by Mary M. Lane
5. George Grosz to Wieland Herzfelde, 8 March 1935, in Knust, George Grosz Briefe 1913–1959, 213.
6. Judin, George Grosz, 132.
7. George Grosz to Wieland Herzfelde, 8 March 1935, in Knust, George Grosz Briefe 1913–1959, 212.
8. Judin, George Grosz, 52.
9. George Grosz to Ernest Hemingway, 24 July 1936, in Knust, George Grosz Briefe 1913–1959, 248.
10. Paul Rosenfeld, “Exhibition ‘Fantastic Art, Dada and Surrealism,’ at the Museum of Modern Art,” New Republic, 6 January 1937.
11. See Ezra Mendelsohn and Richard I. Cohen, eds., Studies in Contemporary Jewry, vol. 6: Art and Its Uses: The Visual Image and Modern Jewish Society (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990), 121.
12. M. Kay Flavell, George Grosz: A Biography (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1988), 181.
13. George Grosz, “Notizen für eine Ansprache: 1958” (unpublished notes, 1958) in George Grosz: Leben und Werk, ed. Uwe M. Schneede (Stuttgart: Verlag Gerd Hatje, 1975), 130.
14. Marty Grosz (son of artist George Grosz) in discussion with the author, June 2018.
15. Judin, George Grosz, 72.
16. Judin, George Grosz, 150.
17. Helen Boswell, “Grosz Paints What He Can’t Forget,” Art Digest (15 February 1943): 7, quoted by Barbara McCloskey in Judin, George Grosz, 13.
18. Richard O. Boyer, “1—Demons in the Suburbs,” New Yorker, 27 November 1943.
19. Marty Grosz (son of artist George Grosz) in discussion with the author, June 2018.
20. Boyer, “1—Demons in the Suburbs.”
21. Boyer, “1—Demons in the Suburbs.”
22. Boyer, “1—Demons in the Suburbs.”
23. Boyer, “1—Demons in the Suburbs.”
24. Boyer, “1—Demons in the Suburbs.”
25. Boyer, “1—Demons in the Suburbs.”
26. Richard O. Boyer, “3—The Yankee from Berlin,” New Yorker, 11 December 1943.
27. George Grosz to Ben Hecht, 21 May 1944, in Knust, George Grosz Briefe 1913–1959, 334, 335.
28. George Grosz to Estelle Mandel, 15 March 1945, in Knust, George Grosz Briefe 1913–1959, 345, 346.
29. George Grosz to Herbert Fiedler, February 1946, in Knust, George Grosz Briefe 1913–1959, 364–368.
30. Marty Grosz (son of artist George Grosz) in discussion with the author, June 2018.
31. Pegeen Sullivan, Catalogue: A Piece of My World in a World Without Peace (New York: AAA Galleries, October 1946), n.p., quoted in Flavell, George Grosz, 249.
32. George Grosz, Press Statement: A Piece of My World in a World Without Peace (New York: AAA Galleries, October 1946), n.p., reproduced in Flavell, George Grosz, 320.
33. George Grosz, “A Piece of My World II / The Last Battalion,” in Judin, George Grosz, 192.
34. George Grosz to Ulrich Becher, 20 May 1947, in Knust, George Grosz Briefe 1913–1959, 394.
35. Flavell, George Grosz, 250.
36. Boyer, “3—The Yankee from Berlin.”
37. Boyer, “3—The Yankee from Berlin.”
38. Grosz, A Little Yes, 304.
39. Edmund Wilson, “Book Review: George Grosz,” New Yorker, 4 January 1947, 6–70.
40. Grosz, A Little Yes, 301.
41. For a facsimile of Stanley Kubrick’s scrapbook page, see Judin, George Grosz, 260.
42. Richard O. Boyer, “2—The Saddest Man in All the World,” New Yorker, 4 December 1943.
43. Boyer, “3—The Yankee from Berlin.”
44. Marty Grosz (son of artist George Grosz) in discussion with the author, June 2018; see also Flavell, George Grosz, 271.
45. Marty Grosz (son of artist George Grosz) in discussion with the author, June 2018.
46. Marty Grosz (son of artist George Grosz) in discussion with the author, June 2018.
47. Alexander Kluy, George Grosz: König Ohne Land (Munich: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 2017), 349.
48. George Grosz, Diary 1955, MS Ger. 206/1094, Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, quoted in Kluy, George Grosz, 350.
49. George Grosz, Diary 1955, MS Ger. 206/1094, Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, quoted in Kluy, George Grosz, 350.
50. George Grosz, Diary Entry: 27 September 1956, Diary 1956, MS Ger. 206/1102, Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, quoted in Kluy, George Grosz, 351.
