Stephen Hawking, His Life and Work
Page 41
— ‘The Edge of Spacetime’, in Paul C. W. Davies (ed.), The New Physics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989, p. 67
— and W. Israel (eds.), General Relativity, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979
— The Grand Design, with Leonard Mlodinow, London and New York: Bantam Books, 2010
— ‘Gravitational Radiation from Colliding Black Holes’, Physics Review Letters 26 (1971), pp. 1344–6
— Hawking on the Big Bang and Black Holes, Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Company, 1993
— and Roger Penrose, The Nature of Space and Time, Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 1996, 2010
— ‘The No-Boundary Proposal and the Arrow of Time’, in J. J. Halliwell, J. Perez-Mercader and W. H. Zurek (eds.), Physical Origins of Time Asymmetry, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992, p. 268
— and N. Turok, ‘Open Inflation without False Vacua’, Physics Letters B425 (1998), pp. 25–32
— Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge, March 1966
— and Thomas Hertog, ‘Populating the Landscape: A Top Down Approach’, February 2006, http://inspirebeta.net/record/710178
— and R. Penrose, ‘The Singularities of Gravitational Collapse and Cosmology’, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A314 (1970), pp. 529–48
— ‘Sixty Years in a Nutshell’, in G. W. Gibbons, E. P. S. Shellard and S. J. Rankin (eds.), The Future of Theoretical Physics and Cosmology: Celebrating Stephen Hawking’s Contributions to Physics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003 (Stephen Hawking 60th Birthday Workshop and Symposium, January 2002), p. 106
— and I. G. Moss, ‘Supercooled Phase Transitions in the Very Early Universe’, Physics Letters B110 (1982), p. 35
— and W. Israel (eds.), 300 Years of Gravitation, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987
— The Universe in a Nutshell, New York and London: Bantam Books, 2001
Lectures and papers
‘Gödel and the End of Physics’, lecture for Dirac Centennial Celebration, 20 July 2002
‘Is the End in Sight for Theoretical Physics’, inaugural lecture as Lucasian Professor of Mathematics, Apri1 1980
Lecture at the Smithsonian Institute, Washington, DC, 14 February 2005
‘The Origins of the Universe’, lecture at Caltech, 4 April 2006
‘Out of a Black Hole’, lecture at Caltech, 9 April 2008
Paper at the 17th International Conference on General Relativity and Gravitation, Dublin, July 2004
‘Remarks by Stephen Hawking’, White House Millennium Council 2000, http://clinton4.nara.gov/Initiative/Millennium/shawking.html
‘To Boldly Go’, lecture for undergraduates at Caltech, 14 January 2005
‘Why We Should Go into Space’, lecture at Caltech, 2009, video copyright, Cal Tech Digital Media Services (Information Management Systems and Services)
Unpublished
‘Black Holes and Their Children, Baby Universes’
‘Is Everything Determined?’, 1990
‘Is the End in Sight for Theoretical Physics?’
‘My Experience with Motor Neurone Disease’
‘A Short History’
Personal interviews with author
Cambridge, December 1989; June 1990; November 2010
Conversation with author, spring 1996, October 2000
TV interviews
ABC, 20/20, broadcast 1989
Interview with Larry King, Larry King Live Weekend, Cable News Network, 25 December 1999
‘Hawking Bets CERN Mega-Machine Won’t Find “God’s Particle”’, 9 September 2008, http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jaOONGqv-xW-JhBOWgiNCVi6Rsmw
‘Hawking Extols Joy of Discovery’, BBC News, 11 January 2002
‘Hawking Gets Personal’, Time, 27 September 1993, p. 80
‘Hawking Humor’, Israel Today, 28 January 2007, http://www.israeltoday.co.il
‘Hawking Misrepresents Pope John Paul II’, Catalyst 31, no. 6 (2006) http://www.catholicleague.org/catalyst/2006_catalyst/07806.htm&broward
‘Hawking Misrepresents Pope John Paul II’, Catholic League for Religious and Civil Rights, http://www.catholicleague.org/catalyst.php?year=2006&month=July-August&read=2078
