Arthur Phillip
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‘a prison and the ruin of its inhabitants’ Governor Da Rocha to Marquis of Lavradio, 20 April 1775, in Frost, p. 75.
‘had effectually put a stop to all the acts of daring’ Marquis of Lavradio to Mello e Castro, 18 August 1776, in McIntyre, pp. 216–18.
‘made every effort to induce the Chief’ … ‘imploring him for the sake of his own honour’ Marquis of Lavradio, ‘List of officers of the Fleet, Setting Forth the Merits of Each’, 22 October 1777, in McIntyre, p. 232.
‘no advantage to be gained by disobeying’ McIntyre, pp. 225–27.
‘out of the great deference he renders’ Lavradio, ‘List of Officers of the Fleet’, in McInytre, p. 232.
‘his countenance betrayed the anguish’ Marquis of Lavradio to Marquis of Pombal, 10 March 1777, in McIntyre, pp. 220–24.
‘very clean-handed’ Marquis of Lavradio to Mello e Castro, 10 May 1778, in McIntyre, pp. 233–34.
‘where ships that wanted to wood and water’ Arthur Phillip to Lord Sandwich, 17 January 1781, SAN/F/26, no. 23, National Maritime Museum, London; see also Frost, pp. 81–82.
‘keys to empire’ … ‘way to wealth’ Rachel L. Carson, The Sea Around Us, Readers Union – Staples Press, London, 1953, p. 159.
‘that I may reap the Credit’ Arthur Phillip to Lord Sandwich, 17 January 1781, SAN/F/26, no. 23, National Maritime Museum, London.
‘the great advantage of the nation’ Phillip, Journal, William L Clements Library, University of Michigan, Sydney Papers 17.
‘Views of the Diamond Works’ ibid.
‘exposed for sale’ … ‘shaved, fattened, and if necessary, even painted’ Hugh Thomas, The Slave Trade: The History of the Atlantic Slave Trade 1440–1870, Picador, London, 1997, p. 432.
‘as a token of my lasting friendship’ Will of Charles Slingsby Duncombe of Duncombe Park, Yorkshire, 12 October 1803, PROB 11/1399/276, NA.
CHAPTER 5 Captain of the Ariadne
‘was at the masts and rigging’ NAM Rodger, The Insatiable Earl: A Life of John Montague, 4th Earl of Sandwich, WW Norton & Co., New York, 1994, p. 245; NAM Rodger, Command of the Ocean, pp. 336–37.
‘great affright and terror’ Frost, p. 96.
‘one of the officers of the most distinct merit’ Marquis of Lavradio to Mello e Castro, 10 May 1778, in McIntyre, pp. 233–34.
‘many suitors and little to bestow’ Rodger, The Insatiable Earl, p. 180.
‘that every man’s comfort afloat’ Adkins & Adkins, p. 25.
‘an opportunity of getting what is due’ Arthur Phillip to Lord Sandwich, 19 July 1780, ADM 1/2306, NA.
‘from Lisbon to the Brasils’ For example, St James Chronicle, 2 February 1787, in Frost, p. 111; also The World, 16 April 1789.
‘it is probable that I may be call’d forth’ Arthur Phillip to Lord Sandwich, 17 January 1781, SAN/F/26, no. 23, National Maritime Museum, London.
‘being sent from Lisbon’ Luis da Cunha Menezes to D Luis de Vasconcelos, 7 May 1781, in Frost, p. 112.
‘the scum of the earth’ PH Stanhope, Notes of Conversations with the Duke of Wellington, 1831–1851, Longmans, Green & Co., New York, 1888, p. 14; Philip J Haythornthwaite, Wellington: The Iron Duke, Potomac Books, Dulles, 2007, p. 52.
‘You know how much I was interested’ Arthur Phillip to Evan Nepean, 2 September 1987, in HRNSW 1, p. 114.
‘a mere fighting blockhead’ Rodger, The Wooden World, p. 297.
‘take any further charge of her’ Arthur Phillip to Philip Stephens, 20 December 1781, ADM 1/2306, NA; see also Mackaness, pp. 24–5.