51. George Grosz, “Manhattan-Ballade in Berlin,” Telegraf (Berlin), Number 203, Issue 13, 7 September 1958, 25, quoted in Kluy, George Grosz, 360.
52. Letter, Eva Grosz to German Government, 19 August 1958, George Grosz Archive, Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, quoted in Ralph Jentsch, Alfred Flechtheim George Grosz. Zwei deutsche Schicksale (Bonn: Weidle, 2008), 91.
53. No author, Receipt, MS Ger. 206/1115, Folder 5 in Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, quoted in Kluy, George Grosz, 362.
54. Marty Grosz (son of artist George Grosz) in discussion with the author, June 2018.
55. George Grosz, “You Mistake Me for an After-Dinner Speaker,” 20 May 1959, in George Grosz, Berlin–New York, ed. Peter-Klaus Schuster (Berlin: Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, 1995), 310, 311.
56. Marty Grosz (son of artist George Grosz) in discussion with the author, June 2018.
57. Flavell, George Grosz, 185.
58. Britta Olényi von Husen, “‘They Are the Finest Ones, for Which I Had Set the Highest Prices’: Adolph von Menzel in the Collection of Albert Martin Wolffson,” in Gurlitt: Status Report, ed. Kunstmuseum Bern, Bundeskunsthalle, 130.
59. George Grosz to Elisabeth Lindner, 17 March 1949, in Knust, George Grosz Briefe 1913–1959, 426–429.
60. Judin, George Grosz, 58.
61. Kluy, George Grosz, 378, 379.
62. Charles Baudelaire, “Edgar Allan Poe, His Life and Works,” in Selected Writings on Art and Artists (New York: Penguin Books), 184; Flavell, George Grosz, 266.
CHAPTER IX: HITLER’S LAST HOSTAGES
1. Confidential German source close to Cornelius Gurlitt in discussion with the author, spring 2014.
2. Confidential German source close to Cornelius Gurlitt in discussion with the author, spring 2014.
3. Confidential German source close to Cornelius Gurlitt in discussion with the author, spring 2014.
4. Confidential German source close to Cornelius Gurlitt in discussion with the author, spring 2014.
5. Agenda calendar, Cornelius Gurlitt, 9 November 1956, Gurlitt Family Private Archive, quoted in Maurice Philip Remy, Der Fall Gurlitt: Die wahre Geschichte über Deutschlands größten Kunstskandal (Berlin: Europa Verlag, 2017), 405.
6. Cornelius Gurlitt, Letter to N. N., October 1960, Salzburg Archives, Salzburg, quoted in Remy, Der Fall Gurlitt, 406.
7. See letters to Hildebrand and Helene Gurlitt, November 1956, #257–259, Hildebrand Gurlitt Papers, Berlin Library, Bundesarchiv (Berlin Federal Archives).
8. Letter, Rudolf Schleier to Helene Gurlitt, 12 November 1956, #409, Hildebrand Gurlitt Papers, Berlin Library, Bundesarchiv (Berlin Federal Archives).
9. Letter, Aenne Abels to Helene Gurlitt, 23 November 1956, #615, Hildebrand Gurlitt Papers, Berlin Library, Bundesarchiv (Berlin Federal Archives).
10. Letter, Benita Fräßle-Gurlitt to Cornelius Gurlitt, 19 February 1967, Gurlitt Family Private Archive, quoted in Remy, Der Fall Gurlitt, 405.
11. Remy, Der Fall Gurlitt, 408–410.
12. Letter, Cornelius Gurlitt to Helene and Benita Gurlitt, August 1959, Düsseldorf Stadtarchiv, Dusseldorf, Germany, quoted in Remy, Der Fall Gurlitt, 423.
13. Letter, Helene Gurlitt to Cornelius Gurlitt, 31 May 1965, Gurlitt Family Private Archive, quoted in Remy, Der Fall Gurlitt, 410, 411.
14. Letter, Cornelius Gurlitt to Helene and Benita Gurlitt, no date (likely September 1963), Gurlitt Family Private Archive, quoted in Remy, Der Fall Gurlitt, 417.
15. Letter, Cornelius Gurlitt to Helene and Benita Gurlitt, September
1961, Gurlitt Family Private Archive, quoted in Remy, Der Fall Gurlitt, 417.
16. Letter, Benita Fräßle-Gurlitt to Cornelius Gurlitt, 15 November 1967, Gurlitt Family Private Archive, quoted in Remy, Der Fall Gurlitt, 418.
17. Letter, Helene Gurlitt to Cornelius Gurlitt, 30 March 1962, Gurlitt Family Private Archive, quoted in Remy, Der Fall Gurlitt, 419.
