2-report-dated-12211933-in-re-alphonse-capone-by-sa-frank-wilson.pdf (accessed August 8, 2015)
IRS-3
Frank J. Wilson to Elmer Irey, March 27, 1931, Internal Revenue Service, “Historical Documents Relating to Alphonse (Al) Capone,” http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-utl/file-3-letter-dated-03271931-to-chief-irey-from-sa-wilson.pdf (accessed August 8, 2015)
IRS-4
Frank J. Wilson to Elmer Irey, April 8, 1931, Internal Revenue Service, “Historical Documents Relating to Alphonse (Al) Capone,” http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-utl/file-4-letter-dated-04081931-to-chief-irey-from-sa-wilson.pdf (accessed August 8, 2015)
JBC
James B. Cloonan (Personal Collection)
JIG
Jacob I. Grossman Collection on Al Capone, Chicago History Museum, Chicago, IL
KC
Records of the Senate Special Committee to Investigate Organized Crime in Interstate Commerce, 1950–51 (Kefauver Committee); Record Group 46 (Records of the U.S. Senate); Center for Legislative Archives, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.
KDB
Karl & Doug Bretz (Personal Collection)
LAT
Los Angeles Times
MAC
Max Allan Collins
MM
Calvin Goddard Collection, Mob Museum, Las Vegas, NV
Ness MS.
Untitled manuscript by Eliot Ness, Roll 1, Folder 2, Eliot Ness Papers and Scrapbooks, Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland, OH
NLEM
Collection of the National Law Enforcement Museum, [2012.39.4], Washington, D.C.
NOF
Notorious Offenders Files, 1919–1975; Record Group 129 (Records of the Bureau of Prisons), National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, MD
NYT
New York Times
OPF
Official Personnel Folder, National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis, MO
OPF/ATF
Official Personnel Folders from the National Personnel Records Center (St. Louis), held by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, Washington, D.C.
PCF
Prohibition Case Files; Record Group 21 (Records of the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Chicago); National Archives and Records Administration, Chicago, IL
PCHS
Potter County Historical Society, Coudersport, PA
PU
Records of the Prohibition Unit, Record Group 58 (Records of the Internal Revenue Service), National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, MD
PWH
Paul W. Heimel (Personal Collection)
RIR
Robert Isham Randolph Scrapbooks, Chicago History Museum, Chicago, IL
RM
Rebecca McFarland (Personal Collection)
RRPAC
Records Relating to the Prosecution of Alphonse Capone, 1930–1931; Record Group 118 (Records of U.S. Attorneys, 1821–1994), National Archives and Records Administration, Chicago, IL
SLS
Scott Leeson Sroka (Personal Collection)
SPD
Records of the Office of Community War Services, Social Protection Division General Records, 1941–1946; Record Group 215, National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, MD
SSGHS
South Suburban Genealogical and Historical Society, Chicago, IL
UC
Special Collections Research Center, University of Chicago Library, Chicago, IL
UCB
Courtesy of the Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
USvAC
“U.S. v. Al Capone, non-record material received from Internal Revenue Service,” National Archives and Records Administration, Chicago, IL
WP
Washington Post
Rogues’ Gallery Credits