‘Preparations and Plans for W. India’ Earl of Shelburne to Thomas Townshend, 21 September 1782, Correspondence and Papers of Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney, F25, Brotherton Special Collections, Leeds University Library, Leeds.
‘send him to his ship’ Augustus Keppel to Thomas Townshend, 25 September 1782, William L Clements Library, University of Michigan, Sydney Papers, box 9/10.
‘to investigate the situation’ Pinto de Souza to Sá e Mello, 1 October 1782, in Frost, p. 114.
‘Phillip plan’ Robert J King, ‘An Australian Perspective on the English Invasions of the Rio de la Plata in 1806 and 1807’, International Journal of Naval History, vol. 8, no. 1, 2009.
‘arms for the Chileans’ Sir Charles Middleton, ‘Preparations Necessary for a Secret Expedition’, 26 September 1782, William Petty, 1st Marquis of Lansdowne, 2nd Earl of Shelburne Papers, Manuscripts M-66, vol. 151, item 28, William L Clements Library, University of Michigan.
‘give great alarm’ Sir Charles Middleton to Earl of Shelburne, 3 October 1782, William Petty, 1st Marquis of Lansdowne, 2nd Earl of Shelburne Papers, Manuscripts M-66, vol. 151, William L Clements Library, University of Michigan.
‘with all possible expedition’ Evan Nepean to Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, November 1782, SP 42/66, no. 408, NA.
CHAPTER 6 Captain of the Europe
‘our captain dreaded the idea’ Edward Spain, The Journal of Edward Spain, Merchant Seaman and Sometimes Warrant officer in the Royal Navy, St Marks Press, Bankstown, 1989, p. 44.
‘is blended, which is not common’ Frederick Chapman, Governor Phillip in Retirement, ed. George Mackaness, Halstead Press, Sydney, 1962, pp. 17–18.
‘lest there be orders’ Spain, p. 44.
‘I paid no attention’ Arthur Phillip to Philip Stephens, 25 April 1783, ADM 1/2307, NA.
‘exaggerating the incident’ McIntyre, p. 175.
‘such as I always thought them’ Arthur Phillip to Philip Stephens, 25 April 1783, ADM 1/2307, NA.
‘this morning when I first came on deck’ Adkins &Adkins, p. 83.
‘I cannot help reflecting’ … ‘the aromatic smell’ Spain, pp. 46–47.
‘the difficulties which have attended the refitting’ Commodore King to Philip Stephens, 18 February 1784, ADM 1/54, NA.
CHAPTER 7 Secret Agent
‘a national magnum opus’ Philippe Godard & Tudgual de Kerros, 1772: The French Annexation of New Holland. The Tale of Louis de Saint Aloüarn, Western Australian Museum, Welshpool, 2009, p. 11; Rodger, The Insatiable Earl, p. 130.
‘in order that we may ascertain the number of ships’ Lord Carmarthen to Duke of Dorset, 1 October 1784, FO 27/13, p. 1068, NA.
‘India is the first quarter to be attacked’ Henry Dundas to Lord Sydney, 2 November 1784, PRO 30/8/157, fo. 6, NA.
‘Our wealth and power in India’ Sir James Harris to Lord Carmarthen, 4 March 1785, FO 37/6, NA.
‘the fullest and most accurate intelligence’ Lord Carmarthen to Duke of Dorset, 19 October 1784, FO 27/13, fols. 1158–59, NA.
‘on account of his private affairs’ Arthur Phillip to Philip Stephens, 14 October 1784, ADM 1/2307, NA.
‘to undertake a Journey’ Secret Service Ledger, 11 November 1784, Nepean Papers, William L Clements Library, University of Michigan.
‘before the War’ ‘Capt. Arthur Phillips. Intelligence. Naval Force at Toulon’, January 1785, ‘Phillips. Intelligence from Nice’, 21 March 1785, FO 95/4/6, fols 499, 501 extract, NA.
‘débonnaire bourgeois commerçant’ Myra Stanbury, ‘The De Saint Aloüarn Voyage of 1772’, in Jeremy Green (ed.), Report on the 2006 Western Australian Museum, Department of Maritime Archaeology, Cape Inscription National Heritage Listing Archaeological Survey, Report 223, Special Publication 10, Australian National Centre of Excellence for Maritime Archaeology, Western Australian Museum, Welshpool, 2007, p. 14.
