Nazi Germany and the Jews, Volume 2: The Years of Extermination
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art, 76, 117, 164–66, 481–82, 560
Aryanization campaign 140, 142–43, 170–71, 179–80, 256, 423–24. See also expropriation campaign
assassinations
attempts on Hitler, 18, 633–34
of Heydrich, 349–50
Asscher, Abraham, 180–82, 409, 555, 556
assembly camps. See
concentration camps
assets. See expropriation
campaign
assimilation, 5–8, 26, 97–98
Athens, 613. See also Greece
Atlantic Charter, 201, 239
atrocities. See mass executions
Aubin, Hermann, 33
Auerswald, Heinz, 147, 157, 243, 427
Auschwitz concentration camp
administration of, 346
Allied plan to bomb
railway line between
Hungary and, 625–28
anti-Semitism of prisoners
at, 508–10
deportations of French
Jews to, 258
deportations of German
Jews to, 425–26
deportations of Greek Jews to, 487–90
deporatations of Hungarian
Jews to, 615–19, 624
development of Auschwitz
II–Birkenau at, xiii, 359, 501–10, 582
development of gas
chambers at, 235–36
escapes from, 614–15
evacuation of, 649–50
executions at, 636, 651
family camp at, 577–82, 636
gassings at, 358–59, 404–13, 415, 416, 422, 454, 470, 486, 502, 520, 555, 600, 601, 610, 615–19, 624, 632, 637, 647
Himmler’s visit to, 404–5
Jewish Council in, 83
Jewish experience at, 504–8
liberation of, 602
soldiers at, 509–10
transports from
Theresienstadt to, 579
Auschwitz II–Birkenau
extermination site, xiii, 359, 501–10, 582
Auschwitz Protocols, 614, 619
Aus der Fünten, Ferdinand, 378–79, 407–9, 412
Austria, 5, 8–9, 34–35, 48, 81, 139, 266–67, 640–43
auxiliary forces, 360–61, 427, 458, 519–20, 639. See also partisans
awareness, public
about anti-Jewish measures
in Germany and Poland, 53–54
about exterminations, 293–98, 358, 438–47, 454–63, 510–17
in Germany, 293–98, 399–400, 426, 510–17, 539–40
growth of anti-Semitism
with, xxi–xxiii
in Italy, 453–54
in Palestine, 305–6
in Sweden, 459
in United States, 304–5, 460–62
Babi Yar massacre, 197, 215–19, 259–60, 537
Bach-Zalewski, Erich von dem, 138, 200
Backe, Herbert, 138
Baden, 65, 93–94, 371 Badoglio, Pietro, 470–71 Baeck, Leo, 59–60, 425–26, 555
Baer, Richard, 509
Bajgelman, Dawid, 152 Baky, Laszlo, 614
Balaban, Meir, 588
Ballensiefen, Heinz, 262 Baltic countries, 6, 11, 67, 71, 219–25, 234, 303, 362, 632–33
Bandera, Stepan, 213
Bankier, David, 254
Baram, Haim, 309–10
Barash, Ephraïm, 246, 323, 365, 529–30
Barbarossa, 131, 133–34
Barbie, Klaus, 601
Bardossy, Laszlo, 232, 451
Bargen, Werner von, 422
Barkai, Avraham, 388
Basch, Victor, 610–11
Battle of Britain, 130, 276
Bauer, Yehuda, 374, 452, 615
Baum, Herbert, xxiv, 348–49
Baur, André, 416, 551–52
Beaune-la-Rolande
concentration camp, 415–16
Becher, Kurt, 624, 625, 647
Beger, Bruno, 591–92
beggar children, 158, 244
Beleff, Alexander, 452
Belgium, 66, 69, 184, 258–59, 421–23, 441–44, 644
Belgrade, 363–64. See also Yugoslavia
Belorussia, 358, 364
Belzec extermination camp, 154, 234, 283–84, 355, 356–57, 358, 399–400, 435, 458–59, 464
Bene, Otto, 124
Ben-Gurion, David, 305–6, 457–58, 597, 622–23
Benjamin, Walter, 127
Bérard, Léon, 186
Berg, Mary, 157
Bergen, Diego von, 564–65
Bergen-Belsen concentration
camp, 489, 582–84, 609–10
Bergson, Henri, 116
Bergson, Peter, 595–96
Berkhoff, Karel C., 537
Berlinski, Hersch, 391
Bermuda conference, 595
Bernadotte, Folke, 648
Bernardini, Filippe, 463
Bernhardt, Heinz, 309–10
Bernheim, Julius Israel, 54
Berning, Wilhelm, 92, 301-2
Bertram, Adolf, 58, 298–99, 302–3, 515, 661
Bessarabia, 225
Best, Werner, 115–16, 171–72, 546–47
Bewicka, Lyuba, 383
Bialystok, 24, 223–24, 246, 298, 323, 365–30, 529–30, 579
Bieberstein, Wilhelm, 121
Biebow, Hans, 144, 630–31
