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131
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132
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133
index
AAFS,8
backextrapolation,77
Abel,JohnJacob,8
barbiturates,67–71,78
absorption,18
bars,dramshopcasesand,77–78
abuse,5,40
baseball,58,109
accreditation,36–37
Bayer,AdolphVon,66
acetaminophen,15,40
behavior. Seeeffects
ADAMprogram,45
benzodiazepines,21,67,71–73,76
ADHD,57,58
benzoylecgonine,60–61
adolescents,42,43–45,90,103,109–110
benzylisoquinolines,80
adulterants,39–40
bloodalcoholconcentration,33–37,68–69,
AIDS,50
76–78
alcohol
blood-brainbarrier,12–15,60–61,83,104,
adolescentsand,43
105
bloodalcoholconcentrationand,33–35
brains,14,21–23
chloralhydrateand,75
breathalyzers,34,107
derivationofproofand,70
Bucheim,Rudolf,8
metabolismof,16,68–69
bufotenine,89,92
withdrawaland,76–77
Burns,Marcelline,76
alcoholdehydrogenase,16,68
butalbital,78
alveoli,12
buttons,mescaline,89,92
amnesia,69
amotivationalsyndrome,51
California,49
amphetamines,21,57–60,61,64
cannabinoids,47–51,52–53
amylnitrate,106
capillaryelectrophoresis,31–33
anaboliceffects,109
cataplexy,73
AnabolicSteroidControlAct,110
cathinone,61–62
anabolic-androgenicsteroids,3,109–113
CDC,45
analysis
celebrities,overdosesby,1–2
bloodalcoholconcentrationand,33–37
centralnervoussystem,14–15,21–23,55–65.
cannabinoidsand,52–53
See alsodepressants
chromatographyand,26,29–33,53,85
chainofcustody,64
depressantsand,76–78
chemotherapy,50
DrugRecognitionExperts(DREs)and,
chloralhydrate,75
35–36
chromatography,26,29–33
ecstasyand,92
cirrhosis,69
futureresearchand,115–116
Coca-Cola,56
GHBand,78
cocaethylene,61
ofhallucinogens,95
cocaine,55–57,60–61,63–64,82
marijuanaand,53
codeine,75,82
opioidsand,85–86
colorimetrictests,28–29,53
stimulantsand,62–65
ComprehensiveDrugAbusePreventionand
testsfor,25–29
ControlAct,40–42,107,110
urinetestingand,28,32,63–64,78,85–86
concentration,defined,25
anandamide,51
confirmatorytests,25,64
androgens,109
conjugation,16
anemia,106
consultants,6
anesthetics,67,71,75,97–102
ControlledSubstancesAct(CSA),40–42,107,
antidiuretichormone,69
110
ASCLAD,36–37
crackcocaine,56–57,62
ASPET,8
cross-tolerance,38–39,94
asthma,47,60
CSIeffect,1
ataxia,51
curare,27
automobiles. Seemotorvehicles
cutoffvalues,31,32
134
Index
daVinci,Leonardo,19
expertwitnesses,6
DASIS,45
extrapolation,77
daterapedrugs,71–72,73–74,75,78
DAWN,43,44
falsepositives,28,52–53,62,64–65
decomposition,27
FDA,101
dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA),110
fentanyl,82
dependence,38–39,51,75,111
first-passeffect,17
depressants
flashbacks,94–95
alcohol,68–69
forensicscience,2–5,6–11
barbiturates,69–71
freebasecocaine,56–57
benzodiazepines,71–73
Freud,Sigmund,55
forensicissuesand,76–78
GHB,73–75
GABA,21,74
historyof,66–67
gamma-hydroxybutyrate,21,67,73–75,78
overviewof,75–76
gaschromatography(GC),28
dextromethorphan,22,82,84
gaschromatogratography/massspectrometry
diazepam,15,72–73
(GC/MS),28,29–30,85
diets,57,58
GHB,21,67,73–75,78
diffusion,12–13,14
gluesniffing,107
diluents,39–40
glutethimide,75,82
dissociativeanesthetics,97–102
Gray,Henry,19
DMT,89,92
growthhormone,67
dopamine,21,22
dosage,toxicologyand,4
hairtesting,26
dramshopcases,77–78
half-life
drivingwhileintoxicated(DWI),76–77
ofbenzodiazepines,72–73
dronabinol,50
ofcocaine,60–61
DrugRecognitionExperts(DREs),35–36
defined,18
druggeddriving,43–44
ofecstasy,92
Duquenois-Levinecolortests,53
ofLSD,91
Dyer,JoEllen,6
ofmescaline,92
dynorphins,21–22
ofopioids,83
ofPCPandketamine,99–100
ecstasy. SeeMDMA
hallucinogens,47,88–90,90–95
effects
<
br /> hashish,48,50
ofhallucinogens,93–94
headspacegaschromatography,33
ofinhalants,105
hemp,47–48,52–53
ofmarijuana,51
Henry’sLaw,33
ofopioids,84
heroin,75,80,82–84,86
ofPCPandketamine,100
high-performanceliquidchromatography
ofsteroids,111
(HPLC),28
ofstimulants,62
Hofmann,Albert,88
electrophoresis,31–33
embalmingfluid,27,99
infraredspectrometry,28,34–35
endorphins,21–22
inhalants,43,103–108
enkephalins,21–22
injection,39–40
enterohepaticcirculation,17
interactions,16–17,22,39
enzymemultipliedimmunoassaytechnique
ions,14
(EMIT),28
ephedrine,58–60
Jascalevich,MarioE.,27
epinephrine,22
excretion,17–18
ketamine,97,98,99–100,101
exhumation,27
khat,58
135
Index
kidneys,17–18
narcolepsy,57,58
kinetics. Seepharmacokinetics
narcotics,defined,80
NationalInstituteofJustice,45
Laborit,Henri,67
nausea,50
lipids,13–14,15,50–51,72–73
needles,39
liver,15,17–18,50,68–69,111
Netter,FrankH.,19
LSD,21,88,90–91,95
neurotransmitters,20–23,74,88,100
lungs,17–18
NHTSA,76–77
Luster,Andrew,6
NIDA,36–37,44,109–110
Niemann,Albert,55
MaHuang,58–59
nitrousoxide,103,106
MAOI,22
NMDAreceptors,22,84,100
MarijuanaTaxAct,48
norepinephrinereceptors,21,22
MDMA,73,88,89–90,92–93,94
noscapine,80
medicalexaminers,7
NSDUH,43,44–45
medicinalusage
nucleusaccumbens,23
ofamphetamine,57–58,64
nystagmus,35,76
ofcocaine,55,56
ControlledSubstancesAct(CSA)and,40
OfficeofNationalDrugControlPolicy,45
marijuanaand,47,49
omegafattyacids,52
ofopioids,82
one-legstand,76
membranes,12–13,50–51
opioidreceptors,21–22
mescaline,89,92
opioids,80–87
metabolism
opium,80–82
ofalcohol,68–69
overdoses,1–2,71,75,76,85
ofbarbiturates,69–71
oxazepam,73
ofbenzodiazepines,71–73
oxycodone,43
ofcannabinoids,50–51
ofGHB,73–75
papaverine,80
ofhallucinogens,90–95