‘prodigiously efficient’ Robert Lacour-Gayet, A Concise History of Australia, trans. James Grieve, Penguin Books, Melbourne, 1976, p. 81.
‘likely places for French settlement’ … ‘which may be interesting’ OHK Spate, Paradise Found and Lost, Australian National University Press, Sydney, 1988, pp. 155–57.
‘condition, strength and object’ Dunmore (ed.), Journal of La Pérouse, Vol 1, Hakluyt Society, London, 1994, p. cxxxvii.
‘the French have a design’ Duke of Dorset to Lord Carmarthen, 5 May 1785, FO 27/16, fo. 553,
NA.
‘sixty criminals from the prison’ Duke of Dorset to Lord Carmarthen, 9 June 1785, FO 27/16, fols. 605–06, NA.
‘turn his gaze entirely to his navies’ Lacour-Gayet, pp. 80–81.
‘improving France’s strategic position in the Indian Ocean’ Ted Gott & Katrine Huguenaud, Napoleon: Revolution to Empire, National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, 2012, p. 40.
‘secrète’ Myra Stanbury, p.15.
‘on his private affairs’ Arthur Phillip to the Lords Commissioners, 1 December, 1785, ADM 6/207, NA.
‘other ports of France’, Secret Service Ledger, 11 November 1784, Nepean Papers, William L Clements Library, University of Michigan.
‘all the shipwrights and carpenters’ and following quotations ‘Lieutenant Monke to Evan Nepean. Secret intelligence from Toulon’, 24 October 1787, FO 95/4/6, fols 503–09, NA; also Alfred Cobban, ‘British Secret Service in France, 1784–92’ in The English Historical Review, Vol. 69, no. 271, p. 250.
CHAPTER 8 Pioneer
‘the convicts were what they had always been’ KM Dallas, ‘The First Settlement in Australia, Considered in Relation to Sea-Power in World Politics’, Papers and Proceedings (Tasmanian Historical Research Association), no. 3, 1952, pp. 4–12.
‘the intentions of France’ Sir James Harris to Lord Carmarthen, 3 February 1786, British Library, Add. MS 28061, fo. 21.
‘is drawing nearer and nearer every hour’ Sir James Harris to Lord Carmarthen, 8 August 1786, FO 37/11, p. 72, NA.
‘France certainly under the name of flûtes’ George III to Lord Sydney, 16 August 1786 in Arthur Aspinall (ed), The Later Correspondence of George III, Vol. 1, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1970, p. 244.
‘But it is questionable’ Emer de Vattel, The Law of Nations, or, Principles of the Law of Nature, Applied to the Conduct and Affairs of Nations and Sovereigns, GG & J Robinson, London, 1797, (1758) book 1, chap. 18, section 208.
‘a passing bird’ Godard & Kerros, p. 150.
‘in case of being opposed’ Arthur Phillip, comments on a draft of his instructions, c. 11 April 1787, CO 201/2, fol. 131, NA.
‘promote the interests of future commerce’ Lord Beauchamp, report, 28 July 1785, in Journals of the House of Commons, vol. 40 (18 May 1784 – 1 December 1785), n.p., London, 1803, p. 1164.
‘above all, the cultivation of the flax plant’ Evan Nepean to Sackville Hamilton, draft, 24 October 1786, HO 100/18, fols 369–72, NA.
‘a means of preventing the emigration’ Lord Sydney to chairmen, East India Company, 15 September 1786, in Tink, p. 222; Alan Frost, The First Fleet: The Real Story, Black Inc, Melbourne, 2011, pp. 20–21.
‘to prevent its being occupied’ ‘Phillip’s Instructions’, 25 April 1787, in HRNSW 1, p. 89.
‘superior excellence for a variety of maritime purposes’ ibid.
‘the scheme of being able to assist the East Indies’ Watkin Tench, Watkin Tench: 1788, ed. and introduced by Tim Flannery, Text, Melbourne, 1996, p. 80.