Biélinky, Jacques, 19–20, 174–75, 257, 269, 318, 379–80, 413, 440, 444,
662
Bielsky brothers, 250, 364–65
Binder, Elisheva (Elsa), 282–83, 321–22, 327, 386–87, 662
Birkenau. See Auschwitz II–
Birkenau extermination site
Bischoff, Max, 147, 502–3
Bjelaja Zerkow, 215, 217–18
black marketeers, Jewish, 42
Blaschke, Hugo, 274
Blaskowitz, Johannes, 30
Blobel, Paul, 216–17, 234
Bloch, Marc, 178
Blocq-Mascart, Maxime, 418–19
Bloom–Van Nuys Bill, 85
Blum, Léon, 9, 109, 112
Bock, Fedor von, 267
Boder, David, 145
Boegner, Marc, 115, 118, 193
Boehme, Franz, 228
Bohemia, 8, 9, 283, 310, 351, 593
Böhmcker, D. H., 124, 179 Bolle, M. H., 407
Bolshevism. See also communism; Soviet
Union antiliberalism and, 68–69
Jews and, xx, 25–26, 44–48, 129–34, 472–73, 605,
645–46
Pius XII (pope) and, 565–68
proposed Bolshevik skull collection, 591–92
Bondy, Ruth, 353
Bonhoeffer, Dietrich, 575 Bormann, Martin, 137, 142–43, 369, 471–72, 544, 635, 644–45
Born, Friedrich, 642
Böttcher, Walter, 20
Bouhler, Philipp, 15
Bousquet, René, 377
Bracht, Fritz, 404
Brack, Viktor, 15, 403
Brackmann, Alfred, 33
Braham, Randolf, 619
Brand, Joel, 621–25
Brandt, Rudolf, 138, 427, 586, 592
Branquinho, Carlos, 642
Brasillach, Robert, 381
Brauchitsch, Walther von, 28, 52, 116, 331
Bräutigam, Otto, 264
Brazil, 86
Breitenau labor camp, 639 Brest-Litovsk, 224, 361, 426,
490
bribery, 42, 86, 149, 155, 308, 450, 501, 534–37. See also extortion
Brinon, Fernand de, 379 Brissac, Pierre, 116
Broad, Perry, 616
Broszat, Martin, 657
Browning, Christopher R., xx, 145, 347
Bruckmann, Elsa, 165
Brunner, Alois, 351, 487, 551–54
Bruskina, Masha, 250
Brussels, 64. See also Belgium
Brzezany, 214–15
Buchenwald concentration camp, 124, 181, 296, 650–51
Buczacz, 535–37
Budapest, 640–42. See also
Hungary
Bühler, Josef, 339, 342 Bukovina, 225
Bulgaria, 6, 11, 131, 452, 484–85, 605–6, 628–29
Bulgarian Orthodox Church, 485
Bund, 153, 198, 219, 247, 250–51, 383, 391–92, 522, 598–99
Bürckel, Josef, 93
Burckhardt, Carl, 91–92, 461, 625
Burckhardt, René, 489 Burger, Tony, 578, 613 Burrin, Philippe, 117
Burzio, Giuseppe, 463
businesses, xxi, 140–41. See also Aryanization;
industry
Calisse, Alberto, 453
“Campo di Fiori” poem, 533–34
camps. See concentration
camps; extermination
sites; labor camps; transit camps
Canaris, Wilhelm, 13, 545, 634
capitalism, 18, 22–23, 68, 79 carbon monoxide gassing, 16, 234, 357. See also gassings
Carmille, René, 256
Cassulo, Andrea, 450
Catholic Church. See also
Christian churches;
Vatican
antiliberalism and collaboration of, 68, 71–75
anti-Semitism of, 184–87 awareness of German,
about extermination, 512–14
Belgian, 423
British, 461
Croatian, 228–30 deportation of Catholic
Jews from Germany and, 94
Dutch, 125, 410–12
Eastern Orthodox (see Eastern Orthodox Church)
French, 113–15, 126, 174, 184, 419–21, 551
German, 57–58, 185–86, 202, 298–303, 515–17, 576–77
Hungarian, 232, 619–20, 641
Lithuanian, 241–42, 303
Polish, 25–26, 184–85, 537–38
Pius XI (pope), 58, 72–73
Pius XII (see Pius XII [pope])
request for requiem mass for Hitler by, 661
Slovakian, 230–31
Celemenski, Jacob, 149
Céline, Louis-Ferdinand, 110, 381
Central Europe, 7–8. See also
Europe
Central Office for Jewish
Affairs, French, 172
Central Office for Jewish
Emigration, Dutch, 179
Centre Américain de
Secours, 84
Chaillet, Pierre, 420
Chamberlain, Neville, 67 Chappoulie, Henri, 551 charismatic leadership,
Hitler’s, xx, 656–59
Chelmno extermination site, 234, 284, 314–18, 337, 350, 357, 364, 392, 441,
630
children
Bialystok, in family camp, 579
deportation and execution of French, 378, 415–16, 601–2, 611–12
deportation of Lodz, 433–34
deportation of Warsaw, 429–31