Highfield, Roger, ‘Stephen Hawking to Unveil Strange New Way to Tell the Time’, Telegraph, 14 September 2008
Hogan, Jenny, ‘Hawking Cracks Black Hole Paradox’, New Scientist, 14 July 2004
Into the Universe with Stephen Hawking, Discovery Channel, 2011 (title in Great Britain is Stephen Hawking’s Universe, repeating the title of an earlier television special)
Jerome, Richard, Vickie Bane and Terry Smith, ‘Of a Mind to Marry: Physicist Stephen Hawking Pops the Most Cosmic Question of All to His Nurse’, People Magazine, 7 August 1995, p. 45
Jonas, Gerald, ‘A Brief History’, The New Yorker, 18 April 1988, p. 31
Krauss, Lawrence M., Scott Dodelson and Stephan Meyer, ‘Primordial Gravitational Waves and Cosmology’, Science, vol. 328, no. 5981 (21 May 2010), pp. 989–92
Larsen, Kristine, Stephen Hawking: A Biography, Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2007
Lemonick, Michael D., ‘Hawking Gets Personal’, Time, 27 September 1993, p. 80
Lerche, W., D. Lust and A. N. Schellekens, ‘Chiral Four-Dimensional Heterotic Strings from Selfdual Lattices’, Nuclear Physics B287 (1987), p. 477
Linde, A. D., ‘Eternally Existing Self-Reproducing Chaotic Inflationary Universe’, Physics Letters, B175 (1986), p. 395
—, ‘A New Inflationary Universe Scenario: A Possible Solution of the Horizon, Flatness, Homogeneity, Isotropy, and Primordial Monopole Problems’, Physics Letters B108 (1982), pp. 389–93
Linde, Andrei, ‘Inflationary Theory versus the Ekpyrotic/Cyclic Scenario’, in G. W. Gibbons, E. P. S. Shellard and S. J. Rankin (eds.), The Future of Theoretical Physics and Cosmology: Celebrating Stephen Hawking’s Contributions to Physics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003 (Stephen Hawking 60th Birthday Workshop and Symposium, January 2002), pp. 801–2
—, ‘The Self-Reproducing Inflationary Universe’, Scientific American, November 1994, pp. 48–55.
Livio, Mario and Martin J. Rees, ‘Anthropic Reasoning’, Science, vol. 309, no. 5737 (12 August 2005), pp. 1022–3
MacAdam, Harry, ‘Search is Vital, Says Hawking’, Sun, 28 December 2006
Maldacena, Juan Martin, ‘The Large N Limit of Superconformal Field Theories and Supergravity’, November 1997, http://inspirebeta.net/record/451647
Master of the Universe: Stephen Hawking, BBC broadcast, 1989
Matthews, Robert, ‘Stephen Hawking Fears Prejudice against Fundamental Research Threatens the Future of Science in Britain’, CAM: The University of Cambridge Alumni Magazine, Michaelmas Term, 1995, p. 12
McDaniel, Melissa, Stephen Hawking: Revolutionary Physicist, New York: Chelsea House Publications, 1994
McKie, Robin, ‘Master of the Universe’, Observer, 21 October 2001
Murdoch, Dugald, Niels Bohr’s Philosophy of Physics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987
NASA/WMAP Science Team, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, ‘First Year Results on the Oldest Light in the Universe’, 11 February 2003, http://wmap.gsfc.nasa.gov/news/PressRelease_03-064.html
—, ‘Fifth Year Results on the Oldest Light in the Universe’, 7 March 2008
—, ‘WMAP Produces New Results’, 26 January 2010, http://wmap.gsfc.nasa.gov/news/
‘No End of Universe Creation Theories’, in +Plus Magazine … Living Mathematics, University of Cambridge Centre for Mathematical Sciences Millennium Maths Project, 23 November 2007, http://web.uvic.ca/%7Ejtwong/Hartle-Hawking.html
Olesen, Alexa, ‘Stephen Hawking: Earth Could Become Like Venus’, 22 June 2006, http://www.livescience.com/environment/ap_060622_hawking_climate.html
Overbye, Dennis, ‘Cracking the Cosmic Code with a Little Help from Dr. Hawking’, The New York Times, 11 December 2001
—, ‘The Wizard of Sp
ace and Time’, Omni, February 1979, p. 106
Page, D. N. and S. W. Hawking, ‘Gamma Rays from Primordial Black Holes’, Astrophysical Journal 206 (1976), pp. 1–7.