‘commanding influence in the policy of Europe’ … ‘we might very powerfully annoy’ in King, esp. n. 32.
‘the capital seat of plague’ … ‘all life dies and all death lives’ Report of the debate, 16 March 1785, in William Cobbett, Cobbett’s Parliamentary History of England, vol. 25, pp. 391–92.
‘so dreary a coast’ Emma Christopher, A Merciless Place, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 2010, p. 328; see also Alan Frost, Botany Bay: The Real Story, Black Inc, Melbourne, 2011, p. 194.
‘essentially the government in all its departments’ Spencer Percival to William Huskisson, 21 August 1809, in A Aspinall & Anthony Smith (eds), English Historical Documents: 1783–1832, vol.11, Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, 1959, p. 129.
‘to Cruise as a Volunteer’ Arthur Phillip to Lord Sandwich, 5 September 1779, in Frost, Arthur Phillip 1738–1814, p. 96.
‘Adieu, my dear friend’ Arthur Phillip to Evan Nepean, 3 September 1787, in HRNSW 1, pp. 116–17.
‘austere, morose and inaccessible man’ Rodger, The Insatiable Earl, p. 309.
‘for a service of this complicated nature’ Lord Howe to Lord Sydney, 3 September 1786, CO 201/2, fol. 31, NA.
‘I do think God Almighty made Phillip’ Rev. W Butler of Cheyne Walk, Chelsea, letter, in Louis Becke & Walter Jeffery, Admiral Phillip: The Founding of New South Wales, facsimile edn, T Fisher Unwin, London, 1899, p. 103.
‘seen much of the service’ … ‘made on purpose for such a Trial of Abilities’ Daniel Southwell to Rev. W Butler, 2 August 1787, Daniel Southwell—Papers, M 1538, State Library of New South Wales, Sydney.
‘the Commodore … had doubled every cape’ Landmann, p. 123.
‘the Ancient Line of Separation’ … ‘nearly corresponding’ McIntyre, The Rebello Transcripts, p. 160; Kenneth Gordon McIntyre, The Secret Discovery of Australia: Portuguese Ventures 200 Years before Captain Cook, Souvenir Press, Adelaide, 1977, p. 354.
‘to omit any notice’ Sir Robert Peel to Sir Joseph Banks, 30 November 1811, in McIntyre, The Secret Discovery of Australia, p. 354.
‘a more unlimited one’ Arthur Bowes Smyth, The Journal of Arthur Bowes Smyth: Surgeon, Lady Penryhn, ed. PG Fidlon &RJ Ryan, Australian Documents Library, Sydney, 1979, p. 68 (7 February 1788).
‘the outstanding generosity of the Government’ Becke & Jeffery, p. 25.
‘to submit to the consideration of Lord Chatham’ Arthur Phillip to Lord Sydney, 26 July 1790, DLMSQ 162, nos 1030–31, State Library of New South Wales, Sydney.
CHAPTER 9 Philosopher
‘the garrison and the convicts’ … ‘that it may be said hereafter’ Arthur Phillip to Lord Sydney, 12 March 1787, in HRNSW 1, pp. 56–57.
‘obliged to put a stop to his wishes’ George Teer to Navy Board, 4 December 1786, ADM 106/243, NA.
‘rail’d around from deck to deck’ Philip Gidley King, ‘The Journal of Lieutenant King’, in HRNSW 2, p. 514 (October–December 1786).
‘They now have comfortable beds’, Letter in The Gentleman’s Magazine, 4 December 1786, vol. 56, pt. 2, p. 1019.
‘he himself carrys out between thirty and forty’ Ralph Clark to Lieutenant Bedlake, 10 May 1787, Ralph Clark – Letterbook, 3 April 1787–30 September 1791, C 221, State Library of New South Wales; see also Mackaness, p. 80.
‘time is longitude and longitude time’ Dava Sobel, Longitude, Fourth Estate, London, 1995, p. 168.
‘our trusty friend’ … ‘never-failing guide’ JC Beaglehole, ‘Cook the Navigator’, lecture delivered to the Royal Society, London, 3 June 1969, in Proceedings of the Royal Society London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, vol. 314, no. 1516, 16 December 1969, p. 33.