18. Calendar, Cornelius Gurlitt, 9 April 1966, Gurlitt Family Private Archive, quoted in Remy, Der Fall Gurlitt, 424.
19. Letter, Benita Gurlitt to Cornelius Gurlitt, 14 November 1974, Gurlitt Family Private Archive, quoted in Remy, Der Fall Gurlitt, 428.
20. Remy, Der Fall Gurlitt, 427.
21. Remy, Der Fall Gurlitt, 427.
22. Calendar, Cornelius Gurlitt, 9 November 1971, quoted in Remy, Der Fall Gurlitt, 431.
23. Confidential German source in discussion with the author, spring 2014.
24. Oliver Meier, Michael Feller, and Stefanie Christ, Der Gurlitt-Komplex: Bern und die Raubkunst (Zürich: Chronos Verlag, 2017), 311.
25. Letter, Cornelius Gurlitt to Benita Gurlitt, November 1974, Gurlitt Family Private Archive, quoted in Remy, Der Fall Gurlitt, 433.
26. Remy, Der Fall Gurlitt, 435.
27. Remy, Der Fall Gurlitt, 438.
28. Remy, Der Fall Gurlitt, 438.
29. Customs report, 2 November 2010, quoted in Remy, Der Fall Gurlitt, 442.
30. “Washington Conference Principles on Nazi-Confiscated Art: 3 December 1998,” US Department of State, accessed 2 December 2018, www.state.gov/p/eur/rt/hlcst/270431.htm.
31. Remy, Der Fall Gurlitt, 446.
32. Author’s reporting notes for the Wall Street Journal, November 2013.
33. Author’s reporting notes for the Wall Street Journal, November 2013.
34. Author’s reporting for the Wall Street Journal, November 2013.
35. “Washington Conference Principles on Nazi-Confiscated Art: 3 December 1998.”
36. Marcus Walker and Mary M. Lane, “Furor over Hidden Art Is Unwelcome Distraction for German Prosecutor,” Wall Street Journal, 10 November 2013.
37. Walker and Lane, “Furor over Hidden Art.”
38. David Toren in discussion with the author, June 2018; Peter Toren (son of David Toren) in discussion with the author, November 2015.
39. Peter Toren (son of David Toren) in discussion with the author, June 2018.
40. Peter Toren (son of David Toren) in discussion with the author, June 2018.
41. Hilary Spurling, Matisse the Master: A Life of Henri Matisse: The Conquest of Colour, 1909–1954 (London: Hamish Hamilton, 2005), 393.
42. Marianne Rosenberg (granddaughter of Paul Rosenberg) in discussion with the author, July 2018.
43. Özelm Gezer, “Die Liebe seines Lebens,” Der Spiegel 47/2013, 127.
44. Gezer, “Die Liebe seines Lebens,” 129.
45. Gezer, “Die Liebe seines Lebens,” 130.
46. Gezer, “Die Liebe seines Lebens,” 130.
47. “Washington Conference Principles on Nazi-Confiscated Art: 3 December 1998.”
48. Peter Toren (son of David Toren) in discussion with the author, June 2018.
49. Confidential German source in discussion with the author, early 2013.
50. Author’s reporting notes for the Wall Street Journal, May 2014.
51. Author’s reporting notes for the Wall Street Journal, May 2014.
52. Author’s reporting notes for the Wall Street Journal, May 2014.
53. Mary M. Lane, “Germany to Comb Museums for Nazi-Looted Art,” Wall Street Journal, 12 February 2014.
54. Official Minutes, German Bundesrat, Sitzung (Session) 919, 14 February 2014.
55. Official Minutes, German Bundesrat, Sitzung (Session) 919, 14 February 2014.
56. Author’s reporting notes for the Wall Street Journal, May 2014.
57. Marianne Rosenberg (granddaughter of Paul Rosenberg) in discussion with the author, July 2018
58. Mary M. Lane, “Norway Returns Looted Matisse,” Wall Street Journal, 22 March 2014.
59. Confidential German source in discussion with the author, May 2014.
60. Author’s reporting notes for the Wall Street Journal, May 2014.
61. Confidential Swiss source in discussion with the author, October and November 2014.
62. David Toren in discussion with the author, November 2015.
63. Peter Toren (son of David Toren) in discussion with the author, June 2018.
64. Peter Toren (son of David Toren) in discussion with the author, June 2018.
65. Peter Toren (son of David Toren) in discussion with the author, June 2018.
EPILOGUE: BUSINESS AS USUAL
1. Author’s reporting notes for Wall Street Journal, November 2013.
2. Rein Wolfs (Kunsthalle Bonn director) in discussion with the author, March 2018.
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