Page, Don N., ‘Hawking’s Timely Story’, Nature 332, 21 April 1988, p. 743
—, ‘Will Entropy Decrease If the Universe Recollapses’, Physical Review D32 (1985), pp. 2496–9
Paton Walsh, Nick, ‘Alter Our DNA or Robots Will Take Over, Warns Hawking’, Observer, 2 September 2001
Penrose, Roger, ‘The Problem of Spacetime Singularities: Implications for Quantum Gravity?’, in G. W. Gibbons, E. P. S. Shellard and S. J. Rankin (eds.), The Future of Theoretical Physics and Cosmology: Celebrating Stephen Hawking’s Contributions to Physics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003 (Stephen Hawking 60th Birthday Workshop and Symposium, January 2002), p. 51
Pippard, Brian, ‘The Invincible Ignorance of Science’, The Great Ideas Today, 1990, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
‘Planck’s New View of the Cosmic Theatre’, http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/Planck/SEMK4D3SNIG_0.html
Preuse, Paul, ‘Strong Evidence for Flat Universe reported by BOOMERANG Project’, Berkeley Lab Research News, 26 April 2000, http://www.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/boomerang-flat.html
Professor Hawking’s Universe, BBC broadcast, 1983
Rees, Martin, ‘Our Complex Cosmos and Its Future’, in G. W. Gibbons, E. P. S. Shellard and S. J. Rankin (eds.), The Future of Theoretical Physics and Cosmology: Celebrating Stephen Hawking’s Contributions to Physics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003 (Stephen Hawking 60th Birthday Workshop and Symposium, January 2002), p. 17
Rothstein, Edward, ‘Glass on Columbus, Hip on a Grand Scale’, International Herald Tribune, 15 October 1992
Salisbury, David, ‘Hawking, Linde Spar Over Birth of the Universe’, Stanford Report Online, 19 April 1998, http://news-service.stanford.edu/news/1998/april29/hawking.html
Sample, Ian, ‘Large Hadron Collider Warms Up for Final Drive to Catch a Higgs Boson’, Guardian, 26 February 2011, http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2011/feb/28/large-hadron-collider-higgs-boson
—, ‘“There is no heaven or afterlife … that is a fairy story for people afraid of the dark”’, Guardian, 16 May 2011, p. 3, http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2011/may/15/stephen-hawking-interview-there-is-no-heaven?INTCMP=SRCH
Saner, Emine, ‘Lucy Hawking’s Fears’, Evening Standard (London), 14 April 2004, http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/showbiz/article-10226902-lucy-hawkings-fears.do (accessed June 2011)
Schickel, Richard, ‘The Thrust of His Thought’, Time, 31 August 1992, pp. 66, 69
Sciama, Denis W., The Unity of the Universe, Garden City, NJ: Doubleday and Company, 1961
Shuhmaher, Natalia and Robert Brandenberger, ‘Brane Gas-Driven Bulk Expansion as a Precursor State to Brane Inflation’, Physical Review Letters 96 (2006), 161301
Sipchen, Bob, ‘The Sky No Limit in the Career of Stephen Hawking’, West Australian, 16 June 1990
Snider, Mike, ‘Are computer viruses form of life?’ U.S.A. Today, 3 August 1964, p. 1
‘Space Colonies Needed for Human Survival’, Guardian, 16 October 2001, p. 3.
‘Stephen Hawking to Accept Cosmos Award in Cambridge, England’, The Planetary Society, press release, 24 February 2010, http://www.planetary.org/about/press/releases/2010/0224
‘Stephen Hawking to Divorce Second Wife’, Mail Online, last updated 19 October 2006
‘Stephen Hawking’s Alternate Universe’, video at the Smithsonian Institute, Washington, DC, 14 February 2005
Stevens, David, IMDb Mini Biography of Errol Morris, http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001554/bio
Susskind, Leonard, The Black Hole War: My Battle with Stephen Hawking to Make the World Safe for Quantum Mechanics, New York, Boston and London: Back Bay Books, 2008
—, ‘Twenty Years of Debate with Stephen’, in G. W. Gibbons, E. P. S. Shellard and S. J. Rankin (eds.), The Future of Theoretical Physics and Cosmology: Celebrating Stephen Hawking’s Contribution to Physics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003 (Stephen Hawking 60th Birthday Workshop and Symposium, January 2002), p. 330
Tasker, Fred, ‘Deep Thinkers Abuzz Over Idea of Computer Virus as Life’, Richmond Times–Dispatch, 10 August 1994, p. 4
Taylor, J. G. and P. C. W. Davies, paper in Nature 248 (1974)
‘This Week’s Finds in Mathematical Physics’ (Week 207), 25 July 2003, website ‘John Baez’s Stuff’, math.ucr.edu/home/baez
Thorne, Kip, Black Holes and Time Warps, New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1994
—, ‘Warping Spacetime’, in G. W. Gibbons, E. P. S. Shellard and S. J. Rankin (eds.), The Future of Theoretical Physics and Cosmology: Celebrating Stephen Hawking’s Contributions to Physics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003 (Stephen Hawking 60th Birthday Workshop and Symposium, January 2002), pp. 74–103
‘Trek Stop’, People Magazine, 28 June 1993, pp. 81–2
Turok, Neil, ‘The Ekpyrotic Universe and Its Cyclic Extension’, in G. W. Gibbons, E. P. S. Shellard and S. J. Rankin (eds.), The Future of Theoretical Physics and Cosmology: Celebrating Stephen Hawking’s Contributions to Physics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003 (Stephen Hawking 60th Birthday Workshop and Symposium, January 2002), p. 781
‘Understanding the Universe: Order of Creation’, The Economist, 11 September 2010, p. 85
Veash, Nicole Tuesday, ‘Ex-Wife’s Kiss-and-Tell Paints Hawking as Tyrant’, Indian Express, Bombay, 3 August 1999
Wade, Mike, ‘Peter Higgs Launches Attack against Nobel Rival Stephen Hawking’, Sunday Times, 11 September 2008
Waldrop, M. Mitchell, ‘The Quantum Wave Function of the Universe’, Science, vol. 242 (2 December 1988), p. 1248
Walton, Ellen, ‘Brief History of Hard Times’ (interview with Jane Hawking), Guardian, 9 August 1989
Watson, Andrew, ‘Inflation Confronts an Open Universe’, Science 279 (1998), p. 1455
Wenham, Michael, ‘I’d stake my life that Stephen Hawking is wrong about heaven’, Guardian, 17 May 2011, www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/belief/2011/may/17/stephen-hawking-heaven?intcmp=239
Wheeler, John A., unpublished poem
Whitehouse, David, ‘Black Holes Turned Inside Out’, BBC News, 22 July 2004
Yahoo Searchblog, 1 August 2006, http://www.ysearchblog.com/archives/999336.html
Yulsman, Tom, ‘Give Peas a Chance’, Astronomy Magazine, September 1999, pp. 38–9
Picture Acknowledgements
Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders. Those who have not been acknowledged are invited to get in touch with the publishers.