‘ordinary sea captain would take about four hours’ ibid., p. 31.
‘ever-more entangled filigrees of arithmetic’ Simon Winchester, Outposts: Journeys to the Surviving Relics of the British Empire, Penguin Books, London, 2003 (1985), p. 17.
‘Capt. Phillip, who with Capt. Hunter’ William Bradley, ‘A Voyage to New South Wales’, unpublished journal, December 1786 – May 1792 (compiled c. 1802), Safe 1/14, Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales, Sydney, online at http://acms.sl.nsw.gov.au/album/albumView.aspx?acmsID=412904&itemID=823591.(11 May 1787), p. 11.
‘the Empire of the East’ Frost, Botany Bay – The Real Story, p. 214.
‘seat of Empire’ Arthur Phillip to Sir Charles Middleton, 6 July 1788 (privately owned).
‘of the greatest consequence to Britain’ Arthur Phillip, comments on a draft of his instructions, c. 11 April 1787, CO 201/2, fol. 131, NA.
‘no doubt but that this country’ Arthur Phillip to Lord Sydney, 9 July 1788, in HRNSW 1, p. 151.
‘serving my country and serving the cause of humanity’ Arthur Phillip to Lord Sydney, 10 July 1788, in HRNSW 1, p. 179.
‘with all convenient speed’ ‘Phillip’s Instructions’, p. 90.
‘Give them a few acres of ground’ … ‘it is very probable’ James Mario Matra, memoranda, attached to ‘Propos
al for Establishing a Settlement in New South Wales’, 23 August 1783, in HRNSW 1, p. 7.
‘It is sufficiently proved by ancient and modern history’ Atkinson, p. 68.
‘together with an assortment of tools’ ‘Phillip’s Instructions’, p. 91.
‘without having any dispute with the Natives’ and following quotations Arthur Phillip, memorandum, c. October 1786, in HRNSW 1, p. 52.
‘necessary to prevent the transport crews’ … ‘must have none’ ibid, p. 52.
‘any man who takes the life of a Native’ Arthur Phillip, comments on a draft of his instructions, c. 11 April 1787, CO 201/2, fol. 131, NA.
‘odious consequences’ in Frost, The First Fleet: The Real Story, p. 67.
‘to pine away a few years in misery’ Arthur Phillip to Lord Sydney, 15 May 1788, in HRNSW 1, p. 127.
‘the most abandoned of the female convicts’ … ‘At Mill Bank [jail in London] something of this kind’, Arthur Phillip, memorandum, c. October 1786, in HRNSW 1, p. 52.
‘and let them eat him’ ibid, p. 53.
‘There can be no slavery in a free land’ ibid, p. 53.
‘No nation in Europe’ ‘The Speech of the Right Honourable William Pitt: On a motion for the abolition of the slave trade’, 2 April 1792, Cobbett’s Parliamentary History of England, Vol. 29, p. 1152.
‘The Expedition to Botany Bay comprehends’ St James Chronicle, 16–18 January 1787 in John Gascoigne, The Enlightenment & the Origins of European Australia, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002, pp. 69–70.
‘mirrored to perfection the taste’ Mary Webster, Francis Wheatley, Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd, London, 1970, flyleaf.
CHAPTER 10 Commander
‘At a future period when this country feels the advantages’ Arthur Phillip to Evan Nepean, 11 May 1787, in HRNSW 1, p. 103.
‘the largest forced exile’, Hughes, p. 2.
‘seem as if expressly placed’ Arthur Phillip, The Voyage of Arthur Phillip to Botany Bay, John Stockdale, (1789), facsimile edn, Hutchinson, Sydney, 1982, p. 26.
‘The calms so frequent’ ibid, p. 28.
‘even to a Boatswain’s Mate’ … ‘are all we have to depend on’ Joseph Nagle, The Nagle Journal: A Diary of the Life of Jacob Nagle, Sailor, from the Year 1775 to 1841, ed. John C Dann, Weidenfeld & Nicholson, New York, 1988, pp. 73–74.