euthanasia of Polish, 15
execution of Kiev, 216–19
execution of tuberculosis test subjects, 655–56
ghetto, 150–53, 157–58, 244–45
rescue of French, 417, 420, 552
rescue of Dutch, 411
on Struma ship, 330
in Theresienstadt camp, 352–55
Chile, 86
Christian churches. See also
Catholic Church;
Eastern Orthodox
Church; Protestant
churches
antiliberalism and collaboration of, 69–71
anti-Semitism of American, 271
anti-Semitism of European, xvii–xviii, xx
anti-Semitism of German, 55–58
anti-Semitism of Hungarian, 232
anti-Semitism of Romanian, 167–68, 226
anti-Semitism of Ukrainian, 213
awareness of exterminations by, 512–17
converted Jews and, xxi (see also converted Jews)
protests by Dutch, 125, 410–12
protests by German, 185–86, 202
reaction of European, 574–77
reaction of German, 53, 55–58, 298–303, 539–40
role of, in Nazi Germany, 514–17
as vested interests, xxi
Christianity. See also Judaism de-Judaization of, 32–33, 161
Hitler on, 17, 203
Christianstadt labor camp, 651
Chronicle of the Lodz Ghetto 1941–1944, The, vii, 146, 632
chroniclers. See also diarists, Jewish
Lodz ghetto, vii, 146, 245–46, 388–89, 433–35, 585–86, 632, 662
Warsaw ghetto (Oneg Shabat), 106, 146, 150, 394, 445, 528
Chuikov, Vasily, 401 churches, Christian. See
Christian churches
Churchill, Winston, 67, 201, 447, 462, 623, 627, 657
Church of Zion, 24
Ciano, Galeazzo, 270, 274, 453–54
Cioran, E. M., 77 citizenship
French, 550–51
German, 289
civil servants, Dutch, 123–24
Clages, Gerhard, 647
Cleveringa, R. P., 124
clothing, 499
Codreanu, Corneliu Zelea, 168
Cohen, David, 181–82, 408–9, 555, 556
Cohn, Willy, 96–97, 268, 307
Cointet, Michèle, 421
collaboration, 67–75, 76, 111, 117, 169, 175, 610–12
collective rights, Jewish, 7
colonization, 76, 133–34, 233–34. See also deportations
Comité de Coordination, 121
Comité de Défense des Juifs, 121
Commissariat Général aux Questions Juives (CGQJ), 172, 377, 382, 551, 589
communism
in Belgium, 423
European anti-Semitism and, xvii–xviii
Soviet (see Bolshevism)
Ukrainian anti-Semitism and, 537
Compiègne concentration camp, 110, 258, 376–77
compulsory sterilization.
See sterilization
concentration camps. See also labor camps
administration of, 346
evacuation of, 648–52
for exchange Jews, 582–84 extermination sites vs., 508–9 (see also extermination sites)
in France, 93, 109–10, 170, 257, 415–16
in Holland, 375–76
Kovno as, 584 in Poland, 14–15
as transit camps, 283, 351–56 (see also transit camps)
Confessing Church, German, 56, 57, 92, 299–302, 512, 516–17, 575
Consistoire Central, 118–21, 176, 416–17, 554
converted Jews burial of, 57
Catholic Church and, 58, 86, 94, 186, 229, 640
Christian churches and, xxi, 56–57, 298–303, 574–75
conversion motive for rescuing children, 577
Dutch, 125, 410–11
French, 172–73
Hungarian, 620 in Warsaw ghetto, 243–45
Conze, Werner, 32
Cornides, Wilhelm, 399–400 corpses, 237, 462, 503, 581–82 corruption, 42, 374, 407, 432, 497, 544
Cotnareanu, León, 171
Coty, François, 170–71
Coughlin, Charles, 271
Councils, Jewish. See Jewish
Councils
Council to Aid Jews, Polish, 537–38
Crédit Lyonnais, 170
crematoriums, Auschwitz, 359, 502–4, 616. See also
Auschwitz concentration camp
Croatia, 71, 227–30, 453, 487
culture
cultural regulations, 97–98
expropriation of cultural assets, 76, 164–66
Jewish, 5, 24–25, 97–98, 255–56
Jewish ghetto and camp, 150–53, 382–83, 393, 438, 584–86, 637–38
Nazi policies and, xvii soldiers and Auschwitz, 509–10
Cuza, Alexander, 162, 167–68
Czapik, Gyula, 620
Czech, Danuta, 236
Czechoslovakia, 3, 6, 343, 349, 351–56, 581–82, 592–93, 649–50
Czerniaków, Adam, 4, 10, 37–39, 41, 61–64, 81–82, 105, 155, 157–58, 199, 243–44, 390, 392, 395, 427–29, 662