Photos not credited have kindly been supplied by Stephen Hawking.
Illustration on p. 6: portrait of Stephen Hawking by Oliver Wallington, 2010. Photo Joan Godwin.
Colour inserts
Credits read clockwise, starting in the top left-hand corner.
First section
Pages 2/3: house in Little St Mary’s Lane, Cambridge: Kitty Ferguson.
Pages 4/5: house on West Road: Yale Ferguson; Hawking family and sandpit: Homer Sykes/Time Life Pictures/Getty Images; all other photos on this spread: © Ian Berry/Magnum.
Pages 6/7: SH and Chris Hull: David Montgomery/Getty Images; SH and Don Page: Ian Berry/Magnum Photos; Stephen Hawking fan club: Steve Kagan/Time Life Pictures/Getty Images; SH in Berkeley: James A Sugar/National Geographic Stock; SH with Roger Penrose and Kip Thorne: photograph taken and supplied by Stephen Wall Morris of eventphotographer.ie; SH and Elaine Mason: Miriam Berkeley; SH in his office: © Ian Berry/Magnum; SH with students, Cambridge: © Ian Berry/Magnum.
Page 8: main picture: © Ian Berry/Magnum; inset: AIP Emilio Segre Visual Archives, Wolf Foundation.
Second section
Page 1: SH receives his honorary degree: Michael Manni, courtesy of Christine Manni.
Pages 2/3: SH and his mother: Tim Rooke/Rex Features; SH with animated clipping of characters from The Simpsons: AP Photo/Sherwin Crasto; SH
’s guest appearance on Star Trek: the Next Generation: Julie Markes/AP/Press Association Images; SH as a character in Futurama: 20thC Fox/Everett/Rex Features; SH and Stephen Spielberg: Joan Godwin; still from A Brief History of Time: Triton/The Kobal Collection.
Pages 4/5: SH and Elaine Mason, wedding day: Justin Williams/PA Archive; SH on Easter Island: Judith Croasdell; SH in zero gravity: Jim Campbell, Aero-News Network; SH at his sixtieth birthday party: Anna Zytkow; SH in Antarctica: Tom Kendall; John Preskill, Kip Thorne and SH: courtesy of the Archives, California Institute of Technology.
Pages 6/7: SH meets Obama: the White House; Cambridge Centre for Mathematical Sciences: Yale Ferguson; SH in his office and view of his outer door: both Frank Zauritz/Laif/Camera Press, London; portrait bust: photo Kitty Ferguson; SH and the Grasshopper Clock: Jeremy Pembrey/Camera Press; SH with Queen Elizabeth at the Chelsea Flower Show: Matt Dunham/WPA Pool/Getty Images; SH at the White House: Joan Godwin; SH with Nelson Mandela: Denis Farrell/Press Association Images.
Page 8: SH and Yo-Yo Ma at the World Science Festival, New York, 2 June 2010: Wire Images.
Index
The page references in this index correspond to the printed edition from which this ebook was created. To find a specific word or phrase from the index, please use the search feature of your ebook reader.
ABC TV, 20/20 245
Adams, John Couch 85
Adams, Randal 278–9
Adams Prize 85
Addenbrooke’s Hospital 227, 349
African Institute for Mathematical Sciences (AIMS) 385
Albert Einstein Award 157
Albrecht, Andreas, inflation theory 194
Alcott, Louisa May 88
Alien Planet (docudrama), SWH and 369
Alpher, Ralph, and CMBR 180–1
American Astronomical Society 314
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) 15–16, 67
see also motor neurone disease
Ansen, David, on film 281
Antarctica, SWH’s visit 314
anthropic principle 176–9, 447 g